What is worth seeing in Brno? What to see in Brno - main attractions Brno Old Town Hall.

The history of the settlement in the territory where modern Brno is located supposedly dates back to 400 BC. e. According to one version, the city was founded by the Celts, and it is this point that Ptolemy mentions in his geographical atlas under the name “Eburodunum”. Czech linguists believe that the name of the city of Brno comes from the words “brdo” or “brniti”, meaning “hill” and “to defend” respectively. It is known that already in the 11th century there was a fortress on one of the hills around which the settlement grew. Its founder is considered to be Prince Břetislav I the Warrior, a representative of the Czech royal Přemyslid dynasty.

By order of Prince Břetislav I, his eldest son was to rule in Prague, and Moravia was divided between two younger sons - Vratislav and Konrad. Brno, which in those days was called Břetislav Castle, became the seat of Conrad and the center of the Duchy of Brno. It bordered on Austrian lands and protected the southern borders of the Czech Republic.

In 1992, Brno became the focus of attention of the entire European political elite. Here, at Villa Tugendhat, negotiations took place between the prime ministers of Slovakia and the Czech Republic. This place became a kind of “Belovezhskaya Pushcha” for Czechoslovakia - as a result of the meeting, the final “divorce” between the two federal republics was formalized.

Geography and climate

Brno is located on the southeastern edge of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, which stretches from the north of the country to the border with Austria. The wooded hills of the Bobravska Upland approach the city from the west, the ledges of the Draganska Upland from the north, and the Dyjsko-Svratetska hollow extends to the south and southeast of Brno. The most high point of the city (497 m) is located on its northern outskirts.

The Svratka and Svitava rivers and their tributaries flow through Brno. Svratka, having covered a 25 km long path within the city, forms the Brno Reservoir in its northwestern part. This reservoir is a popular vacation spot for townspeople and tourists.

Brno is surrounded by centuries-old mixed forests; its surroundings belong to protected areas. To the north of the city, the famous Moravian Karst Nature Reserve stretches for 25 km - one of the largest karst massifs in Europe. The vast valley south of Brno is home to vineyards. “Wine routes” lead here - tourists are invited to visit wineries and stylish cellars.

Thanks to its location between mountain range and the lowlands of South Moravia, Brno boasts a mild climate. Comfortable weather prevails here from March to November, but tourists prefer to come here from May to September. Summer in Brno is warm, but not hot: daytime air temperatures usually range between +23...+25 °C, at night +11...+13 °C. There are also sultry days when the thermometer approaches +30 °C, but this temperature does not last long. Most precipitation occurs in July-August.

Winters in the city are warm and with little snow. The coldest months are January and February. The daytime air temperature at this time is from –2 °C to 0 °C, at night the average is –5 °C. Frosts of 10 degrees are rare here.

Sights of Brno

The heart of Brno is the central and largest Freedom Square in the city. It arose in the 13th century at the intersection of three shopping streets. Over the centuries, the square changed its appearance, adapting to fashionable trends in architecture, but it always remained a place where city life was in full swing.

Many buildings with a rich history still decorate central square Brno. Among them is the House of the Lords of Lipe, one of the most beautiful buildings in the city, built in the 16th century. Next door is the Klein Palace in the neo-Renaissance style (19th century). Iron and glass were used in its construction, which was an innovation for the architectural appearance of Brno. The Plague Column, erected in 1679 in memory of the townspeople whose lives were claimed by the plague epidemic that raged here for 10 years, has survived to this day. The marble column is crowned with a statue of the Virgin Mary, and at the foot there are sculptures of saints.

A spectacular but controversial landmark of Freedom Square is the house “At the Four Caryatids”. The façade of the building, built in the era between the two world wars, is decorated with life-sized sculptures holding up the balustrade of the house. But the sculptures, which were supposed to be majestic, do not produce such an impression. The facial expressions of the characters in the composition usually cause laughter, for which they received an apt nickname from the townspeople - “mamlas”, that is, “blockheads”. And the building itself got its name – “At the Four Blockheads”.

Omega Palace is another building in Brno that is often subject to criticism. An abstract glass building, squeezed between the facades of ancient buildings, is the creation of a modern design studio. Her project won the competition for the development of a gap that had been empty for many years, despite the fact that most townspeople were categorically against such eclecticism.

An original monument of modern architecture is a six-meter watch in the shape of a sleeve. Every day at 11:00 they “shoot” a glass bullet. Catching it is a good omen, so by 11 o’clock there is a line of tourists. Eleven o'clock is a significant time for Brno, and the clock strikes not only on Freedom Square at this time. The ringing echoes over the city and from Petrov Hill, where the magnificent Peter and Paul Cathedral, built in the 13th century, stands. According to legend, in 1645, during the siege of Brno by the Swedes, the commanders on both sides entered into an agreement on the retreat of the Swedish troops if they failed to capture the city before noon. During the attack, no one noticed that the bell ringer struck the cathedral bell an hour earlier. The Swedes retreated, and the tradition of ringing the bell at 11:00 remained for centuries.

The Peter and Paul Cathedral itself, with its slender spiers soaring into the sky, dominates Brno and is one of the main attractions of the city. Built in the Romanesque style, at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries the cathedral significantly modified its appearance and acquired Gothic features. The interiors of the temple are dominated by Baroque style. The walls are decorated with luxurious paintings, a statue of the Madonna created in the 14th century is kept here, and an old baroque organ plays. The temple often hosts concerts of chamber and organ music. The cathedral is open from 7:00 to 18:30.

Another symbol and oldest landmark of Brno is Špilberk Castle. It traces its history back to the 13th century, when on the top of one of the hills the Czech ruler Přemysl Otakar II ordered the construction of a fortified royal residence. The castle changed its Gothic facade in the 16th century, when after a fire it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style. In the next century, the Habsburgs decided to turn part of its premises into dungeons for enemies of the monarchy, and Špilberk Castle replaced the glory of an impregnable fortress with the gloomy status of a dungeon. If you go here with a guide, you will hear many legends and chilling stories about the terrifying order that reigned in these casemates. From May to September the castle is open to visitors every day; in other months it is closed on Mondays. The entrance ticket costs 90 CZK.

The castle regularly hosts theatrical performances and concerts. Their schedule is presented on the city website, information can also be obtained at the museum ticket office.

Walking around Brno, you will definitely find yourself on the old square, which is called the Green Market. Already in the 13th century, vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry, and pottery were traded here. Today you can buy flowers, souvenirs, various snacks, and sweets here. The square is decorated with ancient buildings, among them the Dietrichstein Palace and the luxurious Parnassus fountain (XVII century).

Town Hall Street, running from the market, leads to the Old Town Hall, which has been the center of the city's social life since the 13th century. What gives it special splendor are the loggias of the courtyard built in the mid-16th century and majestic tower. The main portal is made in the Gothic style.

Walking through the arch leading into the town hall, you can see a stuffed crocodile hanging from the ceiling and a wheel against the wall. Both exhibits are city mascots; their appearance dates back to the 17th century. According to legend, a crocodile known as the “Brno Dragon” sailed down the Svratka River and settled in the vicinity of Brno, terrifying the locals. One of the prisoners of Špilberk Castle allegedly managed to deal with him, for which the brave man was released. But in fact, the stuffed alligator was presented as a gift to Archduke Matthias either by Turkish ambassadors or Venetian actors, and he donated it to the city. The wheel is not much younger than the dragon. According to legend, it was made in one day by a wheelwright from Lednice as a bet, and by the evening of the same day it rolled into Brno, having covered 40 km.

In 1935, city authorities moved to the building of the former Landtag (Zemstvo Parliament), located next to the beautiful Dominican Church of St. Michael on the Dominican Square. And in the Old Town Hall today concerts, exhibitions and performances are staged. At the top of the tower there is an observation deck from where a spectacular panorama of Brno opens. The city's tourist office is located in the building.

On Capuchin Square, located near the Green Market, you will see the gloomy, ascetically modest building of the Church of the Capuchin Order. There is a tomb here where the mummies of 16 monks and some noble citizens rest. The inscription on the tombstones gloomily states: “We were already like you. And you too will be like us.”

A visit to the Church of St. John will evoke more joyful emotions. It was built in the 19th century and, thanks to its spectacular red brickwork, became known as the Red Church. Here you can admire the rich ceiling paintings, lavishly decorated interiors, and altarpieces. They say that visiting this temple brings happiness to couples in love.

Among the city's church buildings, the Starobrnen Monastery, founded in the 14th century by Queen Eliška, stands out. The nuns of the Cistercian order became famous for their merciful healing; a hospital was established at the monastery, one of the first in Europe. In the 18th century, the monastery was rebuilt, the facade acquired a baroque appearance. Only the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary has retained its Gothic features. The monastery is also interesting because in the century before last, Gregor Johann Mendel, the founder of modern genetics, stayed here as abbot. It is also interesting that it was the monastery brewery that became the founder of the famous Czech beer brand Starobrno.

Art Nouveau is represented in Brno by a magnificent, elegant building – Villa Tugendhat. The house, a completely unusual example for the 1930s, was built by the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the Tugendhat family, the richest in Brno. The villa is located among luxurious but traditional mansions, and looks quite modest against their background. All its splendor lies in the arrangement of the interior space. A huge room with an area of ​​237 m², not delimited into clear zones, is decorated with rare wood and trimmed with marble. Villa Tugendhat was the first residential building in the world to be built using steel load-bearing structures. It is a benchmark in the field of functional design and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Museums

Brno has enough interesting museums, the most famous of them is Moravian. Founded in 1817, it has one of the largest exhibitions in the country. There are about 6 million exhibits in the halls and storage facilities. The collections are so large that they had to be placed at 12 sites, both in the city and outside it. To visit the permanent exhibitions, you can buy a general ticket for 100 CZK.

The Moravian Museum houses a unique artifact - the world's oldest ceramic piece made of fired clay, known as the Vestonice Venus. The age of this figurine is from 25 to 29 thousand years. The priceless creation is usually kept behind seven locks; it is exhibited only on dates that are significant for the Czech Republic.

The Brno Technical Museum is located on 4 floors of a modern building. The highlights of the exhibition are craft workshops from different eras, telephone booths, a dental office from the beginning of the last century, vacuum tube electronic computers, and the first transistor computers. There is also an Experimentarium where adults and children can conduct various experiments. Airplanes and cars are displayed in an open area.

Brno has excellent art collections - the Moravian Gallery, Gallery G99 - part of the House of Arts, where exhibitions of contemporary artists are constantly changing. Small thematic museums operate at the main architectural landmarks of the city.

Parks and reserves

Brno is one of the greenest cities in Europe. Parks, gardens and public gardens occupy a significant part of its territory; protected reserve lands adjoin the outlying areas. The most popular park within the city is Špilberk. It surrounds the castle of the same name, located on a hill, with terraces. The park was laid out in the 19th century, in accordance with the traditions of English garden art. There are perfect lawns everywhere, immaculately smooth walking paths and alleys, garden sculptures, gazebos. The observation decks open beautiful views to the city.

The extensive Luzanka Park, located almost in the very center of Brno, near the university, has a long history. It is alleged that it was laid out in the 16th century, and two centuries later it became the first public park in the country. Here, in the shade of tall trees, there are playgrounds, lawns, jogging paths, tennis courts, ponds and even a mini-zoo, and a cafe. There are benches everywhere, but many townspeople prefer to sit right on the grass.

At the beginning of the last century, the Botanical Garden appeared in Brno. It is run by the university. Masaryk, but open to everyone, admission is free. The garden is small, but very beautiful and well-kept.

On one of the hills on the outskirts of the city there is a zoo. The paddocks, enclosures and pavilions are arranged on terraces. Some enclosures are not separated from visitors. For example, kangaroos jump freely on an unfenced lawn, people are simply asked not to enter their territory. The fauna here is widely represented - from polar bears to lions, tigers, and giraffes. The zoo can be reached from the center of Brno in 20 minutes by tram number 1.

A wonderful place for walks is the Obora Holedna protected forest park. It is located in the immediate vicinity of Brno, adjacent to the residential areas of the city. Deer, mouflons, and wild boars live here in the wild. The latter are not always friendly, so during the period when they are feeding their offspring, they are kept behind a fence. Deer walk freely, often approaching people themselves in the hope of a treat, so take apples, carrots or dried bread with you.

A large park area adjoins the Brnoska Preraza reservoir. Further along the Svratka River, the park area turns into natural forests. The reservoir is located on the outskirts of Brno and is a very popular holiday destination. You can get here by public transport. Coastline It is well equipped, there are beaches, including a nudist beach, a tennis court, boat stations, many cafes, beer bars, a fish restaurant, and there are paths in the park. Pleasure steamers ply along the reservoir; they head to the ancient town of Veverska Bityshka, making several stops along the way. Tourists usually get off at the picturesque cape of the Svratka River to climb the hill where the magnificent Veverzy Castle rises - one of the oldest and largest in the Czech Republic.

You should definitely visit the Moravian Karst Nature Reserve, which stretches north of Brno. Its relatively small area presents all types of karst phenomena - canyons, grottoes, deep holes, underground lakes and rivers. There are 1,100 explored caves here, four of them are accessible to tourists. Travelers go on a tour of the caves, traveling part of the way on boats gliding across the surface underground river flowing into the lake. At the end of the inspection, the Matsokha Gorge appears before them, which is a 140-meter abyss.

Active leisure

There are countless hiking and cycling trails in the surrounding area of ​​Brno. It's interesting to go to hiking along the route around the Brno Dam, passing through the natural park Podkomorskie Forests, and further to Veveri Castle.

You can head north to the Adamovsky forests, then to the town of Bilovice nad Svitavou, from where there is a path to the picturesque fortified ruins of the town of Obřany. A popular hiking route starts in the town of Slavkov u Brna, formerly known as Austerlitz. It passes through Slavkov Castle, which hosted three emperors - Napoleon, Alexander I and Franz I. Here you can see an exhibition dedicated to the Battle of Austerlitz. The route then passes through the secluded villages of Lutrstek and Letonice, and ends in Bucovice, where the famous Bucovice Castle, built in the 17th century, is located.

The surrounding area of ​​Brno is covered by a wide network of cycling routes, and the international cycling route Prague - Vienna passes through the city. Fans of cycling can go in any direction, making stops in the most interesting corners of Moravia.

Fans of water recreation will not be disappointed either. There are beaches on the Brnoska Prehrada Reservoir, and here you can go yachting, boating, kayaking, and fishing. Beach areas are also located on three small dams of the Rzicka River, as well as southwest of Brno, in the lower reaches of the Bobrava River - these places are famous for their luxurious natural scenery. You can also swim in Lake Golasecke near the village of Golaski, located south of Brno.

Souvenirs

In Brno you will find many large shopping centers and small shops. They are in no way inferior to those in Prague, but the prices here are lower than in the capital. In addition, Brno stores offer a wider range of inexpensive and high-quality goods from Austria, which is located next door.

The largest shopping center is Galerie Vankovka, located in the very center of the city. The Olimpia shopping and entertainment center is also very popular among shopping lovers, where, in addition to fashionable clothes, shoes, and accessories, you can buy souvenirs, including handicrafts made by Moravian craftsmen.

Traditional local souvenirs include cute dolls and puppets, magnets, dishes with images of recognizable landmarks, original pot-bellied beer mugs and glasses for stronger drinks. Those wishing to purchase more elegant souvenirs should pay attention to vases and glasses made of Bohemian glass, porcelain and crystal items, jewelry made of small Czech garnets set in silver, and elite Czech costume jewelry.

Holidays in Brno - a lot of impressions and a good amount of knowledge about the history of the Czech Republic. Brno is beautiful in any season, the weather does not matter much. Here you can walk along narrow streets in the rain, dine on the terrace under flowering linden trees, or enjoy a quiet winter evening from the window of a cozy beer garden.

Story

Brno is a city with a rich history. The first mention dates back to 1091, when the city did not yet exist. The name "Brno" was given to the castle, which served as a defensive fortress. The territory modern city began to be populated since the 5th century.

It is believed that the name “Brno” comes from the Slavic word “brniti”, that is, “to defend”. Another version: “Brno” is a hill or a distorted name for the Eburodunon settlement.

Brno received city status in 1243. The city became the capital of Moravia in 1641 (until 1928). Until the second half of the 19th century, Brno played an important defensive and strategic role.

From 1526 to 1918, Brno was the possession of one of the most important dynasties in Europe - the Habsburgs. Perhaps this is why the city has been a model of economic development and military power for many centuries. Annual international fairs were held here. Brno was besieged by the Swedes twice during the Thirty Years' War, Prussia tried to take the city (1742), but Brno steadfastly held its defense.

From the end of the 18th century, the center of the bishopric was moved to Brno. Since the 19th century, there has been an industrial boom. Since 1899, the Brno University of Technology has been opened here, which is still considered one of the most prestigious universities in the country.

Since 1918, Brno became part of Czechoslovakia and then the Czech Republic. During World War II it was heavily damaged by Anglo-American air strikes. The city was liberated from the German occupiers by the Second Ukrainian Front (1945). Kharkov and Voronezh are sister cities of Brno.

Modern Brno - economic and cultural center Czech Republic. The city lives from heavy engineering (production of turbines, tractors, machine tools), chemical, printing, textile, food, and construction industries. Precision measurement and control systems, cement, furniture, and optics are produced here.

Thousands of tourists come here every year. In addition to its well-developed industry, Brno is famous for its architecture, museums, galleries, and festivals. People come here to enjoy the medieval atmosphere and see one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.

Climate

Brno's weather is typically European: the city belongs to the temperate continental climate zone. This means that it is quite difficult to determine when the season begins. Winters are mild, temperatures in December-February vary from 0 to -3 degrees. At the same time, it rains frequently, which does not stop tourists at all, so winter holidays in Brno are popular, especially on the eve of Christmas.

Spring blooms with delicate colors. Average temperature April - +10 degrees. Summer is warm, not hot, the air warms up to +18 degrees.

What to take with you

The easiest way to fly from Russia is to take a direct Moscow flight to Brno Turany International Airport, located 10 km from the city. You can get to the center from the airport by bus No. 76. The journey takes approximately 20 minutes.

Where to stay on vacation in 2019

If you are planning an economical vacation, then it is better to consider hostels or guest houses for accommodation. Cozy rooms with a separate shower cost from 1000 rubles per night. The main advantage of hostels is that most of them are located directly in the city center. Cozy rooms are located in “Hostel Mitte”, “Jacob Brno”, “Hotel Pyramida”.

For a comfortable stay with additional services(spas, swimming pool, food) it is recommended to choose hotels or apartments. Price double room varies from 3,500 to 12,000 rubles per day.

The Czech Republic is a very interesting and picturesque country with amazingly beautiful cities. Brno occupies a special place among them: it is the second largest city in the country after Prague and the former capital of Moravia, the historical region of the country.

History of Brno

Brno is a city with a thousand-year history. Construction of the city began in the 11th century around the Špilberk castle-fortress, one of the main attractions of Brno. Thanks to its favorable location at the crossroads of trade routes, the city is quickly becoming a significant commercial and cultural center, which is also of strategic importance.

Main milestones in the history of the city:

• at the end of the 12th century - the center of the appanage principality of Přemyslids - the first royal dynasty of the Czech Republic;
• in 1243 received the status of a royal free city;
• at the end of the 13th century - the residence of the Moravian margraves;
• Since the 14th century, the affairs of the city have been governed by Moravian zemstvo diets;
• from 1526 to 1918 - the economic and cultural center of Moravia, which became part of the Habsburg Empire - Austria-Hungary;
• in the 19th century it became a large industrial city;
• from 1918 to 1992 – part of Czechoslovakia. During the war, the city suffered greatly from bombing by Anglo-American aircraft;
• since 1993 – part of the Czech Republic.

Only in Brno

You can't see Brno in one day. The city's attractions are very diverse and will interest representatives of all ages and hobbies. In addition, every year the city hosts numerous cultural events for different tastes, which also last more than one day.

Children will undoubtedly be delighted by the Ignis Brunensis fireworks parade and hot air balloon festival that take place every summer. Fans of theater and music will be delighted by theatrical and symphonic music festivals; theatrical performances are staged here every day. Alternative and youth music festivals are of interest to young people. Finally, in August, Brno Days take place, established in honor of the city’s successful defense from the Swedes in 1645 and accompanied by a theatrical reenactment of the fighting.

For history buffs, Brno is a real Klondike. The historical center of the city is a beautiful old city with numerous architectural attractions.

If travelers historical places If they have time, they can devote a whole day to independently getting to the town of Slavkov u Brna (Austerlitz), near which the famous Battle of Austerlitz, or the Battle of the Three Emperors, which ended in the grandiose victory of Napoleon, took place in 1805. In the town you can visit the Slavkov Castle Palace, a national cultural monument of the Czech Republic, and at the site of the battle there is a memorial, a chapel and a museum.

The uniqueness of the city's architectural appearance lies in the harmonious combination of several styles and national traditions: in it Gothic coexists with Baroque and Renaissance, and the historical spirit of the Austro-Hungarian Empire echoes Czech culture.

Squares of Brno

In the ancient squares of the city, life is in full swing day and night. Magnificent historical buildings house numerous cafes and restaurants, and street musicians, performers and artists will always find something to entertain vacationing townspeople and tourists.

The most famous squares in Brno:

1. Cabbage Market Square (Green) is one of the oldest squares in the city; the first buildings on it appeared in the 13th century. Since ancient times, all kinds of goods have been traded here, and now you can find sellers of flowers, souvenirs, vegetables and fruits here. In the center of the square at the end of the 17th century, the Parnassus fountain was installed - an amazing masterpiece of the Baroque style. Another magnificent building in this style is Dietrichstein Palace. Nowadays, the palace building houses expositions and exhibitions of the Moravian Museum. On the square there are famous Czech theaters: the chamber theater “U Stolu”, the alternative “Goose on a Leash” and one of the oldest theaters in the Czech Republic “Reduta”. In 1767, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart performed on the stage of the Redoubt, and in honor of this event, a monument to this brilliant composer was erected in front of the theater.
2. Freedom Square is the oldest and largest square in the city. Originated in the 13th century. Fairs, concerts and performances were and are held here. In the center of the square in 1679, a plague pillar was erected - a type of religious monument common in Central Europe: a column on which a statue of the Virgin Mary was erected. The square contains the most interesting buildings and structures:
   • The house of the gentlemen from Lipe is one of the oldest buildings in the city, a beautiful structure in the Renaissance style (late 16th century);
   • Klein Palace is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Built in the mid-19th century using the latest technology of the time;
   • The house “At Four Blockheads” was built at the beginning of the 20th century. The house got its name from the strange facial expressions of the Atlanteans supporting its richly decorated façade;
   • the Omega Palace, a controversial modern building made of glass and concrete in the high-tech style;
   • watch of an unusual shape, reminiscent of a 6-meter bullet. The clock strikes every day at 11 o'clock, and a special mechanism pushes a glass ball out of the clock. There is an incredible stir around the building at this time;
   • a fountain decorated with poems by Ian Scales. Installed in 2006.

Interesting fact: Brno is called “Moravian Paris” for the beauty and sophistication of its architectural appearance.

Architectural monuments

The townspeople are proud not only of ancient buildings, but also of buildings made in modern architectural styles. Among the most interesting and significant buildings are:

1. Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul is the main attraction of Brno. This Gothic cathedral acquired its final appearance at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. The temple is decorated with two elegant 81-meter towers. The interior decoration is made in Baroque style and is luxurious and splendid. WITH observation deck From the cathedral you can look at the panorama of the city and even see the plain on which the Battle of Austerlitz took place.
2. The old town hall, which served the city for its intended purpose for over five centuries - from the end of the 14th to the beginning of the 20th. The foundation of the building dates back to an even earlier time - the middle of the 13th century. In the arch of the town hall there are two unofficial symbols of Brno, attributes of the main urban legends - the wheel and the crocodile. The museum is now a museum.
3. Špilberk Castle was built as a defensive structure by the first Czech kings, and its fate reflected the entire history of Bohemia and Moravia. At the end of the 18th century, Emperor Joseph II turned part of the castle into a prison for enemies of the monarchy with the most unbearable conditions for prisoners. Now the fortress houses an exhibition of the Brno City Museum.
4. The ossuary of the Church of St. Jacob, which contains the remains of at least 50,000 people. In 2012, these mourning halls were opened to group visits.
5. Capuchin monastery, famous for the legendary “mummy crypt” - the burial place of monks of the Capuchin order. The unique microclimate of the tomb contributed to the natural mummification of bodies. In addition to the monks, the crypt contains the remains of representatives of the city's nobility. In Brno there was a belief that from this tomb it was easier to get to heaven.
6. Villa Tugendhat is the famous building of the classic modernist architecture Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The villa is a reference example of functional design.
7. The building of the Theater named after. Janacek is one of the buildings of the National Theater Brno, built in 1960-1965. At that time it was the largest and most technically equipped theater in the Czech Republic. Opera and ballet repertoire is performed on its stage.

Parks and natural attractions of Brno

Most big park Brno "Luzanki" is also the oldest public park in the whole Czech Republic. It was opened in the 18th century and furnished in Baroque style. Located near the historical center of the city. The 20-hectare park contains all species of Moravian plants, as well as rare and exotic trees and other plants.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Denis Gardens park was created - one of the oldest public parks in Moravia. This park is very popular among city residents, who appreciate it for its fresh air and magnificent views from the fortress walls located on the hill.

In the vicinity of Brno there is an amazing natural monument - the Moravian Karst - a landscape reserve under state protection.

Moravian Kras is the largest system in Europe karst caves, which includes more than 1000 caves. Only five are open to the public, the most popular being the Puncture Cave. Here you can not only admire stalagmites, stalactites and helictites, but also take a ride along the underwater river flowing into the lake.

Brno is one of the most beautiful and comfortable cities in the Czech Republic, famous for its numerous churches and the charming atmosphere of antiquity. At the same time, it is a lively and artistic center of cultural life in the Czech Republic, bright and festive.

More than one commander has “broken his teeth” against the strong walls of Brno in the past. The city was tested for strength by the Hussites, Swedes, Turks and the Prussian army. Only the cunning Napoleon did not besiege the bastions in vain, but simply ordered the strong ring of defensive walls to be blown up. Today, a ring road runs on the site of the former fortifications.

Brno is surrounded by a picturesque green plain in which medieval castles are lost. And in the city itself, tourists will definitely have something to occupy their time: ancient squares and neighborhoods beckon you to look around the corner, make another turn and get off the intended route. The city's cathedrals still remember the melodic chants of past centuries. Their eerie crypts, as before, are full of dark secrets.

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What to see and where to go in Brno?

The most interesting and beautiful places for walks. Photos and brief description.

The castle was built in the 13th century and first served as the residence of kings and margraves. By the 17th century, it began to acquire Baroque features and lose its Gothic appearance. During the time of the Austrian monarchy, a prison for dangerous criminals was organized on the territory of Špilberk. The gloomy dungeon operated until the middle of the 19th century. It became famous as the harshest prison in the Austrian Empire. Today, the castle houses an exposition of the city museum.

A functionalist villa built by architect L. M. van der Rohe in the 1930s. He also worked on the interior design of the building. In 2001, the building was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. The villa was built from exotic materials using advanced technologies at that time, so its construction cost a decent amount. The owners of the building left the country in 1938, so over time it became the property of the city.

Freedom Square is the largest in Brno and one of the oldest. It appeared back in the 13th century. In the Middle Ages it was surrounded by the houses of wealthy townspeople, which were rebuilt in the neo-Renaissance style XIX-XX centuries. In the middle of the square stands the Plague Column monument, erected in 1648 after the liberation of Brno from Swedish troops and the threat of a plague epidemic.

Since the 13th century, vegetables and poultry have been traded on the square, which is why it got its name. Over time, it was surrounded by magnificent palaces, but the bazaar continued to operate regularly (it still exists today). In the center of the square there is a baroque fountain “Parnassus” from the 17th century. The sculptural group depicts three civilizations: Greek, Persian and Babylonian. In the middle, Europe sits on a defeated dragon.

Brno Town Hall was built in 1240 in the Gothic style. Until 1935, its appearance changed, acquiring elements of Baroque and Renaissance. The city council has met in this building since the end of the 14th century. In the 20th century he moved to a new place. Today the town hall houses the Brno Cultural Center, where exhibitions and various events. Tourists are greeted at the entrance by local residents in national costumes.

Catholic church in honor of the holy apostles. According to sources, it was founded in the XI-XII (XIII) centuries. At first it was built in the Romanesque style, and several centuries later it was rebuilt in the Neo-Gothic style. The interior of the cathedral is made in the Baroque style. Two symmetrical towers 84 meters high were erected at the beginning of the 20th century according to the design of A. Kirstein. The building is recognized as one of the most valuable architectural monuments South Moravia.

The monastery is located on the square of the same name, which at first glance will not attract the attention of a tourist. Only the baroque monastery church is accessible for inspection; the rest of the buildings are not so easy to reach. Inside the monastery there is a crypt with the mummies of the first monks. The brothers were buried here in this form until the prohibitory decree of Joseph II of Habsburg. Today the tomb is open to visitors.

The church was built in the 13th century in the Gothic style. In the 16th century, a Renaissance tower more than 90 meters high was added to it. Not so long ago, the remains of more than 50 thousand people were discovered in the temple catacombs. The fact is that the local cemetery was filled up in the Middle Ages and old bones were simply piled under the slabs of the church to make room for new graves. Thus, over time, a large bone depository was formed.

In the museum you can see a collection of antique locally made cars, rare watch movements, cameras, typewriters and other instruments. The achievements of the aviation industry and the field of computing technology are also presented here. The collection is housed in 11 thematic rooms and occupies a fairly impressive area. The museum has a library, lecture hall and scientific laboratory.

The museum's collection occupies as many as five buildings: Prazhukov and Mistrodřiteli palaces, Jurković's villa, J. Hoffmann's house and another city mansion. The Moravian Gallery is considered the second most important in the Czech Republic after the National Gallery in Prague. In addition to paintings, it exhibits objects of decorative and applied art: ceramics, textiles, glassware and other masterpieces created by Czech masters.

The museum was founded in 1817. Today it is the largest and oldest in Moravia. Its collection contains about 6 million items, which are housed in several buildings. The main exhibition is located in a baroque mansion of the 17th century - Dietrichstein Palace. It became famous for the fact that reigning persons stayed here, and Field Marshal General M.I. Kutuzov also stayed for several days.

A unique exhibition that tells about the culture and life of the Moravian gypsies. The museum opened in 2003 after waiting for 12 years for future exhibitions from all over the Czech Republic and neighboring countries collected exhibits. Its appearance was made possible thanks to government funding and private donations from the settled gypsies of Brno. The museum has a library where rare documents and books are stored.

A scientific and entertainment complex designed to attract visitors’ attention to science and popularize natural science. The main focus, of course, is on Space - its properties, mysteries, problems and prospects. The complex includes a large and small planetarium, an observatory equipped with modern telescopes, an “explorarium” and an observation deck.

A scientific and experimental center where there is a lot of interesting things for adults and children. Visitors can conduct their own experiments here with the help of exhibits and study natural phenomena and comprehend physical laws. Sometimes the center hosts colorful shows where complex phenomena are told in a playful way, but these performances are given only in Czech.

The theater stage building was built at the end of the 19th century according to the design of the Austrian masters G. Gellner and F. Fellner in a mixed style with elements of neo-baroque, neo-renaissance and neoclassicism. The theater had electric lighting, which was a great luxury at that time. Today there are dramatic performances on stage, the troupe of the Brno National Theater performs here.

Opera stage of Brno, founded in 1965. The name is given in honor of the Czech composer. Architectural competition for best design the future theater was held from 1910 to 1957. In the end, the winner was a laconic and functional project without any classical or baroque elements. The auditorium is designed for 1300 people. Since its founding, more than 20 ballet and opera premieres have taken place on stage.

The karst massif is 25 km long and from 2 to 6 km wide. There are more than 1000 caves on its territory, but only 4 of them are open to the public: Baltsarka, Punkva, Stolbno-Shoshuvska and Katarzynska. This natural attraction is equally in demand among tourists and local residents. The Moravian Karst is one of the most impressive cave systems in all of Europe.

A natural monument in the vicinity of Brno on the territory of the Moravian Karst. Residents of the city and surrounding villages believed for a long time that the abyss had no bottom at all, until the local monk Lazarus Schopper descended into it at the beginning of the 18th century. But people still continued to tell dark stories about this place. The fault was formed as a result of the collapse of the arches of a large cave. Its length is about 180 meters and its maximum depth is 135 meters.

A medieval castle 13 km from Brno, located on a green cape near the Brno reservoir. It is one of the oldest and largest in the entire Czech Republic. According to legend, Veveří was founded by Conrad I of Brno in the 11th century. The structure survived several sieges and reconstructions. During World War II it was destroyed during fighting. Large-scale restoration began already in the 21st century.

The family estate of the noble Pernštejn family, located about 40 km from Brno on a rocky hill. The family lived here until the end of the 16th century. The building was erected in the 13th century in the Gothic style. Over the next centuries, minor changes were made to its appearance. Today tourists see the castle from the 16th century. In the past, it often became a film set for historical films.

The second name of the castle is Austerlitz, after the name of the city known since the Napoleonic wars. The very first building stood on the site of a Baroque palace back in the 13th century. Then it was redone in the Renaissance style, but only by the beginning of the 19th century it acquired the features of an elegant and magnificent Baroque. It was in Slavkov in 1805 that France and Austria signed an agreement after the devastating (primarily for Russian Empire) Battle of Austerlitz.

Memorial complex dedicated to the numerous victims of the Battle of Austerlitz. The main object of the composition is the Peace Mound, which is located on the battlefield and rises above the surrounding landscape. The monument looks like a mound. There is a cross on its top, and at the edges there are figures with shields, symbolizing the countries participating in the battle. Inside the mound there is a chapel and a crypt.

The menagerie appeared in Brno in 1937. In 1953 it moved to its current location. More than 300 species of animals (1,500 thousand individuals) live in the zoo. The number of guests is growing as the animals give birth to offspring. The local collection of birds and reptiles deserves special attention. For children there is a mini-zoo with piglets, kids and tame rabbits that you can pet.

The park is located near the historical center of Brno. Since the 16th century, it has been known as the “Jesuit Garden”, as these lands previously belonged to the Order of St. Ignatius. After the abolition of this monastic association, according to the imperial decree, the park was transferred to the city. By that time, it required updating, which is what the head gardener Brno A. Bisinger did. In 1788, Luzhanki opened to the public.

Fireworks parade that takes place annually in Brno. Thousands of tourists come to admire this spectacle. The festival usually lasts two weeks. Within its framework, colorful evening shows are organized every day, where participants explode the most bizarre fireworks, trying to impress the jury and spectators. The parade program also includes other interesting events.

Being the second largest city, the first, of course, is the capital of the Czech Republic, Prague, the city of Brno today is not only the industrial capital of the country, but also a large cultural and commercial center.

The royal dynasty of the Přemyslids began from this city. Brno is beautiful in any season, although spring here is extremely attractive with its uniqueness and beauty. Here the emerald-tender gardens are fragrant and through the young, still sticky foliage, you can see the proud silhouettes of castles and the sweet smoke of world-famous breweries.

And although most tourists traditionally flock to the capitals of countries, cities like Brno are in no way inferior to them in all respects. And the fact that the flow of tourists here is not as great as, say, in Prague, has its own advantage: you can get acquainted with many magnificent sights and beauties of the second capital without fuss, without jostling among numerous crowds of tourists. And there is something to see in the ancient city of the Czech Republic. In addition to the concentration of many world-famous places and attractions, Brno is famous for congresses and festivals of not only national but also worldwide significance. In a word, when you come to this city, you will find something to see; there is something for everyone here.

How to get there

Brno is located geographically in the south of the country. The city is ringed by two rivers – Svitava and Svratka. If you are going to visit Brno by taking a tour by plane, then there are several direct flights from Moscow; direct flights from Atlant-Soyuz and Yakutia airlines operate from here. The flight will take approximately two hours. You can get there by plane Czech airlines Airlines Brno from cities such as Bratislava, Vienna, Prague. The airport in the Czech city is Turany. It is located within ten kilometers from the central district of Brno, which can be reached by using bus route 76 or taxi services (300 - 400 CZK). Finding a city taxi rank is not difficult; as a rule, it is right there - in front of the terminal. You can book this transport in advance by calling +420 542 321 321. The journey to the city center will take a third of an hour.

If you are going to Brno by train from Olomouc, Bratislava, Vienna or East Moravia, then such a trip will take you an hour and a half. It takes a little longer to get there – about two and a half hours – from Ostrava and Northern Moravia.

Hotels

A trip to Brno can usually last a while, so there are some great hotels to choose from:

• Barcelo Brno Palace – from 7 thousand rubles.
• Hotel Cyro – from 4 thousand rubles.
• Hotel Slavia – from 3.5 thousand rubles.
• Brno Downtown Apart hostel – from 2 thousand rubles.
• U Heligonky – from 2 thousand rubles.
• Hotel Pyramid from – 1.5 thousand rubles.

City cuisine

Those who love to taste tasty and healthy food will always find a good place - after all, here is one of the most excellent cuisines not only in Brno, but far beyond its borders. If you try even a little of the local, crispy bread prepared by the bakers at Cejl 105, you will feel truly blissful. The bakery is located next to the Inter Spar tram stop.

And if you add to this pork knuckles, which local chefs season with a mixture of fragrant herbs: marjoram, rosemary and others, distinguished by an amazing palette of aromas, then you will not be taken aback by such food, as they say. This whole dish goes well with excellent Czech beer. Dessert lovers will not be offended either. The confectioners of the center of Brno are simply virtuosos in this matter: baking cherry strudels over a fire is a piece of cake for them. But the outskirts are not far behind: here they will prepare and serve you a portion of amazing lemon Lebanese flavored with blueberries. You shouldn’t refuse “toast” either - this is a hot snack made from excellent pork neck products, chili pepper and baguette. The most popular beers are Budvar and Urquell, which should definitely “decorate” your lunch; a glass of light wine is also suitable.

The following are recognized as excellent restaurants:

• Rialto Ristorante – on average costs 1,200 CZK;
• U Kastelana, – 1450 CZK.

Shopping

There is a store for everyone here. Those who adore the gloss of high life can visit Galerie Vankovka. At the entrance you will be greeted by luxurious showcases and bright showrooms; everything is exquisite and has popular brands plus excellent service. For those who are looking for souvenirs, there is the wonderful Olympia. There is a huge variety of original and even somewhat mysterious in their depiction of crafts, which were diligently crafted by Brno craftsmen. Gourmets also have something to see and not only see, but also taste in the wonderful establishments of Billa, Paneria and others.

After all, they will always have fresh supplies of the best organic products from nearby estates. What is there: fish, fresh meat, excellent wines, crispy bread made in the best bakeries in the city. The outskirts can be visited while simultaneously exploring the seasonal market, which hosts beer tastings every year, as well as bright and unforgettable fairs and many other equally interesting events.

Brno attractions

There are unique cathedrals and churches, many excellent theaters and galleries, magnificent castles and ancient monasteries. Walking through the streets is a great opportunity to breathe in the atmosphere of local city life. The main architectural attractions of the city are located in its central areas.

Here you can see the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, its spire is visible from almost every point in Brno, the Catholic Church of St. Jakub, under which the largest repository of bones in Europe is located, the Cathedral of St. Thomas, the Old Town Hall and many other attractions. The city center is the beautiful old squares of Brno. An excellent place not only for walks, but also for viewing unique architectural structures. Dominican, Isakovskaya squares, the largest - Svobody - they and other squares will be discussed below.

The central city areas are a large pedestrian zone that covers almost the entire territory of the historical center. In addition to cultural and historical heritage sites, tourists have the opportunity to visit cafes, restaurants and shops, of which there are a huge number.

Tourists who take children with them on a trip should definitely visit the city zoo. Its operating hours are simple: it opens at 9 am, and it is only half an hour’s walk from the center. Those who love theatrical art will also find something to see - there are about 20 independent and professional theaters and studios in Brno.

So, the main attractions of Brno, Czech Republic:

This unique building is located in the Black Fields. An architectural monument in the twentieth century Art Nouveau style was designed by a German architect. This is the only building of its kind in the country, which is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Steel, concrete, glass were used in the construction of the villa, and most importantly, an open plan was used. Which for the 30s of the last century was very original and literally changed all ideas about the architecture of such structures.

The villa was built specifically by the Tugendhat family. Its owners, Greta and Fritz, lived here for eight years until the National Socialists came to power. Only at the end of the twentieth century the villa was restored and took on its former appearance. Be sure to visit this building - it will give you the opportunity to see with your own eyes the embodiment of a technical idea that was able to surpass its time. The villa is equipped as if it were built today, and not almost a hundred years ago.

This building was originally built as a hunting lodge in the early eighteenth century. The castle, having a rich history, is currently one of the most ancient architectural monuments in the country. It is located in a wonderful place - it is a picturesque cape, which is located twenty kilometers from the city near two wonderful rivers.

This building has many years and interesting story. The castle was built in the thirteenth century as the main residence of the king and changed its appearance and interior decoration more than once. After all, there was a military fortification and a prison here - and there are still cells on the lower floor. Currently it is one of the main attractions of Brno. This is also due to the fact that he, in fact, laid the foundation for the city.

It is quite rich in expositions. After all, in terms of its size, it ranks second in the entire country. Its opening took place in the 19th century, thanks to famous and wealthy patrons who donated an original collection of works of art to the museum. Almost six million exhibits—valuable scientific materials—are stored here. The museum has fifteen departments.

Technical Museum

The four-story museum building is located in the northern part of the city. Here you can see a lot of interesting things related to the development of various technologies. This includes cars and motorcycles of the last century, plastic aircraft models of all times and countries, and much more. You can also see the technical games room, where there are objects that show physical laws at work.

Church of St. James

Below it, in the seventeenth century, the remains began to be stored in a three-chamber tomb. Already at the end of the next century it was overcrowded. It was decided to move it to the outskirts of the city. Soon the tomb was forgotten. When reconstruction work of the square was carried out at the beginning of the twenty-first century, an inspection of the dungeons was required, and an ossuary was discovered. Currently, this burial site is a popular tourist attraction.

Pernstein

To find out who is hiding behind the “White Lady”, you need to visit this castle. But I can tell you a secret - that’s the name of the ghost that settled here. The country at one time was popular not only as a country of romantic people, but also as the homeland of mysterious and magical creatures.

Cabbage Market

This is the name of one of the oldest squares, which began to be built at the beginning of the thirteenth century. The name was given to it for a reason, because for several centuries there was a brisk trade in vegetables and small goods, as well as poultry. Nowadays, those interested can also try even fried poultry. Here, at the cabbage market, is the Paranas fountain. It is a stone pedestal that rises in the center and depicts the goddess of Europe.

Freedom Square

It is considered the oldest and largest square in the city. In the Middle Ages it was called the "lower market". The houses of wealthy citizens and influential people stood here. From a bird's eye view, it resembles the letter "A" that has been turned upside down. In the center is a column called the plague pillar. She is a symbol of liberation from the Swedes and from the plague. The top of the column is decorated with the Virgin Mary and Child.

Three trade routes, intersecting, served as the beginning of the construction of the square. This happened in the eighth century. Since then, it has been not only the center of trade, but also the social life of Brno. On weekdays, fairs and sales were held here, and with the onset of holidays and weekends, various entertainment events took place.

Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul

This temple will amaze anyone with its splendor and grandeur. It was built at the end of the thirteenth century on a hill. It has two towers, almost a hundred meters high, the spiers of which reach into the sky and are visible far even outside the city. The cathedral is recognized in the Czech Republic as a cultural national monument. In the middle of the seventeenth century the building was severely damaged. Only a century later did it become possible to restore it. There are many legends associated with the cathedral. According to one of them, it is said that in 1645 the military leader promised to leave the city if he did not capture it before twelve o’clock in the afternoon. The bell ringer made a mistake and rang exactly an hour earlier. And by this time the city had not been taken. To this day, as a tribute to memory, the tower clock rings at eleven o'clock in the afternoon. The church is minted on a ten crown coin.

Old Town Hall

The building is located next to the Green Market Square and is considered the heart of Brno. The Town Hall is one of the oldest buildings, since its construction began in the thirteenth century. Only at the beginning of the fourteenth century did the ancient building begin to fulfill the functions that were provided for in the project. It embodied a number of architectural styles. And this is no coincidence, because the architecture of the city over its centuries-old history was influenced by the Austrians, Dutch, and Germans, which certainly influenced the appearance.
The town hall has been reconstructed and rebuilt many times. In the mid-seventeenth century, a shield and the city's coat of arms were erected on the building. Sessions of parliament and courts were held in it, and securities were also stored in it; the back wing was reserved for a prison. Currently, the town hall is a popular tourist attraction. Here you can watch various exhibitions and other interesting events.

Capuchin Monastery

A very famous tomb. Sixteen monastic remains found their final rest there. A special air circulation is created here, which is why they look as if they were alive. More than one hundred and fifty bodies of influential people are also buried there. Here you can read the following words: “We were like you. And you will be like us."

Planetarium

Together with the Observatory. Copernicus they are located on a mountain called Cow, this is the central part of the city. They were founded in the mid-twentieth century. It is a large dome with two hundred seats. Spectators, both adults and children, can enjoy listening to the interesting program that the observatory prepares for its visitors. Here you can learn a lot about the life of stars and the Universe, how they work. A virtual tour of space can be very exciting and exciting.

Reduta Theater

The city is rich in theaters; there are more than fifteen of them of all kinds. Among them, the most notable is one of the oldest European theaters - the Reduta. In Brno we became acquainted with traveling troupes back in the sixteenth century. Subsequently, a stage was specially built for them, choosing a suitable place in the tavern, and only then they began to build a theater here in the eighteenth century. In addition to productions, various social events were organized there. The theater on its stage even saw performances by Mozart himself, who was still a boy. Now the theater is looking for new forms of self-expression, which is sometimes reflected in scandalous tours.

"Goose on a leash"

This is the name of the avant-garde and very colorful theater, which is conveniently located in the city center - on the Cabbage Market. It is distinguished by its originality and, in fact, is the main alternative theater in the country. His popularity and success are evidenced by numerous victories in international festivals and competitions. His productions are always original and, coupled with the skill of the actors, cannot fail to impress and surprise even the most demanding viewer. Originality is Goose's credo, and it is visible in everything - in the wonderful and original design and performance.

City Zoo

An excellent attraction that will be of interest to both children and adults. In this zoo you can see many amazing animals, among them there are even Przewalski's horses - a species that is on the verge of extinction. In total, about eight hundred animals live in the beautifully designed territory, which gives pets the opportunity to walk in natural areas. Visitors can use the electric train to take excursions throughout all areas of the park. In addition, visitors who come here with their children will have the opportunity to visit the petting zoo, where children will be able to interact with animals directly: pet them, play with small herbivorous animals, and ride a pony. In addition to the zoo, nature lovers can visit the botanical garden and arboretum, which are located at the Gregor Mendel University.

Natural attractions

Brno is very rich in natural attractions.

The Moravian Karst is one of the largest karst zones in Central Europe. Karst areas contain more than one thousand one hundred different caves. Visitors are only allowed to visit a few of them, in particular:

• in Katerzynska. Here you can see many unique stalagmites, which differ in an unusual vertical position;
• in Baltsark. Here visitors will look at the colorful and varied stalactite “gathering” on the walls;
• in Stolbno-Shoshuvskaya. It will amaze you with its huge underground abysses and long corridors;
• in Punkva. For tourists, this will be a real journey to the underground river of the same name. Those who are not particularly timid may be curious about the rather impressive spectacle of the bottom of the Macocha abyss. This abyss was caused by the collapsed top of a huge cave. The chasm is also impressive. The abyss is 175 meters long and 75 meters wide. There are observation bridges at the top and bottom. From the bridge that is built in the lower part, you can see the bottom.

Luzhanki Park

It was opened to the first visitors at the end of the eighteenth century. Its design was entrusted to the chief city gardener A. Bisinger. As a result, it was furnished in a style that was modern in those years. The gardener’s efforts yielded results and were appreciated by the townspeople. Subsequently, the park was replenished with various exotic plants, more than one hundred and fifty species. Here you can admire the soap tree, Hungarian oak and maple-leaved sycamore. Currently, the park has expanded to twenty hectares.