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How a guide conducts a tour. Individual excursion text

Introduction.

Hello, dear friends. My name is Anna. And today I am your guide. You and I have gathered today to listen to very interesting excursion. The theme of our excursion is “Malakhov Kurgan monument - two defenses”. The route of our excursion passes through the territory of the Malakhov Kurgan, here you will see many monuments, guns, a defensive tower, the places where Nakhimov and Kornilov were fatally wounded, and the only tree that survived the Second World War. I ask you to keep up with the group, and I will answer your questions during the tour.

Well, now let's get back to the topic of our Excursion!! Malakhov Kurgan is not just historical monument, this is sacred land for every Sevastopol resident; the fate of the first defense of Sevastopol was decided here. The name of the mound, as one version explains, is associated with the name of a retired naval sailor Mikhail Malakhov, who was a highly respected man on the Ship Side, one of the first to settle at the foot of the mound. His house stood on the slope of this mound. People often came to Malakhov for advice, help, and court proceedings: he was an honest and fair man. So they said: “Let’s go to the mound, to Malakhov.” The mound gradually began to be called by his name.

The mound may not be very impressive from the outside - a hill is like a hill. Its height is only 97 meters above sea level, but the glory of the mound is great. Over the course of one hundred years, the mound twice became the scene of fierce battles.

During the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 Malakhov Kurgan, dominating the surrounding area, was a key position on the left flank of the defense. Here was the main bastion of the Ship side, which after the death of Vice Admiral V.A. Kornilov began to be called Kornilovsky.

Here the French troops conducted their most furious assaults. However, the enemy managed to capture the mound only after eleven months of fighting, when the defensive structures were demolished by multi-day artillery bombardments and the strength of its defenders was exhausted. The loss of the Malakhov Kurgan predetermined the outcome of the 11-month defense of the city.

During the period of defense, there were nine batteries on the Malakhov Kurgan, two of them were reproduced in 1958. They are equipped with authentic ship cannons from the Crimean War. The guns are cast from cast iron and weigh from two to seven tons. The sailors had to put a lot of effort into dragging them onto the bastions. The cannons fired solid and explosive (bomb) cannonballs. Despite the imperfection of weapons and the need of the defenders for literally everything, the two powerful imperial powers could not take Sevastopol for almost a year.

The enemy managed to launch the first assault on the city only nine months after the start of the siege, on June 6, 1855. This assault was heroically repulsed by the defenders of Sevastopol. Tells about the events of this day Panorama of the defense of Sevastopol, located on the former fourth bastion.

Many outstanding defense heroes fought on Malakhov Kurgan: admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, sister of mercy Dasha of Sevastopol, sailor Koshka, a participant in many forays into the enemy’s camp. At night, brave hunters (as they were called) captured trophies, prisoners, destroyed enemy fortifications, and most importantly, it was a very powerful psychological weapon. After the Crimean War, the name "Malakhov Kurgan" became known throughout the world. In 1856, the French Marshal Pelissier, who commanded the French army in the Crimea in 1855-1856, was awarded the title "Duke of Malakhovsky". In Germany there is Fort Malakhov, small town near Paris began to be called "Malakof".

The mound became famous during second defense of Sevastopol. Therefore, Malakhov Kurgan - memorial complex of monuments to two wars: the Crimean and the Great Patriotic War.

Main part

Now we are at the Main Entrance to Malakhov Kurgan. Arch adorns a massive Doric portico with dates on the frieze: 1854-1855. A wide grand staircase leads to the top of the mound. The staircase bifurcates and joins again to form a large lawn with a manicured lawn. From here you can see the whole of Sevastopol: the central part of the city; Vladimir Cathedral is the tomb of admirals, three of whom died here on the Malakhov Kurgan; open sea; Konstantinovskaya battery at the entrance to Sevastopol Bay; The northern side of Sevastopol, crowned with the pyramid of the Church of St. Nicholas at the Fraternal Cemetery. Now you and I will climb these stairs

Now we are on the first wide horizontal platform, on which there are two monuments. The one on the left is from the Crimean War, the one on the right is from the Great Patriotic War. Let's go to the monument which is located to the right. This monument to the pilots of the 8th Air Force, who liberated Sevastopol from the Nazis in May 1944. It was commanded by Major General Khryukin. A night bomber women's regiment under the command of Evdokia Bershanskaya fought as part of the army. The girls flew on planes with PO-2 percale wings; they flew out only at night, since the planes were imperfect and, if hit by a shell, they burned like matches. On these planes, female pilots terrified the enemy; the Nazis called them night witches. More than forty female pilots of the regiment
were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The monument is a granite rock from which a fighter plane “takes off.” One of the best fighters of World War II, the Yak-3, was used as a prototype for the memorial aircraft. The monument was built by military builders in July 1944 and restored in 1994. Next to the monument there are granite plaques, which list the flight formations and units that participated in the liberation of Sevastopol.

Now let's proceed to the left side of the site. Here is a small white marble monument , installed in 1892 overmass grave of Russian and French soldiers . It contains the rest of the soldiers who died in the last battle on Malakhov Kurgan on August 27, 1855.

When, on the last day of the first defense, the French broke into Malakhov Kurgan, the Russians launched several counterattacks, fought selflessly, and as a result the losses were very large on both sides. Those killed in this battle were buried in the same grave. The funeral was carried out by the French, who highly appreciated the courage of their opponents.

A black stele with a black cross rises above the white pedestal. The symbolism of flowers explains the inscription on French, embossed on the back of the monument: "They were inspired by victory and united by death. Such is the glory of the brave, such is the lot of the soldier." On the front side of the monument are the words: “Monument to Russian and French soldiers who fell on Malakhov Kurgan during the defense and attack on August 27, 1855.”

During the Great Patriotic War, the monument was severely damaged and restored in 1960.

From this site, which the French soldiers nicknamed “the devil’s,” the main alley of the Malakhov Kurgan begins; its age is already approaching fifty years. The trees on this alley were planted by party, state and public figures of the USSR and foreign countries, Heroes of the Soviet Union, cosmonauts (including Yuri Gagarin). Previously, there were signs near the trees with names written on them. This alley was called Alley of Friendship.

Now let's walk along the alley. So on the left you see a powerful ship gun . This is an authentic WWII ship's cannon. The gun caliber is 130 mm, the firing range is 20 km. The second gun stood in this place (the first one was behind the trees). In October 1941, the destroyer Sovershenny was blown up by a Nazi mine. The guns were removed from it and installed on land. This is how it was created battery "Malakhov Kurgan". The guns were serviced by the destroyer's sailors (60 people), the battery was commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Matyukhin. That’s what the batteries were called - “Matyukhintsy”. The battery provided support to our units in the Mekenzi Mountains (16 km north), on the northern side of the city.

The Matyukhinites fought until last days defense On June 30, 1942, the Nazis captured Malakhov Kurgan. The forces were unequal. The survivors went to the southwest of Sevastopol and continued to fight there. Many suffered the same fate as other defenders of the city: they were captured. The guns you see were taken from the Boikiy destroyer. They are exactly the same as those on the destroyer "Perfect" and stand here as monuments to the sailors who defended Sevastopol.

Walking a little further we see an unusual monument. Thismonument tree - old almond , he survived the Great Patriotic War. When Sevastopol was liberated, even the earth on the Malakhov Kurgan was burned; of course, all the greenery died, and only a small burnt almond tree survived and bloomed. There was only one living branch left on it. But every spring it is covered with white flowers, symbolizing the triumph of life over death.

Now pay attention to the center of the alley, there is a bronze relief map of the Malakhov Kurgan bastion ( architect A. Sheffer). The map shows batteries, powder magazines, shelters - everything that was here during the defense of 1854-1855. In the area of the angle directed towards the enemy, the so-called outgoing one, there is a Defensive tower , in which it is now located branch of the Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol.

Let's go to the Defense Tower. This donjon tower is the only stone defensive structure on the bastion. It was built in the summer of 1854 with funds from the residents of Sevastopol according to the design of military engineer F.A. Starchenko. A tower was built from Inkerman stone. The thickness of the walls of the lower tier is 152 cm, the upper one is 88 cm. The tower had 52 loopholes on two tiers, and five eighteen-pound fortress cannons were installed on the upper platform. On the tower there is a memorial plaque with the names of the regiments and units that defended the Malakhov Kurgan during the first defense.

On October 5, 1854, during the first bombardment of Sevastopol, the upper tier of the tower was demolished by enemy shells, while the lower one served as a shelter. It housed a dressing station, a powder warehouse, a camp church and the headquarters of Rear Admiral V.I. Istomin, who commanded the fourth distance of the defensive line (which included Malakhov Kurgan). March 7, 1855 Istomin Inspected the remote fortification of the Malakhov Kurgan, the so-called Kamchatka lunette (in front behind the defensive tower), where he was killed outright by an enemy cannonball that hit him in the head. This was a great loss for the defenders of Sevastopol.

To the left of the tower you can see the Anti-Assault Battery. At this place during the war, there was a frontal naval cannon of the 1803 model. Now let's go up the road behind the tower. Here you see the Battery on the glacis; there is also a marble slab installed here, marking the place where Admiral Nakhimov was mortally wounded

On June 28, 1855, Nakhimov stood on the glacis and observed the positions of the French. As always, the admiral was in uniform with gold epaulettes, presenting a good target for the French shtutsernikov (shtutser - a gun with a rifled barrel). The commander of the fourth distance, which included Malakhov Kurgan, captain of the first rank F.S. Kern (a relative of Anna Kern) asked him to go down to the shelter, Nakhimov rather sharply refused. Several bullets hit the parapet nearby, he managed to say: “They shoot quite accurately today,” when one of the bullets hit him in the left temple. No amount of medical efforts could save the admiral, and two days later, without regaining consciousness, Nakhimov died.

On this day, the whole of Sevastopol mourned. An eyewitness wrote that there was not a person in the city who would not gladly give his life for the life of the admiral. On July 1, Pavel Stepanovich was buried next to his unforgettable teacher Lazarev and his comrades who died on the Malakhov Kurgan, Kornilov and Istomin. The obituary for Nakhimov says: “Peace be to your ashes, intelligent, skillful and experienced, passionately loved his art and his subordinates, equally loved by them, always cold-blooded and courageous, kind-hearted, great in intelligence and courage, an honest, generous person!” Those who knew him closely! Admiral Nakhimov wrote: “wholly devoted to service, he did not know and had no interests outside of it.” He devoted himself entirely to naval service, did not start a family. His fellow sailors were his family, all his ambition lay in the strict fulfillment of his own. duty. “Everything here is so clearly and strongly inspired by the soul and strength of Nakhimov that it is impossible not to realize that he really personifies the present era, and it is impossible to imagine what would have happened without him...” He spent the night wherever he had to, slept without undressing, because own apartment took him to the infirmary for the wounded, and the admiral’s personal money went to help the families of the sailors. There were legends about his courage and contempt for death. The appearance of the admiral on the batteries and bastions was accompanied by a loud, enthusiastic “Hurray!” The soul of the Sevastopol defense died with Nakhimov.

Proceeding further you see the batteries of Senyavin and Emelyanov. To the right of the batteries is a monument to Kornilov, erected at the site of Kornilov’s injury (architect A. Bilderling, sculptor academician I. Schroeder). On the pedestal, the top of which represents part of the fortification, there is a figure of a mortally wounded admiral. With his right hand he points to the city, his words spoken before his death are inscribed below, sounding like a call or even an order: “Defend Sevastopol!” On the right is the figure of a sailor-artilleryman, who is given a resemblance to the famous hero-sailor P. Koshka. At the foot of the monument is a cross, laid out by order of Nakhimov by Sevastopol cabin boys from enemy cannonballs.

Admiral Kornilov was wounded on the day of the first bombardment of Sevastopol, October 5, 1854, at about 11 o'clock. Kornilov arrived at the Malakhov Kurgan, examined the tower, fortifications and headed towards the horse to continue the inspection, but then an enemy cannonball crushed his left leg at the groin. On the same day at half past four, Vice Admiral Kornilov died. When the defense began, Kornilov was chief of staff Black Sea Fleet. He led the defense, being an excellent organizer, and did a lot for the construction of defensive fortifications and for the organization of defense as a whole. Despite the fact that Kornilov died at the very beginning of the defense, his merits were great, and the loss for Sevastopol was very great.

The words of the dying Kornilov, inscribed on the pedestal, infuriated the fascist occupiers, who paid a terrible price for the capture of Sevastopol. Therefore, they destroyed the monument: the bronze was taken away and the pedestal was blown up. The monument was restored for the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol. The basis was taken from the original version of the monument, a model of which is kept in the Naval Museum of St. Petersburg. Malakhov Kurgan is the place of heroism of hundreds, thousands of defenders of the city. Let us note that among those who fought on the Malakhov Kurgan was the father of the “red lieutenant” Peter Schmidt - P.P. Schmidt, who commanded the anti-assault battery, and together with the famous N.I. Pirogov and professor of Kyiv University X.Ya. Gübbenet fought for the lives of the wounded and Schmidt’s mother E.Ya. Wagner.

Conclusion

So, our excursion has come to an end. Thanks everyone for your attention. You are very good listeners. I'm ready to answer your questions.

Working with tourists (continued)

Always weigh what you say carefully. Use reputable sources, double-check the information several times. Even if incorrect information occurs frequently, this does not make it correct and there is no need to tell it to tourists. Preferred sources of information are scientific lectures, specialized museum publications, local history magazines, and books written by historians. Television, newspapers, magazines, the Internet are on last place, because unverified or distorted information prevails there.

You can read what the “excursion”, created from stories, fiction, TV shows and modern books, turns into here:
" Night excursions are one of the favorite summer entertainments for bored citizens and curious guests of the capital, which was confirmed by the sold-out last night. Yours truly couldn’t help but poke his nose into this industry, grabbing a notebook for pearl barley) I highlight nonsense italics, I’m commenting offtopic. As we were leaving Sukharevskaya, the first to suffer from the guide’s imagination was the Sukharevskaya Tower that had previously stood there:

When building a story, do not forget that in the group there are people who perceive information differently: the majority, of course, are visual learners, but there are also kinesthetic and auditory learners. Therefore, when describing objects, use words that characterize not only the width and volume of the house, but also the bright color of the stained glass windows, the rustling of leaves near the house, and the unevenness of the bricks in the masonry. There are people for whom it is enough to look at the monument, and there are those who need to touch and feel it to get to know the object.

The guide only conveys information taken from trusted sources. He does not express his own opinion, much less impose it. People go to relax, to learn something new, but not to receive moral instruction or initiation into any religion. There should be no pressure or aggression in the tone of the conversation. People feel this and then the trip turns into torture, into the imposition of an opinion.

“As a professional historian, I know perfectly well how to captivate an audience with interesting stories on historical topics. For my lectures, I prepared dozens of examples so that the recorded lecture would not be too “dry” and academic, so that the listeners would be interested. Here, there is no need at all prepare material at the lecture level. It is enough to know the basic facts and tell tales on this topic, fortunately there are more than enough of them.
This is what happens abroad. Besides the fact that the general level of knowledge of guides is an order of magnitude higher than in Moscow travel agencies, no one tries to teach tourists about life, preach to them their religious views and political views. Perhaps this is due to the fact that a slightly different contingent goes on excursions there. Although I can’t say that local routes are driven by people who have never seen anything in their lives or been abroad. But why is the level of “export” guides so much higher than the level of “home-grown” ones?
We rode back without a guide, avoiding a rather boring lecture about his religious views mixed with leavened patriotism. And I don’t envy the part of the group with whom he stayed, despite the fact that they had the opportunity to just walk around this incredible city...."

Tell the story in an interesting, expressive, exciting way:
"...we were taken on an excursion to Lomonosov. The guide spoke so boringly that I wanted to hang myself! It's just torture."
“...during the guide’s story about the defense and surrender of Odessa, the men cried (they actually wiped away their tears)”

If you are going to lead a tour of the temple, you need to obtain permission (blessing) from the priest in advance. If you receive it, do not forget that the story must be told in a relatively quiet voice, without disturbing the believers in the temple. A loud voice is inappropriate in a temple. It is also worth remembering that they do not stand with their backs to the altar or icons. You can stand sideways to them or slightly to the side, forming a triangle with the group.

The story should be interesting, comprehensive and not turn into a dry description of facts. For example, if you drive past an enterprise, a TV tower, Mosfilm, a botanical garden - tell us what interesting excursions there are, how you can get to them, how to get here.

“Yes, this is the problem with many storytellers and tour guides: they do not always understand that their interlocutors may be interested in the reasons for unusual (illogical) technical solutions, and not just the history of creation.”

"We went on a tour of Minsk on July 25. I liked Minsk very much, but the guide Margarita did not. The tour was not educational, just dry historical facts, dates. Margarita herself was languishing in the heat and constantly complained that she felt bad."

Speak rather slowly and with expression. The pace of speech and its delivery should be such that you want to listen, so that you can remember and comprehend what you heard. Otherwise it might look like this:

"...I was simply dumbfounded. Not only did my brain not have time to digest the information, it simply did not perceive some :-) The guide spoke very quickly, very self-confidently, not always coherently and things that contradict school textbooks (in particular - about the education of St. Petersburg)"

"...the guide, a young girl, a student, spoke very carefully and to the point about the city and the legends of the city. At the end of the excursion there was applause on the bus, the guide and driver were somewhat embarrassed. :) And we didn’t even want to leave them"

Summarize what you saw, summarize what was said. This will help tourists better remember and understand what they saw.

“I was convinced that a guide is still needed, because he structures what he saw and heard.”

If they try to interrupt you with a question in the middle of the story, don’t pay attention. When you finish the story, you can turn to the person and ask him to repeat his question.

If during the story something sudden happens around that distracts people's attention (for example, a wedding procession, dogs, squirrels), it is worth taking a short pause and then continuing.

When building a story, speak from the general to the specific. First, tell us where we are, what surrounds us, and then proceed to describe a specific object. You cannot start the story right away with some story that happened in a certain house. People simply will not understand what kind of house we are talking about, where to look and where they are in general.

Use logical transitions. Don't jump from fact to fact. No one needs a bunch of little information. Fragmentary information is difficult to digest.

When you speak important information, give a link to the sources. Otherwise, your speech may be considered unfounded or fiction.

It is clear that after the three hundredth or thousandth time it is difficult to tell it as if it were the first time. But still, people’s opinions and the emotions they receive about the walk depend on your acting talent and inspiration.

“And most of all I remember the guides, who are included in the ticket price, and I listened to lectures from as many as three. They talk so vividly, with soul and in colors! I even started recording the last, third girl guide on a voice recorder.”

The guide is an organizer, but not a driver of people. If you work in a group all day, it would be appropriate to warn everyone before the start of the trip that at the exits you will first talk about interesting things for 5-10 minutes, and then have free time. Because people are often nervous, they look at you - they worry that they won’t have time to take photos and buy souvenirs. It is important to give them time for this. Otherwise it might look like this:

“I’ve been to Kostroma once, on an excursion. I was left with a terrible impression - dog-like cold, although the rest of the boat trip was warm. The excursion was crumpled, the guide was a loud, nervous woman, she commanded a lot, told little.”

Don't keep people in one place for too long. 10 minutes is enough. Then people get distracted, worry that they won’t have time to take a photo, and in cold weather they freeze.

Don't wave your arms senselessly, watch your gestures. With your hand movements you direct the gaze of tourists, helping them not only to look, but also to see.

When interacting with people, do not wear sunglasses that are too dark. People should see your eyes, this is respect. If the sun is very bothersome, a wide-brimmed hat will help.

Depending on the position of the sun, during the story, position people so that the sun does not hit their eyes. If the weather is hot, place the group in the shade; if it is cold, on the contrary, choose a sunny place, sheltered from the wind.

If lunch is planned on the route, do not forget that the guide is the last one to sit down to eat. First, he must check all the tables - how people are seated, whether everyone has enough cutlery, what exactly was served to tourists (compare with the information from the travel agency). If you travel by bus, make sure the driver is also fed. Guides, drivers, managers dine at a separate table from tourists.

Give us the amount of information that people can absorb. There is no need to overload them with unnecessary facts, abstract topics and specific terms. Take small breaks. They are necessary for understanding and assimilation of information.

How much should a tour guide say? For example, the excursion lasts 6 hours. If this is a walk around the city, then the guide says 6 astronomical hours. If outside the city - 6 academic ones, i.e. every 45 minutes he has the right to take a break for 15 minutes. On way back The guide, as a rule, does not speak. Tourists are relaxing at this time, some are sleeping, some are sharing their impressions with a neighbor, some are listening to music.

Sometimes on excursions there are people who lack communication. They ask questions they don't need answers to. They need time and attention. If you have the opportunity, give it to them.

If a tourist expresses his point of view on the information provided and tells a lie, do not argue with him. Everyone has the right to make mistakes. Your task is to give knowledge, and to assimilate it is everyone’s personal job. Maybe he will learn it, maybe he won’t, it’s voluntary.

If you had a country bus excursion and are returning back, warn tourists in advance that the bus goes without intermediate stops to the starting point of the excursion. People should be informed about this in advance. Otherwise, when approaching the city by bus, there will be a procession of “walkers” to the driver and everyone will ask him to stop there. Such situations often make drivers nervous. After all, a sightseeing bus is not a taxi and the driver should not drop off groups of people here and there, slowing down, changing lanes and wasting time. The guide also monitors the travel time. At the end of the excursion, he must document the time the bus stopped when the last tourist left. Otherwise travel company will overpay for the duration of the bus transfer.

At the end of the tour, remind tourists that you can answer their questions. And there are usually a lot of questions.

The guide tries to make the walk interesting, filled with reliable information. Moreover, he presents it in such a way that tourists understand and remember a lot. They gain knowledge and the opportunity for further reflection and perhaps independent reading and walking. It's great when the work of one person encourages you to find interesting things in new objects.

At the end of the excursion, be sure to sum up the results - tell briefly where you visited, what you saw. Thank your colleagues for organizing the walk and the tourists for their attention. This is usually followed by applause :) Your reward for a job well done.

*Calculations use average data for Russia

49,000 ₽

Starting investments

121,500 RUR

81,000 ₽

Net profit

2 months

Payback period

City walking tours are a leisure activity that allows you to delve deeper into the history of the streets. In the business plan, we will consider excursions with elements of a performance that can bring in from 80 thousand rubles.

1. PROJECT SUMMARY

This business plan discusses a project to provide walking tours in a city with a population of more than 1 million people. The project is an event in the “excursion + street performance” format. The financial resources required to start the project will amount to 49 thousand rubles. and will be used to purchase excursion equipment, create presentation materials, purchase costumes for actors and stage attributes.

The projected volume of revenue per month with one excursion per week and the participation of 15 excursionists in it will be 121.5 thousand rubles, net profit 81.5 thousand rubles. The financial plan is designed for a three-year period of activity. After this, it is planned to expand the types of excursions and update the program of events. The project will require a preparatory phase of 3 months, necessary for writing a script, conducting test excursions and rehearsals, as well as creating advertising products and pre-filling social networks.

Table 1. Key project indicators

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

City walking tours are an increasingly popular type of excursion that allows participants to delve deeper into the history of the streets, explore objects and imagine themselves as participants in past events. Unlike bus excursions they allow for more maneuverable routes and give participants a logical and consistent visual sequence. The length of such routes usually does not exceed 6 kilometers, and the duration is no more than 3 hours.

From the point of view of organization, walking excursions require much less financial and time expenditure, since there is no need to enter into an agreement with a transport company, coordinate the travel time with the driver and adjust the excursion route to traffic rules. At the same time creation walking route requires a more thoughtful script. Display objects should be fairly close to each other. Excursionists are required to be physically prepared, and the guide is required to be able to keep the pace and catch up on time with those lagging behind the group. Features of the excursion business in largest cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg there is a high level of competition. In other million-plus cities and regional centers with a population of less than a million inhabitants, the competition is not so significant, but it is quite difficult to immediately stand out from the existing proposals.

This project proposes the organization of events, the format of which will combine an excursion with a thematic performance on the history of the city. The choice of this format was due to high competition among excursion organizers. On the one hand, such an event will require large amounts of time and money to organize; on the other hand, if positioned well, it will attract public attention and can become one of the landmark cultural events in the city. The project will be implemented on its own based on the organizer’s knowledge of the history of the city and interest in local history, the presence of some skills in this area, a certificate of completion of courses for guides, as well as personal connections with creative personalities of the city who will be involved in the performance in as partners.

3. DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES

At the initial stage, two excursion scenarios will be developed, each of which will include a short 30-minute street performance on the theme of the excursion. The duration of one of the events will be 3 hours, the other - 2 hours 30 minutes. The cost of participation will be divided for children and adults (see Table 2). The cost was determined taking into account the analysis of competitors' proposals. So, the cost is normal walking tour in the regions varies from 400 to 650 rubles, the cost of bus excursions or excursions with any additional services, including a quest, coffee break, etc. ranged from 1100 to 1500 rubles. Thus, 800-950 rubles is, on the one hand, a more expensive option compared to regular excursions, but at the same time more profitable compared to similar offers.

Table 2. Description of goods and services

We also note that at the start of the project it is planned to conduct two or three free excursions to attract attention to the project when excursionists themselves determine the level of remuneration for the guide. In addition, excursionists will have free access to audio and photographic materials offered by the guide during the excursion, as well as incentive prizes for activity during the excursion (badges, souvenirs, keychains, etc.).

4.SALES AND MARKETING

The target audience of the project will be, on the one hand, an age audience actively interested in the history of the city (mainly women aged 35-40 years), on the other hand - creative youth from 18 to 30 years old, as well as tourists and guests of the city. The process of organizing sales and advertising will require the implementation of several stages.

Preparatory stage. At this stage, two months before the start of sales, pages are created in social networks“VKontakte”, “Odnoklassniki” and Instagram, which are planned to be used as generators of the main flow during the main period of work. Communities are filled with thematic content on the history of the city, a preliminary set of target audiences is made, and advertising messages are published about a set of free trial excursions. A one-page website is being created with basic information about the cost, time of excursions, route and contacts for pre-registration. Advertising templates are created and advertisements are printed.

Initial stage. Two or three free excursions are conducted, during which photographs are taken, feedback from participants is collected, and gaps in the organization that arise along the way are eliminated. Whenever possible, the attention of online media and television is attracted. Next, advertising posts are published in popular city groups on social networks. There is an active distribution of advertisements in places visited by tourists.

Main stage. Ongoing advertising activities using all available channels to reach the target audience. At the same time, contacts are being established with the heads of museums, cultural and entertainment institutions, anti-cafes, who can place advertisements on their own sites, and advertisements are being distributed. The following can also be used as additional channels for attracting customers:

a guide's own blog on the history of the city;

partnerships with travel companies with the transfer of clients for a percentage;

partnership with information tourist centers(transfer of clients for a percentage, placement of advertising or business cards).

Earn up to
200,000 rub. per month while having fun!

Trend 2020. Intellectual business in the field of entertainment. Minimum investment. No additional deductions or payments. Turnkey training.

Table 3 shows approximate expenses for advertising purposes during the main period of work. Filling groups on social networks with content and updating information on the website is planned to be organized on our own. Applications for participation in the excursion will be accepted by telephone, payment will be collected by the organizer before the start of the event. In the future, it is planned to use special services (timepad and others).

5. PRODUCTION PLAN

At the initial stage, it is planned to organize excursions and performances once a week - on Saturdays or Sundays, during the daytime. To create performances, you will need to hire actors from among the volunteers of the acting circle at one of the city’s universities. The cast will include five regular actors and three people playing either episodic roles or substitutions. To get started, you will need to purchase the necessary stage and excursion equipment. Expenses for these purposes will amount to about 39.2 thousand rubles.

Table 4. List of necessary equipment and inventory

When conducting one excursion per week, taking into account the participation of 10 adult tourists with an average bill of 900 rubles, monthly revenue will be 81 thousand rubles. This plan is planned to be followed during the first year of operation. The plan for the second year of operation will be 15 participants per excursion, i.e. 121.5 thousand rubles per month. In the future, with an increase in the number of participants and the organization of two excursions per week, the planned revenue can be increased by one and a half to two times.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

The project will require a preparatory period of 3 months, during which an excursion route, performance scripts are created, rehearsals are organized, actors are selected, etc. Unlike many countries in the world, in Russia a license to provide excursion services is not required. In order for activities to be carried out within the legal framework, only registration of an individual entrepreneur is necessary. OKVED activity codes:

79.90.2 Activities for the provision of excursion tourism services
79.90.22 Activities of independent tour guides and tour guides in the provision of excursion tourism services.

The processing time for registration of individual entrepreneurs will be 3 days. State duty - 800 rubles. The most appropriate taxation system for this type of business is a simplified one, where the object of taxation is income of 6%.

Documents for business on walking tours:

Here is a list of documents required to conduct activities within the right field:

service contract, where all excursion offers, its obligations and those points for which the company is not responsible will be indicated;

job description for employees. It describes in detail the job responsibilities for each position and the action plan in case of an emergency;

agreements with employees. Not necessarily according to the Labor Code, but the contractual basis must be fixed;

for employees (preferably) - a document that confirms the status of a teacher of history/culture/philology, etc. or the right to engage in tourism business.

Additionally, it is necessary to draw up a memo for clients, rules for safe behavior on the route and a list of possible sources of dangers that may be encountered. Also, in some cases, tour guides require accreditation. For example, to conduct excursions, foreigners need a special state permit.

Project team

The project team will include two organizers and at the same time performers of the project in the person of a guide and the head of the theater troupe, as well as the actors themselves.

Guide. This is a person with a historical or philological education, who knows English language, who is interested in local history and the history of the city, has a certificate of completion of guide courses from a specialized training center that trains personnel for the tourism industry. Personal qualities: sociability, competent speech, articulate voice, creativity and resourcefulness, talent as a teacher and psychologist, patience.

Director of a theater troupe. He has experience as a director in a student theater, a talent as an organizer, advertiser, and designer.

Actors. A group of eight actors (five regular actors, three substitutes), participants in major theater competitions, city performances, a student theater troupe. The actors will be paid 500 rubles per performance. Based on the experience of similar projects, it is recommended to select a reserve troupe for all roles (in case of illness of the actors, absence from rehearsals/performance for family or other reasons, etc.).

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan takes into account all income and expenses of the project. The initial investment in the project will be 49 thousand rubles. The expenses of the main period of work will include wages for the actors - 22,500 rubles, expenses for advertising and promotion of the project. A detailed financial plan for the project, taking into account tax deductions, is given in Appendix 1.

Table 5. Investment costs of the project

	NAME	AMOUNT, rub.
Equipment and inventory
	Equipment for excursions
	Equipment for performances
Intangible assets
	Registration of individual entrepreneur
	Flyer printing
	Funds for paying actors (for the first 2 excursions)

Table 6. Main period expenses

8. EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS

Thanks to minimal investments, the project can pay for itself within the second month from the start of excursion sales. The annual turnover of the project in the first year will be 972 thousand rubles, net profit - 521.8 thousand rubles. Profitability - 53%. Annual turnover in the second year is 1,458 thousand rubles, net profit is 978.2 thousand rubles, profitability is 67%.

9. RISKS AND GUARANTEES

The project will require minimal investment in opening, there are no costs for rent and connection to any real estate and material assets (the product is intellectual and acting work), in connection with which all financial risks are minimal. Most of the possible difficulties can be associated with internal problems - errors in the organization, incorrect promotion, incorrect presentation of information by excursionists, etc. These risks are prevented, firstly, through careful preparatory work, which should include writing a high-quality script for the excursion and performance, and their test run. Secondly, a competent market analysis is important: monitoring of all current offers in the field, analysis of the pricing and advertising policies of competitors, their methods of smoothing out the seasonality factor, etc. The key factor for the main period will be work to improve the quality of services, expand the list of services, provide feedback to clients and advertise.

There are also external risk factors - competition, an unfavorable situation in the country’s economy, which affects the solvency of the population and forces them to give up leisure, etc. To minimize these factors, it is necessary to carry out high-quality promotion from the first days of the project’s existence, and in the future, to gain status and recognition of the event as a significant cultural event of the city, which is attended by representatives of middle and large companies and which is actively recommended to tourists and guests of the city.

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OUTLINE OF THE MASTER CLASS

“HOW TO PREPARATE AND CONDUCT A TOUR IN THE MUSEUM”

Target: familiarizing teachers with the main aspects of work experience

on organizing and conducting an excursion to the school local history museum.

Master class objectives:

Convey your experience by direct and commented demonstration of the sequence of actions, methods, techniques and forms of pedagogical activity;

Joint development of methodological approaches and techniques for solving the problem;

Create an emotional positive attitude towards business cooperation, stimulate the activity of participants through the inclusion of teachers in work in subgroups;

Reflection of their own professional skills by master class participants.

Equipment: multimedia installation, museum exhibits, texts, documents, handouts.

Plan

Organizational and motivational stage (induction)

Presentation of experience

Creating a problematic situation

Simulation (simulated game)

Physical education minute

Advertising

Summing up

Reflection

Progress of the master class

Organizational and motivational stage

Greetings to the participants of the master class.

Announcement of the topic.

Joint goal setting.

What needs to be done to prepare and conduct a tour of the museum?

I chose a poem as the epigraph for today’s meeting

"Free conversation":
- Shall we talk?- About what?- About various things and other things.- About what is good- And not very good.- You know something.

- But I know something.- Shall we talk?- Let's talk.- Suddenly it will be interesting.

II . Presentation of experience

This is our 1st lesson in which we will get acquainted with the local history museum high school No. 1, its sections. You have museum business cards on your tables. During a correspondence excursion to our school local history museum, you will get to know it in more detail.

( Presentation about the school local history museum of the State Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1 of Starye Dorogi named after Hero of the Soviet Union F.F. Kulikov" ).

Creating a problematic situation

Now it’s time to set the task for our meeting. During your work, we will select guides, researchers, journalists, those without whom it is impossible to imagine the activities of any museum.

Before going on an excursion, I want to treat you and invite you to our museum. (Participants are asked to choose a candy)

Now I’ll ask you to take a seat at the table that matches the color of your section.

We are not in our museum, but you have a unique opportunity to visit it not only virtually through a presentation, but also to actually look at, evaluate and work with exhibits using a mobile museum - the “Museum in a Suitcase”. What do you think can fit in such a small suitcase??

I would like to invite you to learn together how to evaluate a museum exhibit, give it characteristics and talk about it. It’s not for nothing that there is a saying: “Things speak!”

Participants of the master class are invited to work together with the master.

Without studying it completely, it is impossible to judge the subject as a whole. We present to your attention one of the exhibits of our school local history museum– glyak (vessel). Our task is to describe it and find out where, when, by whom, what it was used for and what material was used to make it. We must apply the information received in order to compose the text of the excursion and conduct it.

Modeling

(Work in groups)

I. There are museum exhibits, documents, and texts on the tables.

Each group needs:

1. Write a story showing the exhibit with explanations (for journalists)

2. Get acquainted with archival documents and draw a conclusion (for researchers)

3. Based on the proposed text, conduct a tour of your section (for guides)

1 group ( Starodorozhchina literary) (books by Starodorozhchina authors: K. Tsvirko, A. Usenya)

2nd group (The People's War was going on) (cap, letters from the front)

3 group (Folk crafts) (belt, pottery bowl)

4 group (Matulya-school) (pen with inkwell, petition to open a school)

5 group (Starodorozhsky region) (book “Old Roads”, stone with a hole (tool) 2-1 thousand BC).

Physical education minute

Advertising

(Presentation of group work of master class participants)

Summing up

1 . Upon completion of the work, everyone is awarded the title:

guide,

researcher,

journalist.

2. Joint practical work

Emblem of the local history circle. In order to keep in mind for a long time the memories of visiting various interesting places, people usually purchase items depicting some objects of the area where they have visited. Together with you we will also assemble the emblem of our educational institution. Assembling a high school emblem from a mosaic

№ 1. Each group has a puzzle piece on the table for a single picture.(Glue on a large Whatman paper).

So I think that after our master class you have an idea of what the work of a museum worker is. After your own attempts to describe the exhibit, compose a story about it and use it during the excursion, you will remember it for a long time.

Reflection

Game "Suitcase of WISHES"

Each participant takes turns: at parting, all group members collect a “suitcase of wishes”, putting in it the exhibits with which they worked. Everyone speaks out and necessarily expresses his admiration for the positive aspects of the personality and formulates his wishes.

What did you get from the master class?

Were your hopes met?

Thank you very much for your work.

One thing is undeniable:

Even if you don't go out into the world,

And in the field outside the outskirts, -

While you are following someone,

The road will not be remembered.

But wherever you go

And what a muddy road

The road is the one I was looking for,

Will never be forgotten.