The history of the name of the city Liberec. Open left menu Liberec

The Liberec Zoo is the oldest zoo in the Czech Republic. It is located near the city center, in a picturesque valley. Its area covers 13 hectares. On its territory there are both forests and rocky terrain, and a stream flows in the lower part of the range.

About 170 species of animals and more than a thousand individuals live in the Liberec Zoo. The zoo protects 10 endangered species listed in the Red Book.

Zoo Liberec is the only place in Central Europe where white tigers are bred. Also here is one of the best collections of birds of prey. Children will especially like going to the zoo - a children's corner is specially provided for them, where the smallest visitors can play with rabbits, guinea pigs and pet Cameroon goats.

town hall

The Town Hall is the hallmark of the city of Liberec. This magnificent Renaissance building was built at the end of the 19th century according to the design of the Viennese architect F. Neumann. In the 19th century, the city had a reputation as an industrial center of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy, so the town hall building being built reflected the wealth and prosperity of the city.

The town hall, which looks like a cathedral or a fairy-tale palace, was built for administrative purposes and still houses the municipality. Its middle tower has a height of 65 meters and a statue of a knight flaunts on its top. During the communist regime, a five-pointed star was installed instead of a knight, but after the revolution, everything returned as before.

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botanical park

The Botanical Garden in Liberce is one of the oldest in the Czech Republic, which contains the most valuable collections of plants from almost all over the world. Huge experience in plant growing was accumulated here, and many scientific papers were written.

The garden opened to the public in 1895. It was badly damaged during the first and second world wars, but nevertheless it was restored and developed. A grandiose reconstruction of the botanical garden took place at the end of the 20th century.

On its territory there are nine modern pavilions, which are arranged in the form of a flower. Each pavilion has a specific theme. In addition, large areas have been given over to rock gardens and rose gardens. A visit to the garden will delight with its beauty and will not leave you indifferent.

Bezdez Castle, with a large tower, about 40 meters high, has a pronounced Gothic style. This architectural monument is located 20 kilometers southeast of the Czech city of Česká Lipa.

The castle was erected by order of the Czech king Přemysl II Otakar, its construction lasted from 1264 to 1278. However, the king never lived to see the completion of the work - he died during the battle on the Moravian field. Built according to all the canons of the fortifications of that time, Bezdez Castle successfully protected the lands of Czech kings from the invasion of enemies, both internal, during the Hussite wars, and external, until the middle of the 17th century, was not captured and partially destroyed by the Swedes during the Thirty Years War.

In 1621, the castle was donated to the Benedictines by Albrecht von Wallenstein, and in 1666 the monks of the order transferred here from the Prague residence a copy of the Black Madonna from the Spanish Montserrat consecrated in Rome. Bezdez Castle becomes a place of pilgrimage, with up to 40,000 believers visiting it every year. In 1785, the Prussian troops captured the castle, and the further abolition of the monastery became the main reason for the desolation and further destruction of the walls and main buildings of the castle.

Only in 1932, a descendant of the former owners of the castle, Karl Wallenstein, together with the tourist club of Vartenberk, redeems the ruins of the family estate for a symbolic sum of 2,000 crowns. Currently, the top of the mountain is crowned by the surviving parts of the castle, two towers 30 and 45 meters high and a Gothic chapel. Work on the restoration of this architectural monument of the Czech Republic is ongoing to this day.

Friedland Castle

Friedland Castle skillfully combines two architectural styles - Gothic and Renaissance. The castle was built in the thirteenth century at an important strategic position - the intersection of two trade routes. Accordingly, the main function of the castle was to protect this route from robbers and robbers.

In 1622, the famous commander Albrecht Waldstein took possession of Fridlan Castle. During the Thirty Years' War, the castle had to engage in battles more than once - the Swedish troops tried more than once to capture the powerful fortification.

Today Friedland Castle is a museum and is open to everyone. During the tours, visitors will be invited to get acquainted with the collections of antique furniture, weapons, paintings and books from the 16th and 17th centuries.

Hische Castle

Hische Castle is located in the village of the same name in the Czech Republic. The first mention of its existence dates back to 1169, but it is possible that the castle was built much earlier than this year. Over time, the castle was turned into a fortress, but Hishe has survived to our time in a modified form.

The current appearance of the castle was acquired by him in the second half of the 19th century. The author of perestroika was Ignatius Ulman. The institution moved from the Renaissance to the neo-Gothic style. In 1917, the famous Czech writer Karel Capek worked as an educator in this building. Later, the description of the castle is found in one of his works - "Krakatit".

In the period from 1839 to 1841, a brewery was built in Hische, but it practically did not function. In 2007, the production of high-quality beer was restored, and now all tourists who come on an excursion to the castle are offered a tasting.

Center Babylon

The Babylon Center is a unique entertainment center with a four-star hotel and a conference hall in Libertsy. The center attracts not only citizens, but also those who want to have a good time from all over the region. This is a place where you can find entertainment for every taste at any time of the year. The Babylon Center is popular as a family getaway.

For entertainment, here are: an indoor water park in antique style with many water attractions, a sauna, a Roman steam room, an IQ park with over two hundred interactive informative exhibits about various areas of human life, climbing walls, a wellness center, an iodine salt cave, an amusement park with attractions, an indoor golf simulator and much more. In addition, for those wishing to linger: a four-star hotel and several shops, restaurants and cafes.

Museum of North Bohemia

The Museum of North Bohemia is considered one of the largest museums in the Czech Republic. It has a rich collection of exhibits that tell about the life of the Czech people in the northern part of the country, starting from ancient times. Different departments are represented here: applied arts, archeology, industrial production, music, history and natural sciences.

The museum is located in a luxurious neo-Renaissance building at the end of 19th century. In addition, the building houses an extensive library with an excellent selection of books on historical topics about the Czech people, as well as a collection of scientific journals from around the world.

The most popular attractions in Liberec with descriptions and photos for every taste. choose best places to visit the famous places of Liberec on our website.

More attractions in Liberec

Liberec is the capital of North Bohemia. The city was founded in the 13th century on the site of a fortress built in the area of ​​the ford of the Harkovitsky stream, and then grew into a city. It is Liberec that is the center of the Czech textile industry, for which it was dubbed the "Manchester of Bohemia". The population is more than 106 thousand inhabitants. Liberec is located just 100 km from Prague, which makes it a very attractive place to live for both Czech citizens and foreign students.

What is Liberec famous for?

Among the attractions in the city are the City Hall, whose 65-meter tower is visible from all points of the city; the Church of the Holy Crucifixion, the Church of St. Anthony and many other buildings.

Liberec is famous for its zoo, which celebrated its centenary in 2006, and the botanical garden, rich in various types of flora, was founded in the 19th century.

For those who like to go shopping, have fun and relax, there is simply a shopping paradise in Liberec - the Babylon shopping center, which covers an area of ​​​​about 5.5 football fields. "Babylon" is famous for its abundance of shops, restaurants, wine cellars, it also has a discotheque, game rooms, bowling, a business center and even aqua and amusement parks.

A popular tourist spot is the top of the Jested hill, where the television tower is located. Like many other major TV towers in the world, it offers tourists a lot interesting entertainment. Within its walls is a small hotel, a restaurant with a panoramic view of the city and the highest in the city viewpoint. Vacationers can get to the top of the hill by cable car, which in itself will be an unforgettable adventure.

Jested is not only an interesting sight in the form of a TV tower, but also an incredible view of the Jested-Kozakov mountain range. This is a favorite place for tourists and locals for photo shoots and a relaxing holiday in the company of loved ones.

The city has an original science and entertainment center iQLANDIA, from which children and adults will be delighted. This visitor center is equipped with many themed rooms dedicated to the natural world, scientific achievements and robotics, various fields of science and space topics. In each hall, visitors will find unusual interactive attractions and exhibitions. While visiting the center, everyone will be able to learn a lot of new and interesting things about the world around them.

Transport

In Liberec 4 tram lines, and one of them (No. 11) is intercity, reaching the neighboring town of Jablonec nad Nisou. During the day, trams run every 10 minutes, becoming an important help in moving around the rather big and rather hilly city. Please note that the tram tracks in the city center have three rails, since the city routes operate on a wide gauge (1435 mm), while the route to Jablonec operates on a narrower 1000 mm. There are also about 30 bus routes in Liberec. Schedule convenient to watch through IDOS.

single ticket for 40 minutes (with transfers) can be bought for 24 Kč. At some stops there are stationary ticket machines selling the same tickets for 20 Kč.

The science

The city is home to one of the best technical universities Technická univerzita v Liberci, which is known for its training programs in the textile and automotive industries, as well as in the field of nanotechnology. Every year the university accepts about 10,000 students, a third of which are foreign applicants. Education is conducted at 7 faculties in more than 200 different disciplines. "Technická univerzita v Liberci" pays special attention to scientific research, which is carried out in close cooperation with the largest industrial enterprises in the Czech Republic, which is why graduates of this university never experience problems with employment.

Our programs in Liberec

The city of Liberec is suitable for recreation at any time of the year. In summer it is the starting point for trips in the Jizera Mountains, and in winter to the popular ski center. The city is also proud of its glorious history.

Liberec is a city where the past lives next to the present, historical buildings harmoniously coexist with masterpieces of new architecture. It is worth visiting for people with different priorities: connoisseurs of art and antiques, lovers of leisurely walks and active entertainment.

The city stands on both banks of the Nisa-Lužycka River, at the foot of Jested and the Jizera Mountains. It is located in northern Bohemia, near the German border.

Attractions

Benes Square

North Bohemian Museum

Liberec castle

Church of St. Anthony the Great

Church of St. Cross

David Cerny Bus Stop

Botanical Garden

Center Babylon

IQ park Liberec

TV tower and Jested mountain hotel

The symbol of the city is the futuristic Ještěd TV tower (or Ještěd), built in 1966–73. on Mount Ještěd according to the plan of Karel Gubachek. The silhouette of the 100 meter tower blends perfectly with the conical peak and the surrounding landscape. For the elegance of the concept, the project was awarded the Auguste Pere Prize. The tower has a panoramic restaurant and a hotel.

Benes Square

Benes Square and Town Hall, photo moopy2011

The center of the Old Town is the picturesque Benes Square (náměstí Dr. E. Beneše). Its architectural ensemble was formed in the 19th-20th centuries, but several buildings from earlier periods have been preserved.

town hall

The Town Hall (Liberecká radnice) is a neo-Renaissance building with a 65-meter tower. A tall spire above the central dome is crowned by a statue of Roland. Liberec Town Hall, built 1888–93 designed by Franz Neumann, included in the UNESCO register.

North Bohemian Museum

North Bohemian Museum (Severočeské muzeum), photo by SchiDD

The North Bohemian Museum (Severočeské muzeum) is an architectural masterpiece of 1897–98, designed by F. Ogmann. It presents items of decorative, applied and handicraft art of Northern Bohemia, archaeological and historical exhibits.

Liberec castle

Liberec Castle (Liberecký zámek), photo by SchiDD

Liberec Castle (Liberecký zámek) is an elegant red and white building in a classical style. Built in the 16th century, destroyed by fire, reconstructed: only the bell tower has been preserved from the old appearance. The castle is closed to visitors today.

Church of St. Anthony the Great

Church of St. Anthony the Great (Kostel svatého Antonina Velikého), photo by Gerhard Palnstorfer

The Church of St. Anthony the Great (Kostel svatého Antonína Velikého) was built in 1579–87. in the late Gothic style. In 1733 it was rebuilt after the devastation of the Thirty Years' War; since 1957, new bells have been installed on the 70-meter tower.

Church of the Holy Cross

Church of St. Cross (Kostel Nalezení svatého Kříže), photo by Hana Kubíková

Church of St. Cross (Kostel Nalezení svatého Kříže) was built in the 17th century by the Italian architect Marco Antonio Canevalle in the Baroque style. In cross section, it has the shape of a cross. The interior decoration is in the Rococo style. The ceiling is decorated with a fresco from 1864. Above the altar there is a picture, the authorship of which is attributed to A. Dürer. But this is an erroneous opinion, the work of his student.

"Feast of the Giant" by David Cerny

Bus stop Sokolská u zdi, photo Angelina Dmitrieva

The Sokolská u zdi bus stop is an unusual object in the urban environment. This is the creation of David Cerny "Feast of the Giant" (Hostina obrů). The stop is a huge table. Bronze chairs are installed for passengers. Upstairs, on the vault-table, a strange meal is laid: mugs, a vase, a dish with the head of Konrad Henlein, the Reich Chancellor of these places during the fascist occupation, from which a knife and fork stick out.

Botanical Garden

Botanical Garden (Botanická zahrada), photo by Aktron

In the Botanical Garden (Botanická zahrada) of Liberec (1895), 9 exhibition pavilions and 9 greenhouses with different types of flora were built. There is a greenhouse of orchids, a rock garden, a rose garden.

Entertainment center "Babylon"

Entertainment center "Babylon" (Centrum Babylon), photo Rawac

The entertainment center "Babylon" (Centrum Babylon) with an area of ​​30,000 m² is the pride of the city. The complex includes a hotel and a conference hall, an amusement park and an interactive park, indoor golf, a bowling alley, shops and restaurants. Waterpark "Babylon", stylized as an ancient resort, covers an area of ​​5,000 m². Many attractions and slides are installed here, grottoes, a solarium, and a jacuzzi are equipped.

IQ park Liberec

IQ park, photo by emik

iQPARK is the first Czech IQ Park science center in Liberec. It is located on 4 floors. Various interactive exhibits that glow, move and make noise invite you to play and learn the laws of nature. At the weekend, there is a science show where they show experiments with liquid nitrogen or gas, with a Van de Graaff generator. At IQ Park you can even make your own perfume.

History paragraph

Liberec was first mentioned in documents in 1352 under the name Reichenberg. The rights of the city were granted to him in 1577 by a letter of Rudolf II. Since 1579, the first weaving factory began to work here. In the 19th century, the heyday came: textile enterprises, metallurgical plants were opened; buildings were built in neo-Renaissance and classical style. In the XIX-XX centuries the city was the center of Sudeten Germany.

Holidays and events

Liberec is a city of textile workers. Professional festivals, fairs, exhibitions of local products often take place here.

City holidays are held on Benes Square. Here they celebrate the beginning of summer, show performances, arrange international meetings of bikers, dance and jazz evenings.

What to see in the surroundings

Zoo Liberec, photo by DemonioCZ

In a picturesque valley near the city, there is the Liberec Zoo, which has been operating since 1919. In the area of ​​Zoo Liberec, on an area of ​​13 hectares, mountain and forest landscapes are equipped, a stream flows. White tigers are bred here, they contain 170 species of animals.

On Mount Ještěd, in winter, he works with resort infrastructure, a springboard, and evening lighting of the slopes. In the warm season, hiking trails run along the local slopes.

In the park on the territory of the Vysoke nad Jizerou (Jizera Mountains) reserve, there is a four-storey modern mansion - Kramářova Vila, built in 1927–31. as the residence of the Czechoslovak premier.

25 km north of Liberec is a city with a beautiful town hall and a Renaissance castle-museum.

20 km to the northwest stands Grabshtejn with the castle of the same name, founded in the 13th century and restored.

Castles and are located 18–20 km south of Liberec.

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Liberec(in Czech Liberec, in German Reichenberg) is a city in the north of the Czech Republic in the district of the same name in the Liberec region. It is a regional center with a population of more than 105 thousand inhabitants (as of February 6, 2009), one of the founders of the Nisa Euroregion.

Position

Liberec is located about 91 km north of Prague. The city of Liberec lies in the Liberec Hollow, on a part of the territory of the Zhytava basin between the Jestedsko-Kozakovsky ridge and the Jizera Mountains. The basement of the town hall is located at an altitude of 374 meters above sea level, the highest point of the cadastral territory of the city is the peak of Ještěd (1012 meters above sea level), the lowest point is in the urban area of ​​Mahnin (325 meters above sea level). The Luzhitskaya Nisa River and its tributaries, for example, the Black Nisa and the Hartsovsky stream, blocked by the Gartsovsky dam, flow through the city. Natural water areas within the city are fish ponds, in particular: Vesecki (the so-called Teich), Kachak (Zabak) in Krasnaya Studanets and Seba.

Until 1939, the city was located on an area of ​​6.2 km², which is currently the historical center of the city. After joining 11 settlements in 1939, 23 more settlements entered the city in 1954, 1963, 1976, 1980 and 1986. After 1989, on the contrary, four settlements separated from the city. Currently, the total area of ​​the city of Liberec is 106.1 km². Of this territory, 37.5% is agricultural land, almost half is meadows and pastures. Two thirds are lands occupied by forests.

Climate

Taking into account the data on temperature and precipitation in the city, it can be concluded that the weather in the city is determined by its position in the temperate climate zone, as well as its location in a basin between two mountain ranges. Due to the fact that their mountain ranges serve as a kind of accumulator for the moist Atlantic air penetrating here; precipitation is quite plentiful in the city. Their approximate sum is 803.4 mm per year - the rainiest month is August (with 88.4 mm of precipitation), and the driest month is February (with 46.2 mm). The average air temperature is 7.2°C, the most warm month is July (with 16.2°C), the coldest is January, when the average temperature is −2.5°C.

Name

The origin of the name of the city has not yet been determined, which has been the subject of many discussions, often with national overtones. Perhaps the oldest mentioned names are Reychinberch from 1352 and Raichmberg from 1369. If the suffix -berg in German means "mountain", then the word reich is translated as "rich". Since, however, the then settlement did not have any wealth, it can be assumed that this name either reflected the desire of the settlers, or was brought from Germany.

Apparently, at the end of the 13th century, on the trade route from the Czech Republic to Luzhytsa, a settlement arose in which merchants had the opportunity to rest after the hard overcoming of the Eshted Range. The first mention of this locality dates back to 1352. At that time, Liberec was much less known than neighboring Hradok na Nis or Frydlant.

The first famous owners surrounding territories were the Biebersteins. An important contribution to the development of the city was made by representatives of the Redern family, who built a Liberec castle with a beautiful chapel, a hospital and other buildings here: during their reign, Emperor Rudolf II in 1577 granted Liberec the status of a city. Since then, the emblem of the Redern family has flaunted on the coat of arms of the new city - a silver circle. Katerzyna from Redern initiated the construction of the town hall in 1599-1603. In the same period, an impetus was given to the construction of the first stone buildings in the city.

When the Rederns left Frydlant, Liberec and their environs after the Battle of the White Mountain, Albrecht from Waldstein inherited these regions. The new owner turned the city into a cloth factory, in which he dressed his army. He also founded New town(Nové Město) in the area of ​​today's Sokolovskaya Square, built up with half-timbered houses. The last three houses, called "Valdshtein huts", remain in Windy Street. After the death of the governor, Liberec passed into the hands of Matthias from Gallas.

The golden period for the city of Liberec began in the 18th century, when the textile industry began to develop. Initially, the original guild production was transformed into a more progressive manufactory: 800 cloth-makers, 480 apprentices and more than 1,000 of their assistants worked in the city. Liberec became the largest manufacturing city in the Kingdom of Bohemia, in 1850 it became a statutory city, second only to Prague in its importance. The importance of the city increased even more when the manufactories turned into textile factories.

At the beginning of the 19th century, a number of very representative buildings appeared in the city, corresponding to its importance as a second largest city Czech Republic. This century was the golden age of the city, many magnificent villas, modern schools were built, in 1859 a railway from Pardubice and Zittau was brought to the city. During this period, the industrialist Johann Liebieg founded the factory Johann Liebieg & Comp. (subsequently - the factory "Tekstilana"). The city had 3 consulates, 50 textile factories and 60 metalworking enterprises, including RAF car factories. At the end of the 19th century, the town hall and the theater were also built. Liberec was at that time a predominantly German city with a 7% Czech minority. The era of prosperity ended with the outbreak of the First World War. On the site of the current Ostashov quarter, a concentration camp for more than 40 thousand Russian and Italian prisoners of war then arose.

After the emergence of the Czechoslovak state in 1918, the ethnic composition of the population became a problem. In order to prevent the Sudeten Germans from becoming isolated in the country where the Czechs would rule, they founded German Bohemia in the northern border province with their own government, their own currency and the city of Liberec as their capital. Their desire to join Germany or Austria was put to an end by the Czechoslovak army, which almost without a fight took possession of this territory.

In 1935, the Sudetendeutsche Partei (Sudetendeutsche Partei) won the elections in the city of Liberec. Its leader was Konrad Henlein, a local resident from the village of Vratislavice on Nis. After the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland went to the German Third Reich and almost the entire Czech population in 1938 was expelled to the interior of the country. Liberec has become main city new Sudeten administrative region and the residence of the governor. In 1939, as a result of the annexation of 11 suburban settlements to the city, the so-called Big Liberec was formed. Second World War did not significantly affect the city, but led to a change in the structure of its industry. After the end of the war, the Germans were evicted from the city for two years.

In 1949, Liberec ceased to be a statutory city and became the center of the Liberec region. However, in 1960 this region was liquidated and Liberec again became a district town in the North Bohemian region, governed from Ust na Labe.

In August 1968, the occupying troops of the Warsaw Pact passed through Liberec. The result of this was the death of 9 innocent victims (a monument to them is now on the town hall) and the destruction of the facades of houses on the current Edward Benes Square. The invasion caught Vaclav Havel in the city of Liberec.

After the "velvet revolution" in 1989, Liberec again became a statutory city in 1990. Currently, many transformations are going on in this city. A large-scale reconstruction of the dilapidated city center is underway. After the collapse of textile enterprises, the issue of industrial restructuring is on the agenda, new industrial and commercial zones are emerging.

City division

Liberec consists of 25 cadastral areas with 32 local units administered directly by the Liberec magistrate, as well as one self-governing urban area formed by a single cadastral area.

Economy

textile industry

The traditional industry in the city has always been the textile industry - especially the production of cloth and linen. The first cloth masters Urban Hoffmann from Zavidov and Christopher Krause, who had studied in Frydlant, came to Liberec in 1579. They processed the wool of the sheep of Rödernov and also the surrounding estates. In 1579–80 the society of cloth makers created its own dye house, and the feudal lords ordered the installation of a cloth machine. Thanks to this, the quality of cloth improved, which began to be traded in markets and fairs.

Due to the growing importance of the cloth trade, on February 21, 1599, the city received appropriate privileges, according to which the Liberec cloth workshop was formally established. At the time of its founding, it had 10 masters, but due to the rapid progress and growth of production over the next 20 years, 23 new masters of cloth-making craft appeared, who became the richest and most respected residents of the city.

Significant progress in cloth making was made under Albrecht of Waldstein due to his position at the head of the army. The volume of military orders for new uniforms was significant, and although payment was made irregularly, delivery times were short. Therefore, the best source of income for cloth makers was the fulfillment of orders from officers and officials. Due to the growing volume of production, the workshop accepted an additional 75 craftsmen into its ranks and had 103 apprentices at that time. In 1632 a new cloth-making machine was installed, and in 1633 a new dye-house.

After the Thirty Years' War, due to the numerous emigration as a result of the anti-reformation, there was a rapid decline in production. But even despite the unfavorable economic situation and large payments to the Galla family, Liberec remained the largest cloth manufacturer in the Czech Republic in the 18th century. In 1728 the Guild of Clothmakers had 419 members, followed by the Guild of Linen Manufacturers. The members of these guilds worked mainly in the suburbs, and there were 60 craftsmen in the city itself, about a tenth of the total number of linen weavers in the Liberec region.

If in Linz the first manufactory for the production of fine cloth appeared as early as 1672, then the Liberec workshops strongly defended themselves against this “innovation” and even demanded the destruction of the manufactory, founded in 1710 in the village of Planice near Klatov. The quality of the guild cloth, however, was getting worse compared to the manufactory, so the government sought to modernize the production of cloth in the monarchy by gradually limiting the privileges of the guilds and, thereby, stimulating the exit of specialists from them.

The first cloth merchants also came out of the guild masters. One of the first among them was Gottfried Möller from 1780. It was he and the workers dependent on him who created the first extensive manufactory. The next such manufacturer was Johann Georg Berger, who at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries became one of the largest textile manufacturers in the Czech Republic. Berger was also the first who, in 1808, tested a new machine technology for spinning wool in the village of Strazh on Nisa.

At the beginning of the 19th century, 4 manufactories and 8 large cloth merchants operated in the Liberec region. Production was mechanized. The first spinning machines were used by the Anton Tum company in Katerinki, in 1800 there were 200 mechanical spindles in operation, and in 1841 there were already 50,000 thousand of them. Most of the production mechanisms were driven by water wheels: more than 100 of them were installed in the vicinity of the city.

These first entrepreneurs - Möller, Berger and Franz Ulbricht - although they created concentrated manufactories, they could not transform them into large factories and all their companies fell into decay under the pressure of stronger trading houses. The textile factory empire in Liberec was founded by Johann Liebieg, his company Johann Liebieg & Comp. employed almost 8,000 people and had an annual turnover of 2,490,000 gold pieces. The old workshops have already lost influence and have been replaced by so-called subcontracting companies.

Wool production peaked in 1867-72, but then, however, a crisis occurred: first due to the opening of the market for English textiles, and then after the collapse of the Vienna Stock Exchange on May 9, 1873. The crisis ended only in 1879, during the crisis the majority disappeared small enterprises, on the contrary, emerged stronger from it.

After the emergence of the Czechoslovak Republic, there was a weakening of German enterprises, whose owners sold their products mainly in Austria and Germany. Other factors were DM inflation, remoteness from sources of raw materials, lack of energy, and being off the main thoroughfares.

The Liberec textile industry had to rely on cheap labor and began to lag behind the rest of the world. The global economic crisis hit the textile industry in the Liberec region hard, and firms were forced to reduce the number of employees to a minimum and limit production. A total of 26 businesses with more than 2,000 employees have stopped working altogether. The situation began to improve in 1935, during the Second World War there was a shortage of raw materials again, a number of enterprises were transferred to the production of military products.

In 1945, all German textile firms were confiscated, and a year later they were nationalized. In the city of Liberec, this affected the companies Johann Liebig, Germinghaus & Comp., Hoffmann & Gettwer, C. Neumann & Sons, United Dye & Comp. and "Tekstilana". Since these enterprises in state hands were supposed to be sectoral, departmental, they became part of some extra-Liberetsk national enterprises. Liberec, on the contrary, on March 7, 1946 became the location of the Czech Woolen Mills. After all the confiscations, this enterprise, which adopted the name Textilana on September 18, 1948, consisted of 39 factories with 9,000 workers.

At present, the textile industry in the city is experiencing better times. At present, Interlana and Elmarko – production of nanofibers operate in this industry.

Tekstilana employees gradually moved to other enterprises or were fired. In 2003-2004 the entire territory of Textilana was cleared. On March 5, 2005, the factory chimney was blown up last.

Liquidation of the pipe of the Tekstilana factory

Phase 1

Phase 2

mechanical engineering

This industry is dominated by the automotive industry and especially the production of plastics processing equipment. In the past, the production of textile machines was famous.

Textile engineering companies

• "Elytex".

Automotive companies

• "Reichenberger Automobil Factory" (Liberec Automobile Plant in 1907–1916);
• "Cadenze Innovation";
• Denso.

food industry

• The company "Lipo" has now discontinued the production of confectionery products, including bombons of the same name.

Building

• Syner Company.

Transport

Liberec received a railway connection in 1859, when a line was opened to Pardubice and German Zittau. Today, five single-track and non-electrified railways, included in the national railway system, leave the city, with the exception of the line to Tanvald, which is a regional road.

Czech Railways operates a cab cable car on Jested with a length of 1188 meters and a height difference of 402 meters, whose lower station is located in the Liberec district of Gornji Ganychov, not far from the terminus of public transport. Another cable car (there are four in total) in the vicinity of the city of Liberec is used by a private company. Only one of the cable cars is operated in the summer season (the cable car Liberec - Skalka), the rest serve only skiers in.

Automobile transport represents first of all the expressway R35 (E442), with which the R10 highway to Prague joins in Turnov. Other highways go, for example, to the cities of Jablonec (and from there to Harrachov and to Poland), Frydlant, Decin, Novy Bor, and also to the German Zittau.

Liberec has a small the airport with a solid strip now used by the local flying club and as the base of the Aviation Rescue Service.

City public transport

Liberec city public transport(GOT) is formed from the system of bus and tram routes used by the Transport company of the city of Liberec. Its central place was the GOT terminal on Fyugnerova Street.

Liberec started using his own tram transport in 1897 on the site from railway station to the current zoo. Today Liberec has two tram lines: the route between Horni Ganykhov and Lidove Sady, called city ​​tram line, built with the original gauge of 1000 mm and reconstructed in 2005 to the standard gauge of 1435 mm, as well as intercity tram line between the cities of Liberec and Jablonec on Nis. The once existing line to Roglice and Ruzhodil was dismantled in 1960.

The intercity tram line will have its own track only on the section Liberec - Vratislavice, then it will go along a parallel railway. The option of hybridization of the rolling stock of the so-called light railway, which in the future under the project "Regiotram Nisa" will also connect other cities of the Nisa Euroregion: Zittau, Eleni Guru, Tanvald, Harrachov and Zelezny Brod.

Ticket prices have been the shadow side of Liberec city transport in the past. Namely, the tariffs were the most expensive in the republic. In 2004, these fares were reduced: a ticket for an adult for travel within 20 minutes began to cost 10 kroons, for 45 minutes - 16 kroons. From January 1, 2008, new ticket prices began to operate in the city, a ticket for an adult for a journey of 40 minutes began to cost 16 kroons, for a child - half as much. Since 2007, in the city of Liberec, as in Prague, travel tickets wide format.

culture

Theaters and theater promotions

• Maly Theatre;
• Naive theater - puppet theater;
• Short Percussion Theatre;
• Theater without curtains;
• Theater festival "Matezhinka".

Cinemas

• "Warsaw";
• "Linden";
• "Movie Star".

Educational institutions

• The regional scientific library - the so-called "Building of Reconciliation" - a new library and synagogue, opened in 2000.
• Zoological park.
• Botanical Garden.
• Northern Bohemian Museum.
• Regional gallery.

Other institutions

• House of Culture;
• center "Babylon" - casino, water park, entertainment, public and hotel complex;
• "People's Gardens" is a cultural and social center built in 1900-1901. on the last tram line;
• shopping center "Nysa Liberec" - the largest commercial, cultural and social center of the Czech Republic to the north of Prague.

famous objects

• Town Hall - a new Renaissance building from 1893, one of the symbols of the city and the region;
• Liberec castle;
• hotel and radio transmitter on Jested, one of the symbols of the city and the region;
• the Jested trading house (now the Tesco trading house) does not meet the requirements of the day by modern standards, so it will be demolished and replaced with a modern building;
• urban resort - a neo-Renaissance building built in 1901–1902;
• Wallenstein huts are the oldest (from 1678–1681) surviving buildings in the city (on Windy Street);
• Gamrstein - the ruins of a fortress on the Castle Hill (375 meters above sea level);
• "Liberec High" - a restaurant and an observation deck, built in 1900-1901;
• “Scholz's House” is a log hut on the banks of the Nisa, built in 1771. Today, this building houses the office of one of the institutions;
• the small castle of Liebig (Villa Liebig) - the former residence of the Liebig family since 1897 in the valley of the Harzovsky Stream.

Churches

• Church of St. Anthony the Great - originally a one-bay building was rebuilt in 1579 into a brick three-bay church;
• Church of the Holy Cross – built in 1695–98. and later - in 1753-56 - rebuilt;
• Church of the Divine Heart of the Virgin and a former monastery and school;
• Church of Saint Anthony of Padua;
• Church of the Mother of God at the Picture;
• Church of St. John the Baptist;
• Church of St. Boniface in Gorny Ganykhiv.

Education

• Kindergartens (36).
• Secondary vocational schools (6).
• Gymnasiums (4): Euroregional Gymnasium and Secondary Vocational Pedagogical School, Gymnasium and Secondary Liberec Vocational Pedagogical School, F. Schalda Gymnasium, Podested Gymnasium.
• Secondary special schools, including medical (15); among them - secondary industrial schools (3): construction, machine-building and electrical engineering, textile.
• Higher special schools (4).
• Higher Educational Institutions (1+1): , branch of the Karl English University in Brno.

Science and research

• Textile Machinery Research Institute.

Sport

The surroundings of the city and the city of Liberec itself are fraught with great opportunities for the development of sports, both at the amateur and professional levels. For recreational sports use, residents actively use the surrounding mountains, which form ideal conditions for tourism, cycling and skiing.

Liberec athletes take part in the highest republican and international competitions. Their most successful performances are in basketball, football, ice hockey, volleyball, floorball, steeplechase, karate and skiing.

Sports objects

• Tipsport Arena- a new multifunctional arena, which is the base of the hockey club "White Tigers of Liberec";
• Stadin "At Nisa"- football stadium, which is the base of the club "Slovan Liberec";
• sports arena "Jested"- designed for skiing, skiing and jumping;
• areal "Vesets"- an area intended for cross-country skiing;
• swimming pool.

Sports clubs

• "Patriots Liberec"- baseball club
• FK Slovan Liberec- football club;
• "White tigers"- hockey club;
• AC Slovan Liberec– athletic club;
• "Dukla Liberec"– army ski sports center;
• VK Dukla Liberec- volleyball club;
• "BC Condor Liberec"- basketball club
• Lokomotiv Liberec– sports society;
• "Falcon Frantishkov"– a sports society in the Frantiskov region;
• FBK Liberec- football club.

Famous people born in Liberec

• Christoph Demantius (1567–1643), German composer, musical theorist and poet;
• Kamillo Horn (1860–1941), German composer;
• Heinrich Herkner (1863–1932), economist;
• František Xavier Schalda (1867–1937), literary critic, journalist and writer;
• Ferdinand Porsche (1875–1951), Austrian automobile designer;
• Vlasta Burian (1891–1962), theater actor, known as the "King of Comedians";
• Yaroslav Rzhidki (1897–1956), composer and music teacher;
• Konrad Henlein (1898–1945), Sudeten-German separatist;
• Ludmila Maceshkova (1898–1974), poetess who published under the pseudonym Jan Kamenik;
• Herbert Feigl (1902–1988), Austrian-American philosopher;
• Karel Vacek (1902–1982), composer;
• Harald Kreuzberg (1902–1968), dancer and ballet theorist;
• Guido Beck (1903–1989), physicist;
• Augustin Schramm (1907–1948), communist functionary;
• Otfried Preusler (* 1923), writer;
• Gustav Ginzel (* 1931), traveler and mountaineer;
• Oldrich Kaiser (* 1955), theater and film actor;
• Peter Kellner (* 1964), manager;
• Miroslava Pleshtilova (* 1966), teacher, theater and film actress;
• Petr Nedved (* 1971), ice hockey player;
• Martin Damm (* 1972), tennis player;
• Tomasz Enge (* 1976), racing driver;
• Pavel Liska (* 1971), actor;
• Zuzana Geino (* 1986), U16 World Champion and Junior European Champion in the 400m Hurdles.

Perennial residents of the city

• Johann Liebig (1802–1869), big businessman, founder of the Liebig family, baron;
• Max Külm (1877–1944), American architect and educator;
• Miklós Radnoti (1909–1944), Hungarian poet, was a student at the Textile Institute in 1927-28;
• Frantisek Peterka (*1922), theater and film actor, worked for a long time at the F.Schalda Theatre;
• Przemysl Sobotka (* 1944), physician and politician, President of the Czech Senate

City symbols

Emblem the city of Liberec form a silver shield, which depicts a ruby-colored fortress wall with double towers and battlements. On silver hinges are suspended gold suspended open gates. The upper half of the gate is closed by a lattice with silver forged sharpened ends. In each of the towers there is an open gate, above which there is a loophole and an elongated window divided by a cross. The towers have ruby-colored domes with a flagpole on which a blue flag develops. On the wall above the gate hangs a blue-azure shield with a silver wheel, which was the ancestral sign of the Rederns. On the battlements of the wall, between the towers, stands a tamed golden lion with a crown on its head, a red tongue and a rearing tail.

canvas of urban flag form two parallel stripes - red at the top and white at the bottom. The canvas has a width to length ratio of 2:3. In its middle is placed the sign of the city in the Spanish style.

Urban logo form stylized silhouettes of the two most significant buildings of the city: the town hall and the Jested hotel, where the left side of the town hall and the right side of the hotel are connected into a single whole. The logo is supplemented with the inscription: "Liberec".

Gallery:

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Friends, welcome! Sequence "Czech Republic Liberec - ski resort” is natural and familiar to the inhabitants of Central Europe, and, perhaps, somewhat unexpected for us. We have heard about other European regions that have a reputation as ski centers, while the Czech city of Liberec provides its slopes not only to amateurs, but also as a venue for European championships in skiing.

Nature took care of the creation of the long Jested Range, which is located in the north of the Czech Republic in the Liberec region. And in the hollow between this ridge and the Jizera Mountains, the city of Liberec with a rich past and active modern activity is conveniently located.

The symbol of the regional center has long been a modern television tower, installed in the very high point Yeshted Range:

What is interesting about Liberec to a traveler who came to Prague and wants to get to know the regional Czech Republic in more detail, we will now find out:

1. Historic center of Liberec
2. Mount and TV tower Jested
3. How to get to the tower and the center of the ski resort

Historic center of Liberec

The history of Liberec began in the 14th century, but the brightest heyday of the city came in the 19th century. At that time, the kind of historical center that the city attracts now was formed. From the main square, located at the highest point of the city territory, colorful streets wind in different directions:

The name of the streets is no less attractive. I remember that we went up to the square along Prazhskaya, and went down - along Moskovskaya street.

The dominant feature of the square, which is named after the second president of Czechoslovakia, Edvard Beneš, is the City Hall:

A tall building with magnificent towers actually makes an impression incomparable to that which develops from viewing its image in a photo. And if you climb observation deck, which is located on a 65-meter tower, there will be even more impressions))

Be sure to go to the Cathedral of St. Anthony, which endured several lightning strikes, and each time was diligently restored by the townspeople in the Roman Catholic Gothic style:

If your visit coincides with the time of the service, you can visit the cathedral and hear the bewitching sound of the organ:

Generally, according to historical quarters The Liberian is simply interesting to wander around. View its Wallenstein houses, churches, castle ... The center of Liberec is presented in more detail. If you wish, you can go outside the city to a real fortress - a castle.

Jested mountain and TV tower

A separate attraction of Liberec is a television tower installed at the highest point of Mount Jested:

Jested is remote from the city, but the local population has always shown an increased interest in it.

The height of the Jested peak is slightly over 1000 m above sea level. Back in 1737, a cross was installed on the top, endowing high place the status of a special power and energy. Tourist interest in the designated point above the city emerged in the middle of the 19th century.

The house was the first to appear on the mountain - the prototype of the current cafe, where drinks and snacks were sold. In 1876, the first wooden observation tower, 5 meters high, was built on Jested, and in 1889. replaced with a new, 8-meter.

Probably, hikes to the top of Jested gained their popularity, because in 1906-07 they got down to business with all seriousness and built a complex at the top: the tower grew to 23 m, a hotel with 23 rooms and a restaurant. Two years later, a toboggan run for 3 km was also built. And can you imagine? In 1914 Jested hosted the European Championship in luge!

I will not describe the entire path of development of the Jested complex - it is exclusively progressive. Let us turn to that beautiful television tower that adorns mountain peak now and so harmoniously raises it to the sky:

The tower boldly overtook all its predecessors. Even if you add the dimensions of all the previous towers together, they cannot equal the height of the modern structure - 94 meters. The tower rests on a circle with a diameter of 33 m and a meter thickness.

The project of the hyperbolic TV tower was created by the architect Karel Gubachek in collaboration with the engineer Zdeněk Patrman. They designed a tower on top of the mountain in 1966-73. Even before the completion of construction, architects from other countries highly appreciated the project, noting the elegance of the structure.

How to get to the top of Jested

A ski center is located in the nature park next to the Jested TV tower. They climb the mountain not only for the purpose of skiing, but also for the sake of interesting trip through the beautiful countryside, and to have a closer look at the TV tower. And, of course, for the sake of the beautiful views from the top:

Excursion routes from Liberec are open in this direction every day all year round. Interested in how to organize an independent climb to the top for an active traveler?

If you carefully looked at the previous photo, you noticed the cable car. The height difference from the foot of Jested to its summit is 450 meters, which is quite a lot. Therefore, it can be comfortably overcome in the cockpit in 4 minutes by paying 99 kroons:

Two-way travel will cost more profitable - 149 kroons for an adult passenger. But such a hasty rise will deprive you of a pleasant walk with an observation of the charming surrounding landscapes:

The walking route is laid in a spiral and is 4.5 km long. Part of it consists of forest trails well-packed with the feet of numerous tourists:

The higher the tourists rise, the greater the view opens around. From some points you can see the most high peak Czech Republic - mountain. On the way to the top on the way there are objects that will further sharpen your perception. Look through this arch:

Admittedly, the climb on foot is longer and physically more difficult, but it is much more exciting than jumping into the cabin and four minutes later standing on top of the mountain in front of the TV tower.

Whatever way you choose to climb, first you need to get from the center of Liberec to the foot of the mountain. It's quite simple: tram number 3 will take you from the transport terminal to the final station, and then follow, focusing on absolutely clear signs. Either you walk 300 meters to the lower station of the cable car, or go along walking route conquer the Jested Heights. In any case, you will find yourself at the goal:

Taking water with you will not hurt, but stocking up on food is useless. The TV tower complex has a restaurant where you can dine quite hearty and at an affordable price. 100-200 CZK, depending on your appetite, can provide a full meal.

Having examined the TV tower from the outside and from the inside, having walked on the grounds around the tower, having pleased yourself with the feeling of spaciousness and picturesque panoramas, you can go down and on the lane - this is how the Czechs call the cable car. Moreover, after a pedestrian climb, fatigue will make itself felt. In the direction of travel, either tobogganing or skiing (tell me, please, experts) trails are well opened up:

Friends, as you understand, Liberec is perfect for an active tourist who likes to combine sightseeing beautiful architecture with visits to natural attractions. You can travel from Prague to Liberec for one day and implement a rather rich program. Anyway, take a walk historical center and it will be quite possible to climb to the Jested TV tower.

If you are a supporter of ski slopes, then a trip to Liberec in winter will especially interest you. But in this case, you will have to stay at the hotel. It would be nice in the attractive Green Guy. And you can get closer to the highway, and more comfortable - here. Interested in how to get to Liberec conveniently? Read the next article.

Your euro guide Tatiana