Czech Republic country data. Briefly about the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, or Czech Republic, is a Central European state bordered to the north by Poland, to the west by Germany, to the south by Austria, and to the east by Slovakia. The capital of the Czech Republic is the city of Prague, which is one big attraction under open air. The country covers an area of ​​78,866 km² and has a population of 10,610,947 people (2016). The largest cities are Prague, Brno, Pilsen, Ostrava.

According to legend, the ancestors of today's Czechs, led by their leader Czech, settled on the territory of the modern Czech Republic, which has been inhabited since the Stone Age. The first chronicle mentions of settlements on Czech soil date back to the end of the 9th century, when these lands were united by princes from the Přemyslid family. In the Middle Ages, the Czech kingdom had significant influence, but the religious conflicts that arose (the Hussite Wars in the 15th century and the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century) significantly weakened it. Soon the kingdom came under the rule of the Habsburgs and became part of Austria-Hungary.

After the end of the First World War and the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia united to form the independent republic of Czechoslovakia. The country was occupied by Germany in 1939. At the end of the Second World War, the Czech Republic found itself in the Soviet camp, which predetermined its history until 1989. On January 1, 1993, Slovakia separated from the Czech Republic, and both countries gained independence. Today's Czech Republic has been a member of NATO since 1999, and has been a member of the European Union since 2004.

The Czech Republic is one of the most popular tourist destinations Europe. About 50 million people visit the country every year, regardless of the season. Choice tourist routes in the Czech Republic is so extensive that it is worth deciding in advance which direction of tourism interests you at the moment, and what should be left for future visits. The most attractive are historical routes, since the country has a huge number of objects that will be of interest to fans of antiquity: towns, fortresses, castles. Some cities of the Czech Republic are included in the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage.

Current time in Prague:
(UTC +1)

Fans of active recreation will find something to their liking - ecotourism and skiing are developed in the country. Those who want to admire the natural beauty in the Czech Republic are a real expanse: forested mountains, caves, lakes and waterfalls. The Czech Republic also attracts tourists in need of wellness: many popular thermal resorts await them.

How to get there

The Czech Republic and Russia are connected by many flights. So, you can fly to Brno from Moscow, and to Karlovy Vary - from Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. But the most popular destination city is Prague. In addition, from October 28, 2012, Transaero opened flights on the route Moscow - Pardubice.

From the Czech capital, planes fly to Moscow (Aeroflot and Czech Airlines"), St. Petersburg ("Russia" and "Czech Airlines"), Voronezh ("Polyot"), Yekaterinburg ("Ural Airlines" and "Czech Airlines"), Rostov-on-Don ("Aeroflot-Don" and " Czech Airlines), Samara (Aeroflot and Czech Airlines), Novosibirsk (S7) and Tyumen (Yamal).

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Climate and weather in the Czech Republic

The climate of the Czech Republic is temperate continental with maritime features. Summer in the region is warm, with daytime temperatures +23…+25 ° C, with a lot of precipitation. Winter cloudy, cool, daytime around 0…+3 ° C, and at night -5…-2 ° C, snow often falls. In winter, ski resorts begin to operate in the mountains.

The minimum precipitation occurs in spring and autumn; this time is considered the most comfortable for excursions and travel around the country.

The weather in the Czech Republic rarely brings surprises: in summer, as a rule, it is not hot, and in winter it is moderately cool, so tourists visit the country all year round.

Cities and regions

Regions

• Bohemia - western part of the Czech Republic
• Moravia - eastern part of the country
• Czech Silesia is the northeastern part of the Republic.

• Prague is the capital and most big city Czech Republic.
• Brno is the largest city in Moravia and hosts the Moto GP Grand Prix every year.
• Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic.
• Cesky Krumlov is a beautiful old town and castle.
• Opava – rich and historical important city Silesia, near the border with Poland.
• Jesenik is a popular winter resort.
• Karlovy Vary is also known as “Carlsbad”, a historical resort.
• Karvina is a resort located near Ostrava.
• Kutna Hora - historical city with the famous St. Barbara's Cathedral and old silver mines.
• Novosedlý is a village in the Moravian wine region, where you can take a horseback ride through the vineyards.
• Olomouc is a vibrant university city.
• Pilsen is the birthplace of Pilsner Urquell beer and the largest city in Western Bohemia.

What to see

Castles of the Czech Republic

The pride of the Czech Republic is its castles, of which there are about 2,500. Almost every corner of the Czech Republic has its own castle - an ancient one, with an interesting ancient history. Castles - the fortified dwellings of feudal lords - were built according to a certain structure: the castle itself (hail) with a church, surrounded by one or several outskirts, gradually built up and used for economic purposes. During the Renaissance, castles lost their significance as military fortresses and turned into comfortable homes. In the 19th century, many Czech castles were rebuilt in the spirit of romanticism, acquiring neo-Gothic elements and a certain “English accent”. At the end of the 20th century, some castles were returned to the families that historically owned them as part of restitution, others became hotels, and others became museums. Many castles today offer guests magnificent theatrical performances - excursions into the history of the Czech Republic, organizing knightly tournaments, costume performances, concerts of ancient music, and tastings of Czech cuisine. Below is a list of the most famous castles in the Czech Republic. You can read more about Czech castles in the article “Castles of the Czech Republic. Fabulous atmosphere of the Middle Ages."

• Karlštejn Castle
  

Ancient cities of the Czech Republic

In addition to castles in the Czech Republic, it is definitely worth visiting ancient cities, which contain a huge number of historical and architectural monuments.

Once in Brno, it is worth taking time to explore the Moravian Gallery - the second largest museum in the Czech Republic, famous for the richness of its collection. The gallery, founded in 1961, houses objects of free art - not only painting, drawing and plastic arts from ancient times to the present, but also photography, applied art, and graphic design.

Also worth visiting in Brno Cathedral Saints Peter and Paul, Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Church of Saint Jacob, Town Hall, Church of Saint Michael.

Kutna Hora

Terezin Memorial

Terezin Fortress was founded at the end of the 18th century at the confluence of the Laba and Ohří rivers, 5 km south of the city Litomerice. During World War II, the German occupiers set up a concentration camp for Jews in the fortress, the so-called “Terezin Ghetto,” which held just under 140,000 people (of which 33,000 died while in the ghetto). Some Jews (88,000 people) were deported to Auschwitz and other death camps. By the end of the war, 17,247 people survived in the ghetto. Terezin was liberated by Soviet troops on May 9, 1945. Today it is located in Terezin.

Medical resorts Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a recognized destination for health tourism; the country is famous for its thermal and mineral resorts, the most famous of which is Karlovy Vary. The city was founded by Emperor Charles IV. 1358, appeared in a place where 132 mineral springs make their way to the surface of the earth, 12 of which contain healing water. The resort has a glorious history; the entire world elite came here to improve their health: monarchs, prominent political figures, famous people of art. The streets of the city follow the curves formed by the Teplaya River, across which lacy bridges are thrown. The city is decorated with picturesque buildings of various eras, parks, and public gardens. Except medical procedures, shown for a wide range of diseases, and pleasant walks in the lap of nature, you can always have an interesting time here, for example, the city hosts the Karlovy Vary Film Festival - the second most important in Europe after Cannes.

Attractions

Museums and galleries

Entertainment

Parks and Recreation

Active leisure

Transport

Wellness holiday

Private guides in the Czech Republic

Russian private guides will help you get acquainted with the Czech Republic in more detail.
Registered on the Experts.Tourister.Ru project.

Things to do

• University Hospital in Motol

Getting around the country

Bus

Most comfortable view transport for traveling around the Czech Republic - bus. To some destinations, buses travel faster and more often than trains. Dozens of carrier companies operate flights throughout the country. Communication between large cities is provided at least several times a day. Small towns and remote places can also be reached easily with daily flights. The lines operate comfortable buses with air conditioning and TVs, often with reclining seats. Czech buses follow the schedule impeccably. Tickets can be purchased at the ticket office in advance, when entering the bus from the driver, or online on the carrier company’s website. The tickets do not indicate a seat - passengers sit in empty seats.

One of the main carriers is the country's largest bus company CSAD (Ceska Autobusova Doprava), operating both domestic and international flights. The departure point in Prague is Florenc Station. Information on routes and schedules is available on the website www.florenc.info, or in the CSAD information window from 6:00 to 19:45, on Saturday from 6:00 to 16:00, on Sunday from 8:00 to 18:00 hours . They also sell tickets there. If the window is closed, you can consult the travel agency located opposite, which also carries out its own transportation throughout the country.

Another very popular bus company in the Czech Republic is. Its buses are distinguished by impeccable comfort and a high level of service: female flight attendants will offer you tea, coffee and chocolate, and the Czech press for free. In addition, tickets from this company are often cheaper than tickets from other carriers, and the bus travel time is much shorter. Bright Student Agency buses depart from Prague from the Zlicin metro station; tickets can be purchased upon departure at a kiosk near the platform or ordered on the company’s website. Student Agency tickets show seats.

The desired bus route in the Czech Republic can be found at. To create a personal route, select the link kombinace, enter the name of the starting point (Оdkud) and destination (Kam), the date (Datum) and time (Čas) of departure (odjezd) or arrival (příjezd), as well as the possible number of transfers (přestupů). The site will display a list of route options with the numbers of all flights, departure and en route times, as well as a cost calculation. The only caveat is that the site works in Czech, but words can be typed in regular Latin letters, without using diacritics. For translation, you can use one of the online dictionaries.

Trains

The Czech Republic has a fairly dense network of railways, operated by the company, or simply CD. Trains to most destinations depart hourly.

The slowest regional trains are called Osobni (O), they stop at all stops, and in large cities several times. Spešný (Sp) are regional express trains that move slightly faster than usual, since in large cities they stop only at the main stations. Fast trains are called Rychlik (R) and Express (Ex), and they usually have a dining car or a buffet.

Fast night trains have the same name - Rychlik, but traveling with them is not very convenient - you still won’t be able to get enough sleep due to the shortness of the trip. Night international trains called EuroNight (EN).

The fastest - InterCity (IC) and EuroCity (EC) trains have a high level of comfort; travel on them will be more expensive. EU trains are international, connecting Prague with major European cities, and IC are internal.

Supercity or Pendolino are new fast trains recently purchased by Czech railways", have a special ticket rate (SC). The schedule is available on the website.

The ticket price depends on the class of carriage and distance. To save money, you can buy a weekend pass - SONE+, which is intended for travel on all trains throughout the Czech Republic during the weekend, it is also valid in the border areas of Germany, Austria and Poland. On other days, it is worth using one of the Sitova jizdenka travel tickets, information about which can be seen.

There are significant discounts for young people and students: the ticket will be about one and a half times cheaper for them. Travel is free for children under 6 years old, children under 15 years old receive a 50% discount.

Remember, to get to small breweries or remote towns by train, you'll likely have to make several connections. You can optimally plan your route at.

Bike

Bicycles are a very popular mode of transport in the Czech Republic: the length of bicycle routes currently exceeds 37 thousand km. The most extensive network of routes is located in Prague, in Central and Northern Moravia, and most of them are so-called “greenways”. "Green roads" are laid along rivers, water canals and railway lines, they pass along old pilgrimage and trade routes, past famous historical monuments or natural attractions. These include the following routes: Prague - Vienna, Amber Route, Moravian Route, Labe Route, Moravian Route wine route etc. The widespread development of cycling in the Czech Republic is due to the fact that the country was included in the project of the European network of cycling routes “EuroVelo”, developed by the European Cyclist Federation with the aim of linking 12 European cycling routes connecting all European countries.

Auto

To travel in the Czech Republic by car, the driver must be over 18 years old, have a valid international driving license, an identity card (for everyone except EU citizens, you also need a passport), registration documents for the car and a third party liability insurance policy ( "green card")

The car must be equipped with a nationality sign; failure to do so will result in a fine. The car must have a warning triangle in the shape of a red triangle and a first aid kit. Children must only ride in a car with seat belts fastened and in appropriate seats. From October 15 to May 15, drivers must turn on low beam headlights even during daylight hours. Driving while intoxicated is punishable by a severe fine or detention. Motorcyclists and their passengers are required to wear protective helmets.

The maximum permissible speed for cars and buses is 50 km/h in populated areas, 90 km/h on normal roads and 130 km/h on highways.

Motorways and motorway-type roads in the Czech Republic are toll-free, so motorists need to purchase a ticket with which they can drive for a whole year. The ticket is stuck on the windshield. You can buy it at the post office, at gas stations along the roads, at all major border points. The cost of the coupon is 400 CZK for vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tons, 1000 CZK for vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tons.

Gas stations are located on all main roads within approximately 50 km, at the entrances to major cities. After 21:30 most gas stations close.

Renting a car in the Czech Republic will not be difficult: at airports, in large cities and in upscale hotels there are offices of all leading car rental companies. If you intend to visit only Prague, you should not rent a car: many city streets are closed to car traffic, and public transport very well developed.

Aircraft

Internal air traffic in the Czech Republic is practically undeveloped: by plane you can only get from Prague to Brno and Ostrava. Flights are mainly carried out by. In the Czech Republic there are several international airports: Prague airport "Ruzyne", Brno airport "Turany", Ostrava airport "Leos Janacek" and airport in Karlovy Vary.

Communication

Unsurprisingly, the main language spoken here is Czech. Czechs are very proud of their native language and even in Prague there are few signs on English(outside the main tourist places). Older people often do not speak English, but most young people speak at least some English as they learn it in schools.

Kitchen

Czech cuisine is the result of local culinary traditions and borrowings from the cuisines of neighboring nations. Czech cuisine is very nourishing, made from natural products, replete with first courses, meat dishes, and delicious desserts.

Sauces

Czechs cannot imagine a meal without sauces, of which there are a lot: tomato, horseradish, dill, cucumber, sour cream, lingonberry, garlic, onion, etc. The sauces are based on meat broths, in which flour is sautéed and various ingredients are added.
Another “trick” of Czech cuisine is dumplings - boiled pieces of flour or potato dough. Dumplings themselves are not eaten, only as a side dish for meat dishes.

Soups

First courses - soups, or Polévky (voles), occupy a special place in Czech cuisine - Czechs love them very much. The most popular are the garlic soup Česnečka (garlic), Jihočeská kulajda (yigocheska kulajda) - mushroom potato soup with sour cream, often served in bread, Cibulačka (tsibulachka) - onion soup with croutons and cheese.

Meat dishes

Meat dishes are no less popular: the Czechs have pork, beef, lamb, poultry, and game. A traditional meat dish is Vepřo-knedlo-zelo (veprsho-knedlo-zelo) - baked pork in gravy with dumplings and stewed cabbage. A favorite among tourists, Pečené vepřové koleno (liver boar's knee, or simply boar's knee) is a baked pork knee with horseradish and mustard, or pork knuckle. The knees are usually very large, pay attention to the weight - sometimes the portion is too much for two. On the menu of any restaurant you will also find rib dishes, goulash, rolls, cutlets, steaks, schnitzels, kebabs, etc.

The most interesting beef dishes: Pivovarský guláš (brewery goulash) with gravy and dumplings, Biftek naložený v barevném pepři s omáčkou (biftek served in barevnem pepři with omáčkou) - steak on multi-colored peppers with sauce and side dish, Moravský hrnec ski grnets) - Moravian pot.

Fish

Fish is not the most popular product on the Czech table, but during the fishing season in the Moravian lakes or for Christmas, many dishes are prepared from fish: Pečený kapr na česneku (baked kapr on garlic) - baked carp with garlic, Pečený pstruh (baked pstruh) - baked trout, Pečený tuňák (baked tuna) - baked tuna.

Desserts

Czech desserts are very good. It’s worth trying Zmrzlinový pohár s čerstvým ovocem (zmrzlinový pogar with stale sheep) - ice cream with fruit, syrups, chocolate, wafers, Horka laska (hill of weasel) - “hot love”, ice cream with hot raspberry syrup and fresh berries, Zmrzlinové palačinky s horkými malinami a šlehačkou (zmrzlinova palachinki with mountain raspberries, and šlehačka) - pancakes with ice cream, hot raspberry syrup and whipped cream. The Czech tiramisu is no worse than the Italian one - Domácí tiramisy zdobený čerstvým ovocem (domatsi tiramisu is made with stale sheep), and the Czech strudel Jablečný štrudl s vanilkovou zmrzlinou (apple strudel with vanilla zmrzlinou) can easily compete with strud I eat Austrian spruce.

Drinks

Wine is a popular drink, especially from Moravia in the southeastern part of the country, where the climate is most suitable for growing vineyards. White wine is considered better because the growing conditions are more suitable for it. Try the white wines Veltlínské zelené (Green Veltliner), Muškát moravský (Moravian Muscat), Ryzlink rýnský (Rhine Riesling) or Tramín (Traminer); or red wines such as: Frankovka (Frankovka), Modrý Portugal (Blue Portugal, named after the grape variety, not the country), or Svatovavchinecké (St. Lawrence).

Also try ice wine (ledové víno), made from the harvest after the vines have been frozen; or straw wine (slámové víno), made by ripening grapes on straw - these wines are more expensive and are almost the same as dessert wines. Bohemian Sekt is a very popular wine among Czechs, it is sweet, fizzy, similar to Lambrusco and is drunk on holidays. Places to buy wine: wine bar (vinárna) or wine shop (vinotéka), which sometimes has a small bar.

For spirits, try Becherovka, a herbal liqueur, vaguely similar to Jagermeister, its taste is a mixture of cloves and cinnamon, improves digestion, Slivovice, plum brandy, a very popular tonic, Hruškovice, peach liqueur , not as hot as Slivovitz). Alcoholic drinks are made from almost all fruits (plums, peaches, cherries, sloe, etc.). The unique Czech tuzemský rum (made from sugar beets rather than sugar cane like Cuban rum) is sold under the Tuzemák brand. Be careful as they all contain around 40% alcohol.

Try also Svachák - hot wine, which is served in pubs, outdoors during Christmas sales, Grog - hot rum and water, served with a slice of lemon, and Medovina (honey), which is usually served hot, and is especially good for keep warm at the cold winter market.

Finally, if you are going to Moravia, try Burchák, this drink is only sold in late summer or early autumn. This is a very young wine, usually white, cloudy, still in the fermentation stage, when the wine is very sweet and easy to drink. It continues to ferment in the stomach, so the alcohol content at the time of consumption is unknown, but is usually high. The Czechs say that it should only be drunk fresh and many private winemakers are passionate about it, waiting until the very night for the moment when the wine reaches the “burch” stage. It can be purchased at wine festivals throughout the country, sometimes at markets or wine bars.

Beer

And finally, beer. A drink without which it is difficult to imagine any meal or snack in the Czech Republic. Some people travel to the Czech Republic solely for the sake of beer, creating special “beer” routes for themselves and paying little attention to Czech cuisine itself. You can read about the history of brewing in the Czech Republic, modern types of beer, snacks, beer bars and prices for a foamy drink in our special material “How to drink beer in the Czech Republic? " You can also get acquainted with the breweries of the Czech capital in the section “Prague Beers”.

Purchases

The Czech Republic is the center of Europe, and shopping there promises the same variety of goods as in any other European country. In the Czech Republic, shopaholics will find not only a good assortment of well-known brands at affordable prices, but also an impressive list of authentic endemic items that can only be bought here.

Shops in the Czech Republic are usually open from 9:00 to 18:00, on Saturdays from 9:00 to 13:00. In large cities, stores can be open until 21:00. Grocery stores are open on weekdays from 6:00 to 18:00, and on Saturdays until noon. Sometimes there is a lunch break in stores, usually between 12:00 and 13:00. Large department stores are open daily until 10:00 p.m., and some supermarkets are open 24 hours a day.

More information about shopping in the Czech Republic (popular souvenirs, store opening hours, shopping centers, shopping in Karlovy Vary, Brno, Olomouc, Pilsen and Cesky Krumlov, tax refunds and much more) you can read in the article “Shopping in the Czech Republic”. If your visit to the country is limited only to its capital, then you can read our special material “Shopping in Prague”.

Connection

You can buy a SIM card from the Vodafone operator (for example, in Prague, this can be done on Wenceslas Square, if you go down from the monument to St. Wenceslas - on the right side), a SIM card costs 200 CZK (this already includes a credit for calls). Call to Russia: +7 - area code - number;, Czech Republic code: +420. You can top up your account at Trafika kiosks; the nearest kiosk on Wenceslas Square is in the Mustek metro station.

Safety

• Taxi drivers. Negotiate the price before getting into a taxi or use trusted companies (for example, in Prague AAA taxi, Profi Taxi, City Taxi). Taxi drivers in Prague are known for taking the longest route to make more money. The Prague municipality has introduced new rules requiring legal taxis to be yellow. If you don’t want to overpay, use public transport – it’s cheap, fast and reliable. In Prague the metro runs until midnight and there are also night trams that run all night and very often go to the central tram stop Lazarská.
• Pickpockets. Watch your wallet, especially in crowds (while sightseeing, on the subway, on trams). Be especially vigilant around large groups of people.
• Prostitution. Prostitution is not illegal in the Czech Republic, but the health risks can be very high, especially in cheap brothels on the streets. There have also been cases where prostitutes gave their clients drinks laced with sleeping pills and then took everything they had. Pay attention to the age of the prostitute, as paying someone under the age of 18 for sex is a crime.
• Drugs. Since the beginning of 2010, in the Czech Republic you can have up to 15 grams of marijuana, up to four ecstasy tablets, two grams of amphetamine, one and a half grams of heroin, and one gram of cocaine. Czechs are also allowed to grow up to five cannabis bushes and 40 hallucinogenic mushrooms at home. In connection with the legalization of the above drugs, an increase in the number of HIV-infected people and an increase in the flow of drug tourists is expected in the Czech Republic, and a general decrease in drug prices could lead to a cocaine boom.
• Ticks. In the Czech Republic there are ticks that cause encephalitis and borreliosis. Ticks hide in grass and bushes, so try to walk along paths and inspect the body after a walk. Vaccination against encephalitis is available and recommended. A good insect repellent will also help. Ticks are also sometimes found in city parks, including Prague.

Health

Pharmacies (lékárna) are usually open from 8 am to 7 pm, Monday to Friday. In large cities there are 24-hour pharmacies; you should find out the address of the closest one on the list in the window of the nearest pharmacy. In Prague, one of the central 24-hour pharmacies is the one located on the corner of Belgická and Rumunská streets, they sell medicines both with a prescription and without a doctor's prescription. Medicines are dispensed from a small window regardless of the time of day - ring the bell if no one is there.

A hospital with a good reputation in Prague is Nemocnice na Homolce, located at Roentgenova 37/2, Prague 5 (tel.: 257 272 350). This clinic is adapted for foreigners. The person at the reception speaks English and can make an appointment. Most doctors speak at least some English and the level of service is of a high standard.

Useful information for tourists about the Czech Republic, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, currency of the Czech Republic, cuisine, features of visa and customs restrictions of the Czech Republic.

Geography of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a state in Central Europe. It borders Poland, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. The country's landscape is dominated by hills and high mountains- Bohemian massif, bordered by the Šumava ridges, Bohemian Forest, Giant Mountains and Bohemian-Moravian Upland. The largest river is the Vltava, 440 km long.

State

State structure

Democratic Republic. The head of state is the president. The legislative body is a bicameral parliament (Senate and Chamber of Deputies).

Language

Official language: Czech

Common languages ​​are German, English, French and Russian.

Religion

Catholics (39%), Protestants (5%), Orthodox (3%), atheists and others.

Currency

International name: CZK

The Czech crown is equal to 100 hellers. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 kroner and coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 kroner, as well as 50, 20 and 10 hellers. The import of goods worth no more than 3,000 crowns is allowed.

Private exchange offices charge commissions of up to 10%. In hotels, the commission rate is reduced to 5%. In banks, the commission rate is 2%. When exchanging currency at central exchange points, you will need a passport, which will be used to issue a receipt necessary for exchanging currency back when leaving the country.

In banks, hotels, large stores Euro checks and credit cards are accepted for payment in restaurants. There are a lot of ATMs in cities where you can get Czech crowns using credit cards at any time. Travel checks can be cashed at major tourist centers and at most banks.

History of the Czech Republic

In the 9th century, the Czechs converted to Christianity and founded the Kingdom of Bohemia around 900. In the second half of the 14th century, Bohemia reached its peak under King Charles 1 (aka Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV). At the beginning of the 15th century, the state was rocked by the “Hussite Wars,” whose leader, Jan Hus, fought both against the Catholic Church and against German dominance in government. However, the Hussites were defeated, and in 1620 Bohemia and Moravia were declared provinces of the Habsburg Empire.

First world war gave impetus to the national liberation movement and after the war, on October 18, 1918, the Republic of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed in Prague. During the interwar period, Czechoslovakia became one of the most developed countries in Eastern Europe. In 1938, Germany occupied the Sudetenland and later Bohemia and Moravia, declaring them a German protectorate.

In 1945, Czechoslovakia was restored to its original borders (except for the eastern region of Ruthenia, which was annexed by the Soviet Union). In 1990, the country was renamed the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, but even then the trends towards the separation of the country intensified and on January 1, 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia became independent states. The Czech Republic is a member of the UN, GATT, WHO, and an associate member of the EU.

In the 9th century, the Czechs converted to Christianity and founded the Kingdom of Bohemia around 900. In the second half of the 14th century, Bohemia reached its peak under King Charles 1 (aka Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV). At the beginning of the 15th century, the state was rocked by the “Hussite Wars,” whose leader, Jan Hus, fought both against the Catholic Church and against German dominance in government. However, the Hussites were defeated, and in 1620 Bohemia and Moravia were declared provinces of the Habsburg Empire....

Popular attractions

Tourism in the Czech Republic

Where to stay

The Czech Republic attracts tourists from all over the world with its famous balneological resorts, ancient cities, some of which are considered the most beautiful and romantic in the world, as well as good service in hotels. In this country you can find accommodation to suit every taste.

The classification of hotels here is the same as in other European countries - from one to five stars. The hotel's rank must be confirmed every four years, so you can be sure that the service and star rating are consistent. In addition, each hotel also has a corresponding designation indicating the type of accommodation - hotel, boarding house, etc.

In the Czech Republic you will find fashionable hotels of one of the world chains (Marriott, Hilton, Ibis), and hotels located in ancient castles and palaces, and private boarding houses, and hostels, and youth hotels. The cost of living depends both on the level of services provided and on the location relative to historical monuments and the city center.

Students and those tourists who prefer a budget holiday option can stay in a boarding house or guest house. Here you will be offered a comfortable stay - cozy, clean, no-frills rooms, a private bathroom, and breakfast. In addition, you can rent an apartment or stay in a private house. In the Czech Republic during summer holidays You can stay in one of the student dormitories. Less comfortable, but also the cheapest rooms are in former workers' dormitories with a shared bathroom.

There are about 200 modern and well-equipped campsites in the Czech Republic. Here you can spend the night in a tent or house, use running water, electricity, and laundry services. On the territory of some there are also bars and shops.

For those who prefer unity with nature and a leisurely family holiday, accommodation is offered on one of the many farms, historical estates, and converted mills.

Popular hotels

Excursions and attractions in the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. This is a country with a rich, centuries-old history, ancient traditions and many interesting sights. Charming ones await you here medieval cities, beautiful ancient castles, magnificent natural landscapes, world-famous mineral springs and, of course, traditional Czech cuisine and beer.

The heart of the country, its pearl and favorite place for tourists, of course, is its capital - unusually beautiful city Prague, located on picturesque hills, on the banks of the Vltava River. Prague is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, which it is simply impossible not to fall in love with at first sight. It seems that time has no power over this magical city... Its narrow cobbled streets, where the spirit of medieval Prague is so keenly felt, unique architectural structures that perfectly illustrate the culture and history of the city, as well as cordiality and hospitality local residents attract a huge number of tourists from all over the world. The main historical and architectural attraction of Prague is rightfully considered the majestic Prague Castle and, located on its territory, St. Vitus Cathedral - one of the best examples of the Gothic style in Europe. You should definitely visit the Tyn Church, Charles Bridge, Old Town Hall on the square of the same name, Vysehrad, Old royal palace, Strahov Monastery, Loreta Monastery, Wenceslas Square, National Museum and take a walk along the famous Golden Street (Zlata Ulitschka). No less interesting are Troya Castle, the Royal summer palace Belvedere, Anege Monastery, St. George's Basilica, Maisel Synagogue, Dancing House and Prague Zoo (one of the largest in Europe). However, it is impossible to list all the sights of Prague, but they are definitely worth seeing with your own eyes.

In the vicinity of the capital, the most interesting places are the Gothic Imperial Castle Karlštejn, located in a surprisingly picturesque place on a huge rock above the Berounka River, the hunting castle of the Czech kings Křivoklát, Konopiště Castle and the beautiful medieval town of Kutna Hora with a lot of attractions and its main shrine- Cathedral of St. Barbara. On the outskirts of Kutna Hora in the town of Sedlec, it is worth visiting the Chapel of All Saints or the so-called “Kostinica”, the impressive and somewhat frightening interior of which is made of human bones. Not far from Prague (just 65 km) is located one of the most picturesque places in the Czech Republic - Macha Lake.

The Czech Republic is famous for its huge number of beautiful ancient castles. Among the most famous and impressive masterpieces of medieval architecture (besides those mentioned above) it is worth noting the castles Orlik, Český Sternberg, Hluboka nad Vltavou Castle, Zvikov, Detenice, Špilberk, Melnik, Kost, Sychrov, Žleby, Dobříš Palace and Krumlov Castle. Of particular interest are also Lednice Castle and Feldsberg Palace, united into a single “Cultural Complex of Lednice-Valdice” - a masterpiece of park design of enormous size (included in the UNESCO World Heritage List).

The most famous resort The Czech Republic is definitely Karlovy Vary. About the healing properties of hot drinks mineral springs This resort has been legendary for centuries. In addition, it is a very beautiful and green city. The balneological resort of Teplice (one of the oldest resorts in the Czech Republic), as well as the resorts of Marianske Lazne, Frantiskovy Lazne, Jachimov, Bechyne, Jesenik, Podebrady, Luhacovice, etc., are also especially popular. Fans of winter sports should visit Harrachov, Spindleruv Mlýn and Pec pod Snezkou.

You will find a lot of interesting sights in such beautiful Czech cities as Brno, Pilsen, Pardubice, Olomouc, Tabor and Liberec. Particularly popular among nature lovers are the Bohemian Paradise reserves (on its territory there are the ruins of the Trosky fortress and the Kost Castle), Czech Switzerland and the Moravian Karst.

Tips

In restaurants, tips do not exceed 10% of the total cost of the order. So much for the taxi driver and guide.

Visa

Office hours

Grocery stores are open from 6 am. Department stores are open from 9 to 18 hours on weekdays, and on Saturdays until 13 hours. Banks are open on weekdays from 9 to 14-18 hours. Exchange offices are open until 18-20 hours, some work around the clock.

Museums and historical sites are closed to visitors on Mondays and the day following holidays. Most finish work at 18:00, ticket sales stop an hour before closing. The Jewish Museum in Prague is closed on Saturdays and Jewish holidays.

Purchases

It is possible to recover VAT, which is 25% on most consumer goods (for services, gasoline and food products - 5%).

It is possible to receive a discount on purchased goods in the amount of VAT (up to 22%) if purchased from one seller within one day in the amount of 2.5 thousand crowns. The tourist must personally export the purchased goods abroad to the Czech Republic no later than 60 days from the date of purchase, having received a confirmation mark on the document form attached to the sales receipt. The right to a VAT refund is valid for 3 months, starting from the end of the calendar month in which the purchase was made. The quantity of goods should not exceed personal needs, and the goods themselves should be intended exclusively for personal consumption. VAT refunds are not issued for food products, alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, gasoline, etc.

Souvenirs

Tourists bring from the Czech Republic: alcoholic drinks, beer and beer glasses, the famous Becherovka and Slivovitz liqueurs, absinthe; Czech waffles with different fillings; Bohemian crystal (vases, glasses, chandeliers); jewelry made of silver and garnet. The most unusual souvenir from Karlovy Vary is the salt rose. It is lowered into the spring, and, saturated with salts, it petrifies. You can also buy jars of aromatic bath salts.

It is better to make purchases in stores and keep the sales receipt until you go through customs control.

Emergency numbers

Police - 156
Ambulance - 155
Fire protection - 150

National characteristics of the Czech Republic. Traditions

In the Czech Republic, starting from January 1, 2006, it is prohibited to smoke at bus stops, as well as in public premises, unless they are equipped with isolated areas for smokers. Violators of the ban face a fine of 1,000 crowns ($41.90).

Questions and feedback about the Czech Republic

Karlovy Vary - Questions and Answers

Jáchymov - Questions and Answers

Question-Answer

Question-Answer

Cesky Krumlov - Questions and Answers

We are all familiar with the countries near the Czech Republic. After all, it borders on Poland and Germany, Slovakia and Austria. Such a favorable geographical location at the intersection of trade routes from Europe to Asia, a mild climate and an abundance of mineral springs gave the Czech country an excellent chance for prosperity. Every year millions of tourists from all over our planet flock here to improve their health balneological resorts, admire the unique architecture of the country and its ancient castles.

The Czechs are a highly cultured and educated nation. After all, they went through the difficult period that came after the collapse of the socialist camp with dignity. What is the Czech Republic rightfully proud of today? The country's economy is first and foremost, which is in second place among the countries of Eastern Europe.

For travelers

The country of the Czech Republic in the tourism market is conventionally divided into three directions: balneological, ski and excursion holidays. For lovers of a wide cultural program, it is suggested to visit Pilsen, Brno, Cesky Krumlov, Ostrava and, of course, Prague.

Those who want to improve their health go to the west of the country. It is here that the main resorts are concentrated, such as Marianske Lazne, Karlovy Vary, and Kynzvart. For ski holidays, the Czech Republic offers its eastern territories. Here, on the border with Poland, there are resorts such as Harrachov, Rokytnice nad Jizerou and Vitkovice.

In this amazing country more than two and a half thousand have still survived medieval castles, striking with its unique architecture. And it is not surprising that artists and romantics, lovers of antiquity and connoisseurs of beauty love to visit the Czech Republic. Having arrived in the country only once, it is impossible to cover the huge number of attractions available on its territory. That is why many tourists return here again and again.

What else attracts travelers to the Czech Republic? It is impossible to describe a country without telling a story about its original and delicious food. national cuisine. a haven for gourmets, making people forget about diets and their waist circumference for a while.

Hereby earthly paradise The Czech Republic is also for beer lovers. The recipes and traditions of preparing this drink, represented by a huge number of different varieties, are carefully preserved here.

Geography

The country of the Czech Republic has 658 km of borders with Poland in the north, 646 km with Germany in the northwest and west, 214 km with Slovakia in the east, and 362 km with Austria in the south. Thus, the length of all borders of this state is 1880 km.
The territory of the Czech Republic has a very diverse landscape. Thus, the region of Bohemia in the west is located in the basin of rivers such as the Vltava and Laba. It is surrounded by low mountains.

The eastern part of the Czech Republic is the territory of Moravia. It is also distinguished by its hilly surface. This area is located in the Moravian river basin. The Czech Republic has no access to the seas. However, all its rivers rush towards them. They flow into the Black, Baltic or North Seas.

The highest mountains of the country are in its northern part. They are called Kokonoshi. The highest mountain is Snezka. It rises 1600 m above sea level.

You can find the Czech Republic on the world map at the coordinates of 49 degrees 45 seconds north latitude and 15 degrees 30 seconds east longitude. This is the very heart of Europe. In order to be convinced of this, it is enough to visit the area located between the cities of Pilsen and Cheb. It is here that a memorial sign is installed, on which there is the inscription “Center of Europe”.

The country's territory is 78,866 square kilometers. In its own way it ranks 115th in the world. Two percent of this territory is water surface.

Climate

The Czech Republic is a country with a surprising amount of softness here. It is very hot in this area only during one week of the year. The country enjoys comfortable weather in all seasons. In summer it is installed here average temperature within twenty degrees, and in winter the thermometer practically never drops below minus 3. Such an ideal climate is created due to continental and maritime influences. The mountain environment reduces the negative impact of winds.

Administrative division

On the map of the country you can see thirteen regions, or edges. The main administrative center of the country is its capital - the city of Prague.

What regions (regions) are part of this European state? Their list includes the following:

• Central Bohemian.
• Plzensky.
• South Bohemian.
• Karlovy Vary.
• Ustetsky.
• Karlovegradecki.
• Liberetsky.
• South Moravian.
• Slomoutsky.
• Pardubitsky.
• Moravskosilevsky.
• Zlinsky.
• Vysočina.

Story

The territory of the Czech Republic was inhabited by people since the Stone Age. The very first mentions of this country were found in chronicle sources dating back to the 9th century. During this period, the territory of the Czech Republic was under the control of the Přemyslid princes.

The second name of these lands is Bohemia. It came from an ancient Celtic tribe that inhabited territories located in modern Northern Bohemia. After them, these lands were developed by Germanic tribes - the Marcomanni, who were replaced by the Slavs in the 5th century. The latter were the ancestors of modern Czechs.

This Slavic state reached its peak at the beginning of the 11th century. During this period it was called Great Moravia and had an impressive territory, which included the current lands of Slovakia, Bohemia, as well as parts of Hungary and Austria.

Interestingly, there is no historical information about which city was the capital of this state and why its collapse occurred. Most likely, this was due to numerous internecine wars. It is known that Great Moravia was a Christian country, and its baptists were the apostles Methodius and Cyril (the same as in Rus').

In the 17th century. The Czech kingdom became part of Austria-Hungary, and after its collapse in 1928, the unification of Subcarpathian Ruthenia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic took place. These countries became known as Czechoslovakia. In 1939, the country was occupied by the troops of Nazi Germany. Liberation came only at the end of World War II, when Soviet soldiers entered Czechoslovakia. After this, the country entered the socialist community.

However, in the late 1980s, Czechoslovakia was gripped by mass demonstrations and protests. All of them resulted in the so-called Velvet Revolution. This was followed by a strike of enormous scale, which resulted in regime change. The country was led by former dissident, playwright Vaclav Havel.

On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided into two states. Two republics were formed on its territory - Slovakia and the Czech Republic. After that, the history of the country began to take shape independently. Thus, in 1999 the state became a member of NATO, and in 2004 - a member of the EU. Since 2007, the Czech Republic has been participating in the Schengen Agreement, which means that a person with a visa from this country can travel throughout Europe without any obstacles.

Political structure

The country of the Czech Republic is a state with a representative democracy. In such a political regime, the main source of power is the people, but various representative bodies are delegated to govern the state. The Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic. Its executive powers are the president and the government. The latter, in turn, is responsible to the Chamber of Deputies.

The head of the Czech state is the president. From January 27, 2013 until today, this post has been held by Miloš Zeman. He replaced Vaclav Klaus.

Milos Zeman is one of the most prominent figures in European politics. This opinion about him was formed due to the tough personal position of the leader of the Czech Republic and controversial statements. It is worth saying that the current president of the Czech Republic, unlike most European politicians, supports Russia’s actions in many areas. The opinion often contradicts the statements of Brussels. And his position is quite firm.

As for the Czech parliament, it is bicameral. It includes the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Chamber of Deputies is supported by the work of its two hundred members, who are elected by the people once every four years. There is a principle of proportional representation. Renewal of one-third of the Senate occurs once every two years. Each of the 81 senators is given a six-year mandate.

The Constitutional Court is the guarantor of ensuring the basic rights of the Czech people. It consists of 15 judges with the power to repeal laws that contradict the country's constitution.

Population

The Czech Republic today is included in the list of densely populated countries. According to the latest statistics, its population is slightly more than 10 million people. A tenth of them live in the capital of the state - Prague. The rest of the population, as in most European countries, is mainly concentrated in other cities.

For several years in a row, the Czech Republic has seen a steady increase in natural population growth. This occurs due to a decrease in mortality and an increase in birth rates. In addition to natural growth, there is an influx of emigrants. It also increases the population of this European state.

State language

Throughout the centuries-old history of the Czech Republic, various peoples and tribes have lived on its territory. However, today 95% of the population is Czech. They keep their own national traditions. Knowledge about historical roots, of which the Czech Republic can rightfully be proud, is also highly respected. The language of the country is Czech. It is spoken by the people of this state, despite its multinational composition, represented by Poles and Slovaks, Gypsies, Germans and Jews. Of course, they are all a minority, but they are full citizens of the country.

Today, the population of the Czech Republic uses the three most common groups of dialects to communicate. Here people speak East Moravian, Middle Moravian and Czech. The country's official language was able to survive centuries of decline and Germanization. Its revival occurred in the 18th century as a literary one. But then Czech began to penetrate more and more into the lives of ordinary people, becoming an everyday language.

To date state language country sounds on the streets of its cities. At the same time, young people speak English well, and the older generation easily switches to German.

Prague city

The largest metropolis and most popular tourist center Europe is the capital of the country of the Czech Republic. More than 6 million travelers visit Prague every year. Everyone who understands architecture and appreciates the taste of beer strives to visit this friendly and elegant city.

Since ancient times, Prague has been considered one of the most beautiful cities Europe. And its names confirm this. So, this amazing city is sometimes referred to as “golden Prague” or “city of a hundred spiers”, as well as “stone dream”.

The capital of the Czech Republic has cobbled narrow streets, the amazingly beautiful Charles Bridge, as well as a huge number of different attractions.

The exact date of the creation of Prague is unknown. However, already in the 15th century, chronicles contain references to fairs held at the confluence of the Vltava and Berounka rivers. The formation of Prague Castle took place in the 9th century. In the next century, Prague received the status of the capital of the Czech Kingdom. The city began its rapid development in the 12th century, becoming the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

During World War II, Prague was occupied by the Germans. However, fortunately, the military operations carried out on its territory did not lead to the destruction of unique historical structures.

In the post-war years, a metro appeared in the capital of the Czech Republic. The construction of new microdistricts proceeded at a rapid pace.

After the victory of the Velvet Revolution, Prague became one of the most popular European cities among tourists. Her historical center recognized as a UNESCO heritage.

Today, the population of the capital of the Czech Republic is more than 1.3 million people, who live in 15 districts, numbered depending on their distance from the center. On the map they can be seen arranged clockwise.

Economy of the country

The basis of the national economy of the Czech Republic is mechanical engineering and electronics, the food industry and ferrous metallurgy, the service sector and construction. One of the most successful post-communist states today is the Czech Republic.

The characteristics of the country in economic terms indicate the success and stability of its national economy. After the Velvet Revolution, the Czech Republic inherited energy-inefficient and environmentally unfriendly production facilities from the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. In those years, too large a share in the production sector was occupied by ferrous metallurgy, which relied on imported raw materials, as well as the military industry and mechanical engineering.

As for foreign trade, it was mainly focused on the needs of the USSR, which significantly restrained the growth of the country's economy.

Since independence, the government of the Czech Republic has made some significant changes. It abolished centralized price regulation, introduced freedom of private enterprise, abolished the monopoly of state foreign trade, and carried out privatization and reconstruction of property. Thanks to the influx of foreign investment, the Czech Republic is in the most short terms carried out modernization and restructuring of industry, and also developed the necessary auxiliary and technical infrastructures.

Today, the Czech Republic is experiencing rapid growth in GDP. This is due to the growth of the industrial sector and the reduction in the share of ferrous metallurgy and production intended for military structures. The share of the automotive industry and the production of electrical products increases. This allowed the Czech Republic to achieve a positive foreign trade balance. Success became possible even despite the rapid rise in prices for gas and oil imported into the country.

It is worth saying that the size of foreign trade per capita in the country is very high and is ahead of countries such as Great Britain and Japan, Italy and France.

Czech Česká republika

Czech Republic - video

The total area of ​​the country is approximately 79 thousand square kilometers. The large “water arteries” of the Czech Republic are the Laba, Vltava, Morava, and Odra rivers. The country's topography is dominated mainly by low mountain ranges. The highest point is Mount Snezhna, whose height is just over 1,600 meters above sea level.

The Czech Republic has a temperate climate, with warm summers and cold and very wet winters. Due to the fact that the country is surrounded on all sides by mountains, the weather here is quite stable. In winter, the mountains are covered with a stable snow cover, so many popular ski resorts are open at this time.

The country's population is approximately 10.5 million people. Of these, 95% are native Czechs, and the remaining 5% are immigrants. Among the foreigners there are Ukrainians, Slovaks, Vietnamese, Russians, Germans, Gypsies and Hungarians. Religiously, in the Czech Republic there are both believers and atheists. Among religious citizens, the largest group of co-religionists is Catholics, the second largest group is Protestants. There are also followers who support the Czech Reformed Church (which separated from the Vatican in the 1920s). On the territory of the state they speak mainly Czech, but Russian can also be used as a literary language.

In the Czech Republic, industrial development is at a fairly high level. The most developed industries here are the mechanical engineering, metallurgy, fuel and energy, light, chemical and food industries.

The monetary unit of the Czech Republic is the koruna. After the collapse of Czechoslovakia, the value of the crown on the world market fell noticeably, but at the moment its rate has increased significantly, unlike some other currencies of post-Soviet states.

There are a number of humanitarian organizations operating in the Czech Republic. For example, the Czech Red Cross is an organization that focuses mainly on providing social and medical assistance to the population of the country.

Sports are good in the Czech Republic. The national football team is famous for its achievements in Europe. Well, of course, the country’s hockey team is known all over the world - one of the strongest teams on the planet. Until recently, the republic was a leader among not only European but also world countries in the sport of decathlon. Athletes in sports such as rowing and tennis also show excellent results here.

Sights of the Czech Republic

One of the many attractions of the Czech Republic is Orlik Castle, built in the 13th century as a small fortress to defend the crossing of the Vltava River. In appearance, the castle resembles an eagle's nest and is located on the top of a high cliff.

The largest collection of tapestries, the armory, which displays medieval weapons, can be seen in Hluboka Castle over the Vltava. Around the castle there is a beautiful English park with small hunting lodges. The castle with a park is the most famous and visited attraction in the Czech Republic.

At the intersection of the two largest rivers of the Czech Republic, the Labe and the Vltava, on the territory of an ancient Slavic fortress, is located Melnik Castle, which was built by representatives of the Přemyslid family. Subsequently, the castle became the residence of the chosen ones of Czech nobles.

40 kilometers from the capital of the Czech Republic is Dobrish Castle, built in the 18th century in the Gothic style. This is one of the most famous royal hunting castles.

Another attraction of the Czech Republic is Cesky Sternberk - castle, built in the first half of the 13th century and to this day is the property of the descendants of its founders.

In the northern part of the country there is natural park which is called Czech Switzerland . This is a natural park where there is everything for a wonderful holiday and travel - dense forest, high cliffs, deep canyons and fast mountain rivers.

Another natural park is located in the northeast of the Czech Republic and is called Czech paradise . The area of ​​the park is about 95 square kilometers. The shape of the Czech Paradise resembles an isosceles triangle with the cities of Jicin, Turnov, Mlada Boleslav at its vertices. Since 1954, the reserve has been under state protection. The name of the park was given by tourists themselves, who enjoy visiting it. Here you can go rafting down a mountain river, ride a horse or walk along hiking trails.

1. Time difference between Czech cities and Moscow is 3 hours. Days off of the week are Saturday and Sunday.

2. Czechs are a people who don’t mind having a lot of fun holidays. When going on a trip to the cities of the Czech Republic, keep in mind that it is customary to celebrate such holidays as Czech Independence Day (October 28), Statehood Day (September 28), Saints Cyril and Methodius Day (July 5) and John Hus Day (July 6).

3. In the cities of the republic it is prohibited to leave garbage on the streets. If you fail to comply with this rule, you may be subject to a large fine.

4. In large cities, bars, cafes and restaurants start working from 9 am and end around 11 pm. In small towns, these establishments can start working at 11 or 12 noon. Shops in the Czech Republic are open from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., and supermarkets are usually open 24 hours a day.

5. Tourists in the Czech Republic should pay special attention to the fact that here, when meeting, a woman is the first to offer her hand to a man, and also male representatives must be the first to enter an open door.

6. In cafes or restaurants, it is customary to leave a tip of 5-10% of the total cost of the order. You can also leave a small amount of money with the tour guide or taxi driver. If you are not satisfied with the quality of the service provided, you may not leave a tip - this is considered the norm in the Czech Republic.

7. Among Eastern European countries, Czech taxis are one of the most expensive. Be careful when paying with drivers - they can take advantage of the passenger’s inattention and give incorrect change.

8. In the Czech Republic, every small village brews its own beer, so there are a lot of varieties here. Experienced lovers of this foamy drink advise taking the first sip as large as possible in order to experience all the subtleties of beer taste and aroma.

9. People living in the Czech Republic love animals very much. Almost every Czech family has its own pet. There are special bins for animals on the streets - thus, local authorities monitor the cleanliness of the sidewalks.

10. Tourists should always carry an identification document with them, as representatives of the local police may demand to see it at any time. If you are traveling within the city, a copy of such a document will be sufficient.

Czech Republic on the map

The number of foreign tourists who come to the Czech Republic is increasing every year. Many tourists who have visited the Czech Republic once return there again and again. People fall in love with this country at first sight, and this love can last a lifetime. Tourists come to the Czech Republic for unique historical and architectural monuments, magnificent nature, real Czech beer, balneological and ski resorts.

Geography of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe. In the east, the Czech Republic borders on Slovakia, in the west on Germany, on the south on Austria, and on the north on Poland. The total area of ​​this country is 78,866 square meters. km, and the total length of the state border is 2,310 km.

In the west of the country in Bohemia there are low mountains - the Giant Mountains, which are structurally included in the Sudetenland mountain range. It is in the Giant Mountains that the highest Czech peak is located - Mount Snezka (1,602 m). In the east of the country in Moravia, the area is hilly with low mountains.

Several large rivers flow through the territory of the Czech Republic - the Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. Some Czech rivers are an important part of the local national parks Krkonoše, Šumava, Podja, and “Czech Switzerland”.

Capital

The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague, which is now home to about 1.3 million people. Archaeologists believe that the first Slavic settlement on the territory of modern Prague appeared in the 6th century AD.

Official language

The official language in the Czech Republic is Czech, which belongs to the subgroup of West Slavic languages.

Religion

About 30% of the Czech population are Catholics (Roman Catholic Church). Another 2% of Czechs are Protestants, and more than 32% of the Czech population do not believe in God.

Government structure of the Czech Republic

According to the 1990 Constitution, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic in which the President is the formal head of state, but his powers are significantly limited. The Prime Minister has significant powers, however, he is appointed by the President and approved by Parliament.

Legislative power belongs to the bicameral Parliament, consisting of the Poslanecká sněmovna (200 deputies) and the Senate (81 people).

Until 2013, the President of the Czech Republic was elected by the country's Parliament, but now this happens by universal popular vote.

Climate and weather

The climate in the Czech Republic is temperate continental with fairly hot summers and cold snowy winters. In the west of the country the average annual air temperature is +7C, and in southern Moravia - +9C. In Prague in July the air temperature can reach +33C, and in the west of the country in February it can drop to -17C.

There is a lot of snow in the Czech mountains in winter, which guarantees a long ski season.

Average air temperature in the Czech Republic:

• January - -3C
• February - -2C
• March - +3C<
• April - +8C
• May - +13C
• June - +16C
• July - +18C
• August - +17C
• September - +14C
• October - +8C
• November - +3C
• December - -1C

Rivers and lakes

Several large rivers flow through the territory of the Czech Republic - the Elbe, Vltava, Morava, and Odra. In addition, there are many natural small lakes in the Czech Republic, as well as about 150 artificial lakes.

Story

Around the 4th century BC. Celtic tribes settled on the territory of the modern Czech Republic, but after several centuries they were supplanted by Germanic tribes. The Slavs appeared in the Czech Republic at the end of the 5th century AD.

In the 9th century, the Czech Republic began to flourish, which was associated with the reign of the Přemyslid dynasty. The Czech state managed to actually maintain its independence, although it was a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1085, the Czech prince Vratislav was granted the right to use the royal title by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. However, the independence of the Kingdom of Bohemia was declared only in 1212.

From 1419 to 1436, the religious Hussite wars continued in the Czech Republic, as a result of which the Hussite religion was recognized by Catholics as one of the religions in this country.

Since 1526, the Habsburgs became kings of the Czech Republic, and thus this country became part of the Holy Roman Empire. By the way, the Czech Republic was part of Austria until 1918.

After the end of the First World War in October 1918, a single state was formed from the Czech Republic and Slovakia - Czechoslovakia.

As a result, the so-called In the Munich Agreement of 1939, Czechoslovakia was occupied by German troops. The Germans turned the Czech Republic into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

After the end of World War II, socialist Czechoslovakia was formed. In 1968, the Warsaw Pact countries were forced to send troops into Czechoslovakia to support the socialist system there.

In November 1989, the so-called The Velvet Revolution, which removed the Communist Party from power. Vaclav Havel became the President of Czechoslovakia.

On January 1, 1993, two new independent states appeared on the political map of the world - Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

In 1999, the Czech Republic became a member of the NATO military bloc, and in 2004 it was admitted to the EU.

Czech culture

Czechs are proud of their traditions, and carefully pass them on from generation to generation. Thus, in one of the Moravian villages of Vlchnov, the “Ride of Kings” holiday is still held every year, during which local boys and teenagers ride horses decorated with multi-colored ribbons throughout the area. At the same time, the riders themselves are dressed in traditional folk costumes. The boy king is guarded by two bodyguards with sabers.

The fact is that in the Middle Ages, local princes often traveled to Moravia (and in the vicinity of the village of Vlčnovo), who were real kings for the peasants.

Czechs love to celebrate Walpurgis Night (from April 30 to May 1). Czechs sometimes call this holiday “Witch Burning Night.” Of course, no one has burned witches in the Czech Republic for many centuries. Nowadays, to maintain this ancient custom, Czechs set fire to brooms and throw them into the air (to see how witches used to fly in the air).

Czechs believe that at midnight on May 1st, treasures can be found. However, at this time the forces of evil are capable of harming a person. Therefore, treasure seekers on the night of May 1 need to have a fern leaf on their head (on their face).

Czech cuisine

In recent years, the Czech Republic has begun to pay more attention to healthy eating and various new recipes. However, traditional Czech food recipes are still very popular in the Czech Republic.

• “bramborová polevka” - potato soup;
• “zelná polevka” - sauerkraut soup;
• “kuřecí polevka” - chicken noodle soup;
• “hovězí guláš s knedlíkem” - beef goulash with dumplings;
• “pečené kuře s brambory” - fried chicken with potatoes;
• “knedlíky” - dumplings are made with a variety of fillings;
• “jablečný závin” - apple strudel;
• Medovník" - cake with honey.

The traditional Czech alcoholic drink is beer. As in some other European countries, beer in the Czech Republic began to be brewed in the early Middle Ages in monasteries. Now Czech beer is famous throughout the world.

Sights of the Czech Republic

For lovers of attractions, the Czech Republic is an ideal country. There are many different attractions in the Czech Republic, and it is difficult for us to choose the best of them. However, in our opinion, the top ten best attractions in the Czech Republic include the following:

Cities and resorts of the Czech Republic

The largest cities in the Czech Republic are Brno, Pilsen, Ostrava, and, of course, Prague.

The Czech Republic is known for its ski resorts with well-developed skiing infrastructure. The most popular Czech ski resorts are Harrachov, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Spindleruv Mlyn, Pec pod Snezkou, Hruby Jesenik, Velke Losiny, Bozi Dar, and Liberec. Thanks to the large amount of snow, the ski season in the Czech Republic lasts from December to April.

Tourists come to the Czech Republic not only to admire the sights of this country and ski at local ski resorts. There are a large number of mineral springs in the Czech Republic, and, as a result, tourists also come to this country very often for balneological resorts. Karlovy Vary has a reputation as a world-class balneological resort.

Other popular Czech balneological resorts are Marianske Lazne, Františkové Lazne, Jáchymov, Teplice, Luhačovice, and Poděbrady.

Souvenirs/shopping