English ports. Newcastle upon Tyne is a port city in England. A major port in the east of Great Britain.

The UK economy is highly dependent on the state of the national merchant fleet. According to the Department for Transport and the UK Chamber of Shipping, around 95% of the tonnage and 75% of the value of UK foreign trade goods, and up to 25% of domestic trade goods, are transported by water.

To serve maritime trade and passenger ships, as well as cargo handling, the UK has over 70 international seaports of commercial importance, as well as over 200 smaller ports where local cargo is handled. Every year, more than 565 million tons of cargo are transshipped through British ports, of which about 220 million tons are imported and 180 million. export, and also transports up to 30 million passengers.

All areas of the UK except the West Midlands are associated with seaports, serving as the main transport hubs. The largest of them are London, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol, Newcastle. (Figure 1 shows all UK ports).

Britain's largest port -- London, which is the second in the world after New York, is located on the Thames, 45 km from its mouth. 40-50% of all UK imports and about 25% of exports pass through London. Docks, quays, and warehouses stretching for tens of kilometers, mainly on the northern bank of the Thames, were built at different times by different companies. For unloading and loading operations in the port of London, in addition to floating cranes, about 9 thousand so-called lighters - self-propelled barges with a lifting capacity of 20 to 100 tons - are widely used.

It is inferior to London in terms of cargo turnover Liverpool, in the Mersey estuary, also one of the world's largest ports. Liverpool rivals London in its role in exports. 30% of the country's maritime passenger turnover also passes through the port of Liverpool (about 1 million passengers per year). In addition to the docks of Liverpool itself, stretching for 18 km along the right bank of the Mersey Estuary, the Port of Liverpool also includes the docks of nearby cities included in the conurbation of Greater Liverpool, in particular Birkenhead and Wallasey on the left bank of the Mersey Estuary.

Manchester- major UK port. Connected to the mouth of the river. The Mersey, which flows into the Irish Sea, has a 58-kilometer shipping canal. The Port of Manchester includes 20 tidal dock basins, part of a canal, piers and moorings. The length of the berth front is 17 km with depths of up to 12.2 m. The port is equipped with specialized berths for tankers, ore carriers and vessels transporting containers. About 70% of the total turnover of sea cargo consists of liquid cargo: oil, gasoline, liquid sulfur.

The total turnover of sea cargo passing through Manchester is 11.4 million tons. The port has powerful loading and unloading facilities, 3 dry docks and a floating dock provide any repairs to ships and ships up to and including destroyers and submarines. Through the canal and the mouth of the river. The Mersey is connected to the port of Liverpool.

Glasgow- a major port of Great Britain and one of the main shipbuilding centers on the River Clyde, 34 km from the mouth, on west coast Scotland. The port includes dock basins, piers and berths. The length of the berthing front is 20.4 km with depths of up to 12.5 m. The total volume of sea cargo passing through the port of Glasgow exceeds 5.5 million tons. The port of Glasgow has 6 dry docks and slips that provide any repairs to ships. The products of Glasgow shipyards account for about 45% of all English shipbuilding. The port is connected by a canal to the Firth of Forth in the North Sea.

Bristol is a major port of Great Britain, located at the top of the bay of the same name at the mouth of the river. Avon. Includes the King roadstead, 7 tidal docks occupying the entire mouth of the river, and road berths for tankers. Due to large tidal currents, other vessels are handled only at the docks. The length of the berth front is up to 14 km with depths of up to 14 m. The total turnover of sea cargo in the port of Bristol is 3.9 million tons. The structure of sea cargo passing through the port is diverse with a predominance in the import of oil. The Port of Bristol provides all types of ship and vessel repairs.

Newcastle- UK port on the river. The Tyne, which flows into the North Sea, 11 km from its mouth. The Port of Newcastle includes 3 dock basins, a quay and piers. The depth in the roadstead is 6.4-12.6 m. The length of the berth is up to 6 km with depths up to 11 m. The following sea cargo is imported into the port of Newcastle: oil and oil products, non-ferrous metals, iron ore, chemicals, cement, food; exported are coke, coal, cast iron, cars, lead and other metals. The total turnover of sea cargo passing through the port of Newcastle is 5 million tons. The berths are equipped with loading and unloading equipment, there are warehouses, cargo areas, oil storage facilities, a shipyard, and a dry dock.

The country's island position at the crossroads of important sea routes between Europe and other continents and the dependence of the country's economic development on external markets for raw materials and sales and the possibility of carrying out foreign trade transportation only by sea - all this contributes to the development of the country's merchant fleet and its transformation into the largest maritime power in the world.

For several centuries, Great Britain owned the largest navy in the world.

in 1904 navy Great Britain was equal to almost half of the world's tonnage. From 1948 to 1964, the British merchant fleet ranked second in the world.

The British Register includes 649 ships with a displacement of over 100 so-called “long” tons. Their total carrying capacity is 15 million tons. Among them: 149 vessels with a total deadweight of 5.5 million tons for the transportation of oil, gas and chemicals; 453 vessels with a deadweight of 9.3 million tons, hired as bulk carriers and container ships; 47 passenger ships with a total deadweight of 100 thousand tons.

In the past, more passengers arrived in the UK by sea than by air. However, since the beginning of the 60s of the 20th century, the number of air passengers began to grow rapidly and is now several times higher than the number of those arriving in the country by sea. In total, the country has about 150 airports, through which it is connected by regular airlines to more than 100 countries of the world.

According to the British Statistics Office, 77% of ships owned by British companies are registered in the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man or the British Overseas Territories.

In the section on the question What is the largest port in England? given by the author User deleted the best answer is Bristol - one of the oldest and most significant trading cities in England - located at the junction of the Avon and Frome rivers. This is the largest city in the south of the country and the largest British port, dating back to the 11th century and being a kind of “gateway to England”. From here they went to all corners of the world. Much has changed since colonial times, but Bristol is still one of the main port cities in England. It is divided into three main parts. On the right bank of the Avon is located Old town, and Redcliffe and Clifton are on the steep heights of the left bank. A magnificent chain bridge (67 m long and 88 m high) spans the picturesque gorge that forms the Avon. Bristol is a vibrant university city with fashionable shopping centers, restaurants, shops and magnificent historical monuments.

Reply from Yoolnyshko[guru]
London!

Reply from ЀAIDA***[guru]
Gull, a port in England (Hull) or Kingston-on-Hulle is one of the main ports of England, the eastern part of the county of York, on the banks of the River Hull and the bay formed by the Humber River, 33 km from the German Sea. Gul occupies a position on the east coast of England similar to Liverpool on the west; This is a warehouse for Yorkshire products - wool and cloth.

Reply from Gleam[guru]
Bristol.

Reply from N.B.[guru]
Southampton is the largest seaport England, from which the Titanic set sail in 1912.

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For the term "Kingston" see other meanings. Another name for this concept is “Hull”; see also other meanings. City and unitary unit of Kingston upon Hull Kingston upon Hull ... Wikipedia

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For many years England held the position of a maritime state.

This was facilitated geographical location country - located on islands, England is surrounded on all sides by water, so the ports of England for a long time occupied first places in terms of cargo turnover and allowed the state to support the economy through regular water transport.

Seaports are located along the entire coast of Great Britain, some of them are located far from the mouths of rivers. Major British ports have docks with locks. During high tides, deep-draft vessels move freely into the docks. During low tides, the locks close and keep the docks at a high water level, allowing the most large ships remain in port for unloading or loading at low tide.

The largest British port, London, second in the world after New York, is located on the Thames, 45 km from its mouth. 40-50% of all UK imports and about 25% of exports pass through London. Docks, quays, and warehouses stretching for tens of kilometers, mainly on the northern bank of the Thames, were built at different times by different companies. For unloading and loading operations in the port of London, in addition to floating cranes, about 9 thousand so-called lighters are widely used - self-propelled barges with a lifting capacity of 20 to 100 tons.

London is inferior in terms of cargo turnover to Liverpool, in the Mersey estuary, which is also one of the world's largest ports. Liverpool rivals London in its role in exports. 30% of the country's maritime passenger turnover also passes through the port of Liverpool (about 1 million passengers per year). In addition to the docks of Liverpool itself, stretching for 18 km along the right bank of the Mersey Estuary, the Port of Liverpool also includes the docks of nearby cities included in the conurbation of Greater Liverpool, in particular Birkenhead and Wallasey on the left bank of the Mersey Estuary.

Southampton, the largest of the English Channel ports, is almost on the same level in terms of ship turnover as Liverpool. It is located in a large natural harbor, protected from the storms of the island. White and exposed to double tides - from the west and east, alternating every 3 hours. Southampton imports include food cargo - fruits, early vegetables and new potatoes, meat, butter, grain, and other goods - oil and timber. Southampton is the passenger outport of London and the final destination of passenger express flights between America and England: a passenger disembarking in Southampton, arriving from the west, reaches London by train in 3-4 hours, whereas if he continues his journey by sea, he will only get to London in a day. Over 60% of UK passenger maritime traffic passes through Southampton.

The closest port of Manchester, which includes docks and warehouses along the Manchester Sea Canal, dug at the end of the 19th century, is twice as large as Liverpool in terms of cargo turnover. from the Mersey Estuary to Manchester.

In the west, at the entrance to the canal, where the oil refining industry developed, large docks for unloading tankers and oil storage facilities were built at Eastham and Ellesmere Port.

Other UK ports include Swansea, Cardiff and Bristol in Bristol Bay, Hull (Hull) in the Humber Estuary, Newcastle and Middlesbrough in the north-east of England, and Glasgow in the west of Middle Scotland. The port of Dover is located near the Pas-de-Calais, through which passes passenger service with France (ferries carry trains on the London - Paris line). IN Northern Ireland The port of Belfast plays a major role in communication with the UK.

Today, the ports of England have noticeably reduced the volume of cargo transported, but continue to operate and bring a stable income to the country.

Today there are 89 ports in England - cargo and passenger.

Newcastle upon Tyne is a port city in north-eastern England and the administrative center in the county of Tyne and Wear, which has a long history, and today is one of the main centers nightlife UK. Lively and student-friendly, Newcastle is one of England's premier cities with a rich cultural and architectural heritage. Today it is the most densely populated region in the northeast of the country, with about 300,000 inhabitants. In addition, Newcastle upon Tyne has the reputation of being the student center of Great Britain - more than 40 thousand students from different countries peace. The city has a developed metro network.

• Founded: in the 2nd century;
• Area: 58 km²;
• Time zone: UTC+0, summer UTC+1;
• Population: 281,900.

Weather

Newcastle is located close to the Pennines, changing its climate slightly from standard English. The main difference is the humidity in this region significantly less, as a result local residents practically do not encounter fog and heavy precipitation. Winter here is cool and dry, with average temperature air is +3⁰C, and summer is moderately warm - the air warms up to +15⁰C...+20⁰C. Heat is as rare as frost.

How to get there

Newcastle upon Tyne - large transport hub. 10 kilometers from the city is located international airport, from where the center can be reached by metro, bus or taxi. Through railways and motorways, Newcastle is connected to almost all settlements countries.

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