Double-decker Boeing 777. How it is made, how it works, how it works

According to various world ratings, the Boeing 777 is the safest aircraft. The Boeing 777 is a wide-body turbojet airliner for long-haul airlines. The aircraft has been developed since 1991. The first aircraft entered service on June 7, 1995. The Boeing 777 is powered by two General Electric GE90 turbofan engines. Boeing 777 aircraft can carry from 300 to 550 passengers.

The Boeing 777 aircraft was developed entirely on computers. During the development of the airliner, not a single paper drawing was produced. All documentation was created using 3D design software. In addition, the Boeing 777 set a flight range record for aircraft with a take-off weight of 250-300 tons on the route Seattle (USA) - Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) with a length of 20,045 kilometers. The record was set on April 2, 1997. In 2013, the world flight range record was exceeded and the Boeing 777 covered a distance of 21,501 kilometers. The Boeing 777 aircraft can fly to any airport in the world practically without landing. The Boeing 777 has gained great popularity among all airlines and passengers. Since the 90s, several modifications of the aircraft have been developed. Boeing 777 family aircraft have crew rest areas: two chairs and two beds.

The total number of Boeing 777 aircraft produced (all models) in 2012 was 1,372 units.

Economy class cabin. The economy class cabin of the Boeing 777 can accommodate up to 555 passengers. The interior of the cabin is designed in the style of Boeing Signature Interior. The salon has enlarged luggage racks and the interior lighting is designed using an indirect lighting scheme. In the economy version, the cabin is equipped with ten seats in a row. Compared to previous Boeing aircraft, the 777 has larger windows. In 2011, the Boeing company decided to change the interior of the Boeing 777 cabin. The interior of the Boeing 787 cabin was taken as a basis. This program is called the common cabin experience.

Business and VIP class salon. In the 1st class cabin (business class) there are 6 seats in a row. Business class cabins have more space for passengers. The 1st class cabin is equipped with more comfortable seats. Some Boeing 777 aircraft are equipped with VIP class cabins. The VIP lounges have all the conditions for a comfortable flight. The chairs can be transformed into a full bed. Airlines Boeing 777 Imperial Cabin. Transaero has equipped several Boeing 777s with Imperial cabins. The Imperial salon was created for those who love luxury and comfort. Salon Imperial is the highest achievement of service civil aviation. The Imperial cabin passenger receives individual attention and excellent service. The best employees of the company work on board the Imperial cabins. The seats in the Imperial salon are upholstered in gold and can recline 180 degrees, turning into a bed. The seats are arranged so that there is a porthole near each one (possibly two portholes). The Boeing 777 Imperial cabins have excellent cuisine: they serve dishes of sterlet, venison, caviar and quail eggs. Passengers can also try desserts from French confectioners.

Boeing 777 diagram

Boeing 777-200
The first modification of Boeing. The first commercial flight took place on May 15, 1995. The Boeing 777-200 was developed for US domestic routes. The aircraft is designed for a route of up to 8,300 kilometers. The Boeing 777-200 is the base model. Boeing 777-200 aircraft were developed specifically for domestic transportation in the United States. The first Boeing 777-200 aircraft was purchased by United Airlines.

Boeing 777-200ER
Boeing 777-200 ER aircraft were purchased by the Russian airline Transaero. The Boeing 777-200ER is designed for long-haul airlines. Boeing 777-200 ER aircraft are designed for transatlantic flights. The ER (Extended Range) index means extended range aircraft. The Boeing 777-200ER set a record for the longest single-engine flight (ETOPS emergency flight) of two hours and 57 minutes. The Boeing 777-200ER is the best-selling aircraft in the world. In 2013, more than 500 777 model aircraft were in operation around the world.

Boeing 777-300
The Boeing 777-300 differs from the Boeing 777-200 by a longer fuselage (11 meters longer) and more fuel-efficient engines (savings up to 40%). The Boeing 777-300 is intended to replace the Boeing 747. In terms of space and flight range, the 777 is not inferior to the 747, but is superior in comfort and better flight performance. The first flight of the Boeing 777-300 took place on May 21, 1998. In 2010, Boeing developed a modification of the Boeing 777-300 ER for extended-range airlines. Boeing 777-300 ER aircraft were purchased by Emirates airlines for flights to Russia. Emirates operates 86 Boeing 777 aircraft. Boeing 777-300 were purchased by the following airlines: Air Canada, Singapore Airlines, Air France (the Boeing 777 Freighter model was produced for the French airline and is a cargo version of the Boeing 777),

Boeing 777F
The Boeing 777F is a cargo variant of the Boeing 777-200 ER. With maximum load, the Boeing can fly more than 9,000 kilometers. Boeing plans to convert the first Boeing 777-200 and Boeing 777-300 aircraft into cargo versions under the Boeing Converted Freighter program and will be designated Boeing 777 BCF.

Technical characteristics of the Boeing 777

Crew – 2 people
Cruising speed – 945 kilometers per hour
Maximum flight altitude – 13000 meters
The maximum flight range is 14,000 kilometers.
Maximum length – 73.9 meters
Maximum width (wingspan) – 60.9 meters
Height – 18.6 meters.

The best seats in the Boeing 777 cabin

Best places depend on the interior layout. We can talk about general features:
- it’s better to buy seats near the emergency exit, there is more space there,
- Comfort seats (from rows 11 to 16 in Boeing 777-300),
- any seats with three chairs, but not in front of the toilet,
- the seats next to the aisle are relatively more advantageous; you can stretch your legs for a while,
- when configuring a Boeing 777 aircraft according to the 2-5-2 scheme, when flying together, it is better to take pairs from the window.
- in all economy cabins of the Boeing 777 - the closer the seat to the nose, the greater the distance between the rows.
- the biggest shaking is felt in the tail, least of all at the wings,
- when the flight is not overloaded, it happens that there are no neighbors at all in the tail and there is more freedom than necessary.

One of the largest passenger aircraft Over the past 20 years, the Boeing 777 has been considered in Russian and world aviation. It is also called Boeng T7, which means Triple Seven, or “Three Sevens”.

The largest number of these airliners are operated by Transaero (14 aircraft) and Aeroflot (16 aircraft).

The layout of the Boeing 777 cabin, the best places to fly, technical characteristics - all this is in this article.

Brief description

This Boeing model is the very first in history; its design was developed in the 90s of the last century without paper drawings, entirely on a computer using special programs.

This is the most reliable airliner in the history of aviation, which carries out long flights without a single stop.

The Boeing 777 belongs to the wide-body passenger aircraft. It has been in operation from 1995 to the present day.

The capacity is 305-550 people, the flight range is 9,100-17,500 kilometers.

Technical characteristics of the Boeing 777

It is the largest airliner in the world with only 2 engines. These are powerful General Electric gas turbine engines. The landing gear consists of 6 wheels, which makes it different from other aircraft.

Let's look at the technical characteristics of the Boeing 777 for modifications 200 and 300.

Interior and interior layout

The Boeing 777, as noted above, has several varieties. Each of the modifications has 3 or 4 salons - each has its own layout, which directly depends on the customer.

The interior of the cabins is dominated by curved lines, indirect lighting, and wide luggage racks. The size of the porthole relative to the earlier ones is 380x250 mm.

Economy class capacity is up to 555 people. The seats are arranged 10 in a row. Compared to the first Boeing 777 models, since 2011 the interior has been modernized, making it more modern.

In business class, the seats are arranged 6 in a row, and they fold out into a full-size bed, which is very convenient during long-distance flights. Due to the fact that the total number of seats is smaller than in economy class, there is more space here.

Imperial class is designed for the most comfortable and expensive flights. Increased attention, additional services, best cuisine- all this for special guests.

The interior layout of a Boeing 777-300 operated by Aeroflot is shown in the photo below.

The best seats on the plane

Depends on the overall equipment of the cabin. When purchasing tickets, you can choose any seats, but it is preferable to find the most convenient ones so that the flight is pleasant and comfortable.

The best seats are located near the emergency exits: there is additional legroom. Convenient places in the Boeing 777-300, those located in rows 11-16 are considered - these are places where there are 3 seats in a row (except for those next to the toilet). Nice places located near the aisle - there is an opportunity to stretch your legs for a short time, but with pleasure.

- if the modification provides double seats near the window, then when flying in pairs it is better to choose them;

In economy classes, the closer to the nose of the plane, the wider the distance between the rows of seats;

Those in the tail shake the most, those near the wings shake the least;

If the airliner is not fully loaded with passengers, then there are fewer people in the tail and, accordingly, more space.

Of course, these are average figures, since different airlines have their own nuances in the design of the cabins of the aircraft they own, and it does not matter that in essence they are the same Boeing 777.

"Transaero"

The Russian aviation company Transaero owns 14 Boeing 777 aircraft. Of these, 9 are modifications of the Boeing 777-200.

This company uses configurations with a passenger capacity of 306 and 323 people, 4 and 3 cabin classes, respectively.

On the passenger aircraft usually only 3 classes. But the airline company supplements the standard set with additional subclasses.

In Transaero they are as follows:

Imperial;

Business class (premium);

Economic;

Tourist.

A photo of the interior diagram of the Boeing 777 (Transaero) modification 200 is presented below.

In imperial class, all seats are as comfortable as possible for flights. There are only 12 seats in the cabin, which can be transformed into a bed if necessary and desired. Near each seat there is an LCD screen and a table for eating or working on a PC. Exit to the bathroom directly from the salon.

Business class (premium) contains 14 soft and comfortable seats. But in the fifth row there are seats whose backrests recline to a limited extent.

Economy class is a spacious cabin with a large number of comfortable seats.

There are several places here that are not as convenient as the others: near the bathrooms, near the partitions and emergency exits(10th, 29th rows). The backrests of these chairs are limited in reclining.

Tourist class is a type of economy class. There are many comfortable seats here (for example, in row 30, A, B, H, K). Less comfortable seats include seats C, D, E, F, G in the 30th row, 42nd and 43rd rows at the end of the cabin.

Aeroflot

The Boeing 777 of this airline sends modification 300 for long-distance flights. The passenger capacity of these airliners is about 400 people, 3 cabins, 3 classes:

Comfort;

Business class is located at the front of the aircraft. There are 30 chair-beds in the cabin, arranged in a two-two-two pattern. The cabin has its own improved menu, drinks, Internet, a retractable table for working at a PC, the ability to charge a mobile phone or computer, and an individual approach to passengers.

The comfort class cabin seats 48 seats. These are rows 11-16. Comfortable seats with a width of 49 cm allow you to fly in comfort. Near each chair there is a retractable footrest, which allows you to recline. Provides individual lighting, table, monitor, charging socket mobile phone. In the 11th row there is fastening for a baby cradle. Can be pre-ordered separately baby food. Not the most comfortable seats in this class are located near the toilet.

Economy class is the most crowded, with a passenger capacity of 324 people. The seats are arranged in a two-four-two pattern. For each passenger, Aeroflot provided a blanket, pillow, slippers, and a sleep mask. There is a monitor to brighten up the flight while watching a movie or listening to music. It is possible to use the Internet for an additional fee. The width of the seats is 43 cm. In the 17th, 24th, 39th rows there are mounts for a cradle. You can ask for games and books for children - this is provided by the airline services.

- a long-range wide-body aircraft, is one of the largest twin-engine airliners in the world. Boeing considers this aircraft the most consumer-oriented in the world, since airlines and passengers took part in its creation.

Story

In the early 1970s, demand for air travel was growing rapidly and airlines urgently needed aircraft with large capacity. This is how the first generation of wide-body aircraft was born: the Boeing 747, McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. In 1978, after extensive market research and airline demand, Boeing introduced three new designs: the fuel-efficient twin-engine 757 (designed to replace the venerable Boeing 727), the long-range twin-engine 767 (to challenge the Airbus A300), and the three-engine 777 concept (to compete with DC-10 and L-1011). As a result, the 757 and 767 models made a successful debut, and the 777 project was canceled until better times due to lack of demand.

By the end of the 1980s, the market situation had changed, old aircraft were losing their relevance, and airlines needed new, more economical ones. At the same time, Boeing conducted studies that predicted further growth in demand for wide-body aircraft. Thus, there was an urgent need to have an aircraft that would fit in the niche between the Boeing 767-300ER and the Boeing 747-400.

The competitors did not relax either. McDonnell Douglas was preparing to replace the DC-10 with its lengthened MD-11 modification. Airbus was working on the A330 and A340 family of wide-body aircraft.

Development of the Boeing 777

Boeing initially planned to take the 767 as a basis and redesign it, resulting in the concept of the so-called 767-X. It was similar in many ways to the 767, but had a longer fuselage, increased wing area and could carry about 340 passengers over a distance of up to 13,500 kilometers.

However, the airlines were unhappy. They wanted an aircraft capable of flying not only intercontinental, but also shorter distances, with a cabin configuration similar to the Boeing 747, which, in addition, could be changed by adding or removing the required number of seats in a particular class of cabin. Another necessary condition was to reduce operating costs - they would have to be significantly lower than those of the Boeing 767. As a result, the original design was significantly redesigned.

In 1988, Boeing introduced the twin-engine Boeing 777 project. Airlines showed interest in it, and sales of the aircraft began in December 1989.

The 777 design process was significantly different from Boeing's past experience. For the first time in the history of the company, eight major airlines(All Nippon Airways, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, Delta Air Lines, Japan Airlines, Qantas and United Airlines) were involved in the design of the aircraft, assisting with recommendations. The process itself involved the creation of a working group called “Working Together”, the first meeting of which took place in January 1990. Airlines have created a list of recommendations based on their needs and passenger surveys.

In March 1990, the working group decided on the basic configuration of the aircraft: the cockpit should be unified with the Boeing 747, it should be equipped with liquid crystal displays and Fly-By-Wire control, the fuel efficiency of the aircraft should be 10% better than that of competitors (A330 and MD-11).

Later, Boeing admitted that thanks to this help, the 777 became the most consumer-oriented aircraft in the world.

The production site for the Boeing 777 was chosen to be a giant plant in Everett, Washington, the same one built in the mid-1960s for production.

From interesting facts, it is also worth noting that it became the first commercial airliner to be developed 100% on computers. During its entire development, not a single paper drawing was produced; everything was made using a three-dimensional design system, now known as CATIA. The plane was pre-assembled in a computer, which made it possible to avoid large quantity production errors.

On October 14, 1990, United Airlines became the first customer for the Boeing 777. The airline placed an order for 34 aircraft (with an option for an additional 34 aircraft).

Production

The Boeing 777 production process involved an unprecedented number of subcontractors from around the world. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries supply fuselage panels, Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd - the central section of the wing, Hawker de Havilland - elevators, Aerospace Technologies of Australia - rudder, etc.

As for engines, three companies offered their services: General Electric, Pratt & Whitney and Rolls-Royce. Each manufacturer took on the challenge of developing an engine rated at 77,000 lb (340 kN) and above.

To begin assembling the 777, Boeing had to virtually double the size of its Everett plant. This cost the company almost $1.5 billion. Two assembly lines were built in the new areas, which allow the aircraft fuselage to be rotated 180 degrees.

Assembly of the first Boeing 777 began on January 4, 1993. By that time, the aircraft had received 118 firm orders from 10 airlines. The total investment in the program amounted to more than $4 billion.

First flight and certification

On April 9, 1994, the first Boeing 777 with serial number WA001 rolled out of the hangar. More than 100,000 guests gathered to see the first copy.

The Boeing 777 first flew on June 12, 1994, with Boeing's chief test pilot, John E. Cashman, at the controls. After which an 11-month aircraft testing program began, which, compared to previous models, was supposed to be the most intense.

On April 19, 1995, the aircraft was certified by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Commercial operation of the aircraft began on May 15, 1995, when United Airlines took delivery of the first Boeing 777.

Around the same time, the airliner was certified under ETOPS-180 rules (flight safety rules, according to which the route of a twin-engine aircraft must be laid within a flight time of no more than 180 minutes to the nearest airfield where an emergency landing could be made in the event of an engine failure ).

Production and modifications

After the debut of the original model, Boeing began developing a version with increased takeoff weight and increased flight range. The model was originally given the name 777-200IGW (Increased Gross Weight - increased take-off weight), but later it was shortened to (Extended Range).

The Boeing 777-200ER made its first flight on October 7, 1996, and began commercial service on February 9, 1997 with the airline.

On April 2, 1997, a Boeing 777-200ER owned by Malaysia Airlines made a record non-stop flight from Seattle (USA) to Kuala Lampur (Malaysia), a distance of 20,044 km, the flight lasted 21 hours 23 minutes.

After the introduction of the 777-200ER, Boeing began developing a stretched version. On October 16, 1997, the aircraft took off on its first flight. In general, before its appearance, the 777-300 was the longest passenger aircraft in the world (total length - 73.9 m). Compared to the 777-200, capacity has been increased by 20%. Commercial operation of the aircraft began on May 27, 1998 with Cathay Pacific.

On February 29, 2000, Boeing offered airlines a new development, the 777-300ER, an aircraft with increased capacity and range. On February 24, 2003, the first flight took place, and its commercial operation began on April 29, 2004, by the airline.

The Boeing 777-300ER has proven to be the best-selling 777 model because it offers capabilities comparable to four-engine aircraft but has lower operating costs.

On February 15, 2005, Boeing introduced another long-range modification (Long Range). The first flight of this model took place on March 8, 2005. And on November 10, 2005, the plane set a world record (included in the Guinness Book of Records), flying 21,602 km without landing from Hong Kong (China) to London (UK). Flight time is 22 hours 42 minutes.

On May 23, 2008, Boeing presented the cargo version of the 777F (Freighter - “truck”), which was created on the basis of the 777-200LR. The aircraft's first flight took place on February 6, 2009. The first buyer of the aircraft was Air France, which began commercial operation on February 19, 2009.

Further developments

The Boeing 777 became the second largest aircraft in the Boeing line-up, after the flagship 747. Moreover, the 777 became the company's most profitable aircraft. In 2000, profits from its sales reached about $400 million. In 2004, the aircraft generated more revenue than the 747 and 767 combined. In 2007, orders for the second generation Boeing 777 reached 350 units, and in the same year Boeing announced that all production capacity to create the aircraft was occupied until 2012. There is no doubt that this has been a great success, but it has not been without its problems. In 2008, the 777 production program fell far behind schedule, with losses estimated at approximately $95 billion. In 2010, Boeing announced plans to increase production capacity from 5 aircraft to 8 by 2013. For reference, each 777-300ER takes 49 days to assemble.

In 2009, Boeing closely monitored their development of the A350 XWB, which promises to be more fuel efficient than the 777 and 787. Subsequently, the aerodynamics and engines of the 777-300ER were improved.

In September 2011, Boeing and General Electric published preliminary information about the new generation Boeing 777-8X and 777-9X. The aircraft's wingspan is expected to increase from 64.8 meters to 71.3 meters. Thanks to the use of composite materials total weight the aircraft should decrease from 352,000 kg to 344,000 kg (for the 777-9X version).

Meanwhile, General Electric announced the development of a new GE9X engine. Its diameter will remain the same as the GE90-115B (325 cm), thrust will be 88,000 pounds (390 kN) for the 777-8X version, and 99,500 pounds (443 kN) for the 777-9X version.

Rolls-Royce and Pratt & Whitney did not stand aside and also offered their services. In particular, the new RB3025 engine, based on the structure of the Trent 1000 and Trent XWB, as well as the PW1000G, has a power rating of up to 100,000 lb (440kH).

Today, Boeing continues to study the aircraft's capabilities and is developing an ultra-long-range version based on the 777-200LR, which has received the working name 777-8LX. The flight range of this model is 17,560 km (compared to 17,400 for the 777-200LR). The estimated fuselage length of the aircraft is 76.5 m, and the capacity is about 407 passengers. According to preliminary data, the 777-8LX is scheduled to enter service in 2019.

In November 2011, assembly of the 1000th copy of the 777-300ER, owned by Emirates airlines. Its presentation took place in March 2012.

At the end of 2011, the FAA assigned the 777 and 787 aircraft an overall Type Rating, thanks to common cockpits that pilots can gain proficiency on both models.

In the future, it is possible that 777 aircraft may be replaced by the new Boeing Yellowstone 3 family of airliners, which is based on Boeing 787 technologies.

Aircraft systems

With the 777, Boeing introduced a number of advanced technologies including: a fully digital fly-by-wire system, fully programmable avionics, a Glass Cockpit with Honeywell LCD displays, and a fiber-optic avionics network (which was present on the commercial aircraft). carried out for the first time). At the same time, Boeing used already known developments from the canceled Boeing 7J7 regional aircraft project, which had a similar level of technology.

The Boeing 777 wing has a supercritical profile optimized for a cruising speed of Mach 0.83 (after testing, the figure was revised upward to Mach 0.84). The wing design has a greater thickness and span than previous aircraft, allowing for increased range and payload, improved flight performance and increased cruising altitude. At the launch of the 777 project, it was proposed to develop folding wingtips so that airlines could use hangars for small aircraft, but no airline agreed to this option.

The Boeing 777 also has the largest landing gear and largest tires ever used on a commercial jetliner. Each tire on the 777-300ER's six-wheel main landing gear can support 27 tons, which is more than a Boeing 747-400.

The aircraft has three redundant hydraulic systems, of which only one is needed for landing.

In the wing fairing under the fuselage there is an emergency aircraft turbine - a small propeller that extends out of the aircraft when emergency situations to ensure minimal power supply.

Fly-By-Wire

The Boeing 777 became the first aircraft in the company's history to be equipped with a fly-by-wire fly-by-wire control system. However, for the convenience of the pilots, it was decided to leave the usual control columns. Along with the traditional control system using yokes, the cockpit has a simplified layout that remains similar to previous Boeing models.

The fly-by-wire control system is also equipped with flight parameter protection, which ensures that pilots' movements on the control levers do not exceed the established flight configuration limits. The system also prevents dangerous maneuvers. However, in case of emergency, the system can be turned off at the command of the pilot, if this is considered necessary.

Salon

The Boeing 777 cabin is designed in the Boeing Signature Interior style, it has increased luggage racks and indirect lighting. Seating configurations range from 4 rows in first class to 10 rows in economy class. The window size - 380x250 mm - was the largest of any commercial airliner until the introduction of the 787. The cabin layout allows airlines to quickly move seats, galleys, and lavatories depending on the desired configuration. Some aircraft are equipped with VIP lounges for charter flights. One of the features that deserves special attention is the development of Boeing engineers - a new hydraulic hinge for the toilet lid, which closes slowly.

On July 7, 2011, it was reported that Boeing had decided to replace the Signature Interior on the 777 with a new interior from the 787, according to the program to unify all Boeing aircraft.

Comfortable working conditions for the crew

In 2003, Boeing introduced crew rest areas as an option on the 777. They are located above the main cabin and are equipped with stairs. The seating area consists of two seats and two beds at the front of the fuselage, as well as several seats at the rear of the fuselage. In general, similar solutions are used on other narrow- and wide-body Boeing models, including new modifications.

The Boeing 777 in all modifications is a long-haul airliner capable of serving non-stop commercial flights lasting up to 18 hours. However, regulations of various aviation regulatory bodies, professional and trade union organizations limit the continuous work time of crew and flight attendants. For pilots' rest, seats are usually reserved in business class or special containers are installed in the luggage compartment, equipped with sleeping places and communication with the cockpit and cabin of the aircraft. Unfortunately, such solutions reduce passenger capacity or the volume of transported cargo. Therefore, Boeing proposed an original solution - to use the space between the luggage racks and the fuselage for this purpose (English-speaking engineers call this part of the aircraft the “crown”).

On Boeing 777-200ER, -200LR and -300ER aircraft, a pilot rest area is located at the front of the aircraft above the first class cabin. It includes two comfortable armchairs, 2 or 3 beds separated by partitions, a wardrobe, a TV and a washbasin. The entrance to this compartment is via the stairs located at door No. 1 (front left door). This solution allows you to free up from 4 to 7 seats in business class.

Rest areas for flight attendants are also provided in the space between passenger compartment and the fuselage, but at the rear of the aircraft. On the −200ER and −200LR modifications, entry is via a staircase in the central part of the aircraft, and the compartment itself is designed for 6 or 7 flight attendants. In the −300ER modification, the airline can order a compartment with a capacity of 6 to 10 people. Depending on the number of seats, entry is through a door, either in the central part of the plane (6-7 seats) or in the tail (8-10 seats). The compartment is equipped with sleeping places, lighting and communication with the cabin.

Installation of crew rest areas required rearrangement of the cabin space, rerouting of cables and lines, and even the development of some new systems.

In the cargo modification of the 777F, the entire internal space of the fuselage is completely occupied by cargo compartments, so 4-5 comfortable seats behind the cockpit are provided for resting the crew and accommodating couriers.

Boeing 777 modifications

777-200

Boeing 777-200 was the first aircraft in the 777 family. Basically, this modification was aimed at US airlines. Throughout history, 88 777-200 aircraft have been produced. Commercial operation of the aircraft began with United Airlines on May 15, 1995. The main competitor of the aircraft is the Airbus A330-300.

777-200ER

The Boeing 777-200ER, compared to the basic modification, has additional fuel tanks and increased take-off weight. The main purpose of the aircraft is transatlantic flights. The maximum flight range is 14,260 km.

The first 777-200ER was delivered to British Airways on February 6, 1997. The main competitor of the airliner is the Airbus A330-300.

777-200LR

The Boeing 777-200LR is the longest-range aircraft on the planet. Boeing called this model the “Worldliner,” indicating the airliner’s ability to connect virtually any two airports. The modification set a world record for the longest non-stop flight among commercial airliners. Flight range – 17,370 km. In a word, the modification is intended for ultra-long flights.

The aircraft was developed almost simultaneously with the 777-300ER. The Boeing 777-200LR has an increased maximum take-off weight and three additional fuel tanks in the rear baggage compartment. Other features include new wingtips, new landing gear and a strengthened airframe. The first 777-200LR was delivered to Pakistan International Airlines on February 26, 2006. The main competitor of the airliner is.

Boeing 777-300 is a modification extended by 11 meters. Thanks to this, the aircraft can accommodate up to 550 passengers in a single-class configuration. Initially, it was intended to replace outdated Boeing 747-100. Compared to older versions of the 747, the 777-300 has similar passenger capacity and range, but uses a third less fuel and has 40% lower operating costs.

The large length of the 777-300 forced the developers to provide a special ski under the tail to protect it from hitting the ground, as well as cameras for ease of maneuvering on the apron. The maximum flight range is 11,120 km, which makes it possible to serve heavily congested routes that previously only the Boeing 747 could handle.

The first 777-300 was delivered to Cathay Pacific on May 21, 1998. By and large, among Airbus aircraft there is no competitor for the 777-300, however, it is usually called .

777-300ER

Boeing 777-300ER is a modification with increased maximum take-off weight and capacity. The aircraft has extended wingtips, new main landing gear, a reinforced nose gear and additional fuel tanks. Also, the 777-300ER has been redesigned: the fuselage, wings, empennage and engine pylons. The standard GE90-115B turbofan engines for this model are today the most powerful jet engines in the world and have a maximum thrust of 513 kN.

The 777-300ER's fully loaded range is increased by approximately 34% compared to the 777-300. The maximum flight range of the Boeing 777-300ER is 14,690 km.

The first 777-300ER was delivered airlines Air France April 29, 2004. The main competitor is the Airbus A340-600. However, due to its two engines, the 777-300ER is 8-9% more fuel efficient than the A340-600, which has 4 engines. Compared to the 747-400, the 777-300ER has 20% less fuel consumption.

Boeing 777F – cargo modification. The aircraft inherited the airframe and engines from the 777-200LR modification, and the fuel capacity of the 777-300ER modification. With a maximum payload of 103 tons, the 777F is a direct competitor to the 747-200F (110 tons). With maximum load, the aircraft has a range of 9047 km. When the load is reduced, the range can be increased. Since the aircraft has the best performance characteristics Compared to existing cargo aircraft, airlines plan to replace the outdated 747-200F and MD-11F with the 777F modification.

The Boeing 777 has become a classic among modern passenger airliners. It is also called “three sevens”. This is a whole family of aircraft with a wide fuselage, which is represented by several modifications. These planes can be found in many places.

This passenger airliner designed for routes of different lengths. Compared to other aircraft, it is more powerful, economical and environmentally friendly. About the passenger capacity of the Boeing 777 and its others technical specifications we'll talk about it in this article.

In the 70s of the last century The company faced a serious problem in updating outdated models and creating aircraft that could compete with.

Its prototypes steel and . If you look at the photo of the Boeing 777, you will notice that it is similar to these models.

When creating the aircraft, the opinions of the passengers themselves were taken into account, which is why it became the most consumer successful in the history of the company. It was completely developed on a computer and assembled on it. There are simply no paper drawings of this aircraft. This is also the reason why many production errors were avoided.

In the early 90s Boeing began to design. The first company to use it is United Airlines. She started using it on her flights 5 years later.

Boeing 777 of Emirates.

The company with the most Boeing 777 models in its fleet is Emirates. In 2012 she got the 1000th who joined to 102 by plane, which were then available in the company’s park.

Today's modification of this series 777LR is an aircraft that is capable of covering the longest distances.

Specifications

This aircraft was specially designed for long-haul routes. It is capable of holding from 305 to 550 passengers. Much depends on the cabin layout, but overall capacity varies around this area.

The technical characteristics of the Boeing 777 aircraft are far superior to the company's previous families. The liner can cover distances from 9.1 to 17.5 thousand kilometers. He has already set a record for flight distance - 21,601 km.

The largest among passenger liners with two turbofan engines. They are produced by General Electric GE90, making them as powerful as possible.

Another feature that distinguishes it from other types of liners is the presence 6 wheels at the landing gear. 9% of the entire fuselage made of carbon-based materials, which is new in aviation technology.

Cockpit.

Innovations have also been made in the cockpit. From digital fly-by-wire control system to fiber optic avionics network.

Boeing 777 speed in flight - 905 km/h. Maximum speed can reach 965 km/h.

Its length is 63.73 m and its height is 18.52 m. The wingspan is 60.93 m. How much does a Boeing 777 weigh? If it is empty then 135,870 kg. At takeoff the maximum weight is 262,470 kg.

Interior features

The cabin of this airliner has a special, easily recognizable interior. It's done in curved lines. Shelves for hand luggage enlarged and the lighting is indirect.

Seat configuration - in Business there are 4 of them, and in Economy - up to 10. Inside the cabin, toilets, kitchens and the seats themselves can be swapped, as it is convenient for the airline. This gives them the opportunity to choose what the salon will be like.

Aeroflot Boeing 777-300 interior.

Were added special rooms where the crew could rest. They are located above the main cabin and are specially equipped with a ladder for this purpose. There are two chairs and two beds in the front and back of the aircraft.

Representatives of the 777 family

To designate the types of aircraft of this family, two characteristics are taken as a basis - fuselage length and range. The first of them determines how much cargo and passengers the plane can carry. Released versions of the 777-200 are the main types, and the 777-300 was developed in 1998, as an extended version.

If we consider flight range, then aircraft are divided into three groups or segments:

• A - up to 4200 nautical miles;
• B - up to 6600;
• C - up to 7800.

This was the first aircraft model for segment A. It was created primarily for flights within the United States.

Boeing 777-200ER

The letters ER stand for Extended Range, which means “increased range” in English. From the name it is clear for what purpose it was developed. It can take more fuel. Capable of carrying heavy loads, up to hundreds of tons.

Boeing 777-200ER.

He set a record when he was able to fly on one engine for 177 minutes. No passenger airliner in the world could do this except Boeing!

Boeing 777-200LR

The added letters have the meaning Longer Range or greater range. It can fly to almost any, even the most remote airport in the world. It was specially designed for very long flights.

Boeing 777-200LR.

It has three fuel tanks, and it can take even more cargo on board. Its other features are beveled wingtips. He has The landing gear was updated and the airframe was strengthened.

This is a longer model designed to replace the 747-100 and 747-200 variants. It differs from these aircraft in terms of fuel consumption and other materials.

Boeing 777-300ER

The two additional letters indicate that the aircraft is capable of flying longer distances. His wing tips beveled and elongated. The front pillar is strengthened. There are additional fuel tanks. This model's engines are superior in power to all others installed on aircraft.

Boeing 777-300ER.

Boeing 777-Freighter

This is an aircraft for transporting cargo. in this family. He is able to take on board almost 103 tons, and can fly over distances up to 9,047 km.

Boeing 777-Freighter.

In 2013 Boeing Corporation began developing this new model. It has not yet been put into mass production, but it is planned to do so by 2020. It will be a very large but economical aircraft.

Its capacity will be 353 passengers. It will be longer than previous models. It is planned to change the wing twist and fairings in order to increase the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft. This will give it an advantage over all other airliners in the world.

The Boeing 777-200 is the first airliner in the Boeing 777 or Triple Seven (T7) family of wide-body, twin-engine aircraft. The aircraft is designed for medium-long-haul airlines.

At the end of 1989, Boeing Commercial Airplanes began designing an extended version of the Boeing 767 aircraft with a wingspan increased to 63.73 meters. When designing, the new aircraft received advanced technologies at that time, as well as a new design. In mid-October 1990, the project received the designation Boeing 777, which indicated the emergence of a new family. And the first modification was designated as 777-200.

During the construction of the Boeing 777-200, to lighten the airframe structure, the use of composite materials was widely used, which occupy about 10 percent of the weight of the entire structure.

Boeing 777-200 photo

The new airliner was equipped with powerful turbojet engines with a high bypass ratio, Pratt & Whitney PW4074 with a thrust of 329 kN each. Subsequently, Boeing 777-200 aircraft used General Electric GE90-75Bs engines with a thrust of 334 kN and Rolls-Royce Trent 875s engines with a similar thrust.

The Boeing 777-200 was Boeing's first passenger aircraft to feature a fly-by-wire (FBW) control system. The aircraft used avionics manufactured by Honeywell, which complies with the improved computer data bus standard used in ARINC 629 avionics. Six multifunctional TFT displays are used to display all the necessary flight information and the status of on-board systems. The Boeing 777-200 was equipped with a mid-air collision warning system - TCAS (Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System). Today, according to ICAO standards, TCAS equipment must be installed on all aircraft designed to carry more than 19 passengers.

The first flight of the Boeing 777-200 took place on June 12, 1994. The airliner received FAA and JAA certificates on April 19, 1995. The aircraft's first operator was United Airlines, which received its first Triple Seven on May 15, 1995.

The aircraft cabin in a three-class configuration has 305 passenger seats. With a two-class cabin layout, 400 passengers can be accommodated. With an economical interior layout, the number of passenger seats is 440 seats.

On February 6, 1997, a Boeing 777-200ER was delivered to British Airways. This modification has a longer flight range compared to the Boeing 777-200, which is 14,305 kilometers, versus 9,700 kilometers of the base model.

Also, the Boeing 777-200ER has become one of the best-selling twin-engine passenger aircraft in the world. As of 2010, 415 units of this modification were delivered to more than thirty airlines.

The main routes of the Boeing 777-200 today are London - New York, Denver - Honolulu, Tokyo - San Francisco. And the main directions of the Boeing 777-200ER are London - Los Angeles, Tokyo - Sydney, Chicago - Seoul.

The main competitor for the Boeing 777-200 is the European airliner Airbus A330-300.

The best seats on the Boeing 777-200 - Vietnam Airlines

Technical characteristics of the Boeing 777-200 aircraft:

• Boeing 777-200 first flight: June 12, 1994
• Years of production: since 1994
• Length: 63.73 m.
• Height: 18.52 m.
• Wingspan: 60.93 m.
• Empty weight: 135880 kg.
• Maximum take-off weight: 262480 kg.
• Wing area: 427.80 sq.m.
• Cruising speed: 905 km/h.
• Maximum speed: 945 km/h.
• Ceiling: 13100 m.
• Flight range: 9700 km.
• Takeoff length: 3000 m.
• Run length: 1700 m.
• Engines: 2 x turbofans Pratt & Whitney PW4074 (329 kN), PW4077s (345 kN), General Electric GE90-75Bs (334 kN), GE90-76Bs (338 kN), Rolls-Royce Trent 875s (334 kN), Trent 877s (345 kN)
• Crew: 2 people
• Number of passenger seats: 440 seats in economy class

Boeing 777-200. Gallery.