Fire extinguishing card for Yak 42 aircraft. IzhAvia - “Good old Soviet aviation
These days you rarely hear about flying a Yak-42. Now they continue to be used mainly by low-cost domestic carriers and companies engaged in VIP transportation. And if the layout of the cabin of private companies is customized to the customer (or the owner of the aircraft), then the layout of the Yak-42 cabin of other airlines is almost the same.
The development of the aircraft began in 1972 at the suggestion of Aeroflot, which hoped to replace the Il-18 and Tu-134 with this model. However, it failed to cope with its task and was gradually withdrawn from the fleet of the national carrier of the Russian Federation.
History of the Yak-42
The three-engine aircraft was based on the Yak-40 models. Two engines on the sides of the rear fuselage and one on top, including an air intake in the fork. The main empennage was designed in the shape of the letter T, and the tail empennage in the shape of an arrow (swept). The chassis was designed with twin wheels on all supports. The fuselage of the aircraft is all metal, and the aircraft itself can be described as a low-wing aircraft.
The Le Bourget International Aviation Exhibition in 1977 introduced the Yak-42 to all countries. In the same year, mass production began. Aeroflot launched passenger services on the Yak-42 only towards the end of 1980. However, after two years of operation, a disaster occurred, which temporarily closed production. And after the 2011 disaster, about fifteen airlines stopped flying this type of aircraft.
General information about aircraft
Even though the Yak-42 never replaced the Tu-134 as expected, some companies still use it in their flight program.
At a cruising altitude of up to 9 thousand meters, the aircraft can reach a maximum speed of 700 kilometers/h. The height of the vessel is small - 9.8 meters, the length of the Yak-42 is only 36 meters. To control the aircraft, two pilots are required, and the cabin is equipped for one flight mechanic. Passenger cabin capacity starts from 39 people and ends at 120, the same figure is the most common among airlines. A distinctive feature of the passenger compartment is the numbering of seats using Cyrillic letters.
Which airlines operate this type of aircraft?
As of 2017, the Yak-42 is in service with three Russian airlines. KrasAvia owns a Yak-42 fleet of nine aircraft, Saratov Airlines has five, and Izhavia operates 10 aircraft. The total number of Yak-42s among commercial and passenger transportation is thirty-five aircraft. Gazprom Avia launched its seven units only two years ago. 
Abroad, this type of aircraft is operated by the Chinese Air Force, in the amount of two. The Yak-42 is leased from Iran and Pakistan, as well as owned by the PRC - eight units and Cuba - four.
Diagram of the Yak-42 interior in a single-class layout
All Russian operating companies have this model in the same configurations. The most interesting and distinctive feature of the aircraft is that passengers need to enter it not from the left side of the fuselage, but from the rear. Under the tail is the main emergency exit, also known as the main service door.
According to the layout of the Yak-42 aircraft cabin, a total of 20 rows can be counted. The first row begins in the same way as on other types of aircraft, in the bow. Here, according to reviews, best places The Yak-42, the cabin layout assumes only the presence of a partition in front of the passenger, that is, no one will lower the back of the seat during the flight. There is space to stretch your legs, but it is small due to the wall in front. Although sitting in the first row is much more spacious. The disadvantage of such places is the toilet room, which is located directly behind this wall. Therefore, the extreme places B and D will be very inconvenient, because it is next to them that people will crowd while in line. 
The 6th row is completely uncomfortable due to the presence of an emergency exit behind the partition, so the backs of the seats here are fixed in a vertical position throughout the entire flight. In the 7th row according to the cabin layout, the best seats for the Yak-42 are located directly next to the emergency exit. There is plenty of room to stretch your legs, and the reclined seat back won't get in the way in front. But the downside will be the ban on placement in such a large area hand luggage, and the view from the porthole will be partial.
There is also an escape hatch behind the 13th row, so the backrests of this row are locked. But the 14th row has a complete advantage for a comfortable flight and the same disadvantages of the ban on placing hand luggage at the feet. Thus, the seats of the 14th row have the best seats in the Yak-42 according to the interior layout. In the 19th row, the outer seats B and D will be uncomfortable, since the toilet room is in close proximity, and all the sounds of flushing, smells, as well as crowded queues create discomfort for rest.
The worst option for seating is the 20th row, because there is a toilet wall immediately behind, due to which the back of the chair will not recline. Plus, excessive noise in the tail section is created due to the presence of engines.
Yak-42 in a two-class configuration
Of course, comfortable business class seats are the best places interior diagram of the Yak-42. The economy class cabin reserves 100 seats, while the business class accommodates 16 and stretches from the first to the fourth rows. Two seats on each side of the fuselage. But the economy class numbering starts with the number seven and ends with the twentieth row. 
In this form, the first row of the business with its extreme places B and D will have small disadvantages in the presence of a toilet room behind the partition in front. Noises and unnecessary fuss come from the kitchen counter, as well as a ban on placing carry-on luggage at the feet. The 7th and 14th rows of economy class have the same advantages in additional legroom, being according to the cabin layout the best seats on the Yak-42 .
aircraft.
General information about aircraft
Even though the Yak-42 never replaced the Tu-134 as expected, some companies still use it in their flight program.
At a cruising altitude of up to 9 thousand meters, the aircraft can reach a maximum speed of 700 kilometers/h. The height of the vessel is small - 9.8 meters, the length of the Yak-42 is only 36 meters. To control the aircraft, two pilots are required, and the cabin is equipped for one flight mechanic. Passenger cabin capacity starts from 39 people and ends at 120, the same figure is the most common among airlines. A distinctive feature of the passenger compartment is the numbering of seats using Cyrillic letters.
Which airlines operate this type of aircraft?
As of 2017, the Yak-42 is in service with three Russian airlines. KrasAvia owns a Yak-42 fleet of nine aircraft, Saratov Airlines has five, and Izhavia operates 10 aircraft. The total number of Yak-42s among commercial and passenger transport is thirty-five aircraft. Gazprom Avia launched its seven units only two years ago.
Abroad, this type of aircraft is operated by the Chinese Air Force, in the amount of two. The Yak-42 is leased from Iran and Pakistan, as well as owned by the PRC - eight units and Cuba - four.
Diagram of the Yak-42 interior in a single-class layout
All Russian operating companies have this model in the same configurations. The most interesting and distinctive feature of the aircraft is that passengers need to enter it not from the left side of the fuselage, but from the rear. Under the tail is the main emergency exit, also known as the main service door.
According to the layout of the Yak-42 aircraft cabin, a total of 20 rows can be counted. The first row begins in the same way as on other types of aircraft, in the bow. Here, according to reviews, the best seats on the Yak-42, the cabin layout assumes only the presence of a partition in front of the passenger, that is, no one will lower the back of the seat during the flight. There is space to stretch your legs, but it is small due to the wall in front. Although sitting in the first row is much more spacious. The disadvantage of such places is the toilet room, which is located directly behind this wall. Therefore, the outer seats B and D will be very uncomfortable, because it is next to them that people will crowd while in line. The 6th row is completely uncomfortable due to the presence of an emergency exit behind the partition, so the backs of the seats here are fixed in a vertical position throughout the flight . In the 7th row according to the cabin layout, the best seats for the Yak-42 are located directly next to the emergency exit. There is plenty of room to stretch your legs, and the reclined seat back won't get in the way in front. But the downside will be the prohibition of placing hand luggage in such a large area, and the view from the window will be partial.
There is also an escape hatch behind the 13th row, so the backrests of this row are locked. But the 14th row has a complete advantage for a comfortable flight and the same disadvantages of the ban on placing hand luggage at the feet. Thus, the seats of the 14th row have the best seats in the Yak-42 according to the interior layout. In the 19th row, the outer seats B and D will be uncomfortable, since the toilet room is in close proximity, and all the sounds of flushing, smells, as well as crowded queues create discomfort for rest.
The worst option for seating is the 20th row, because there is a toilet wall immediately behind, due to which the back of the chair will not recline. Plus, excessive noise in the tail section is created due to the presence of engines.
Yak-42 in a two-class configuration
Of course, comfortable business class seats are the best seats in the Yak-42 cabin. The economy class cabin reserves 100 seats, while the business class accommodates 16 and stretches from the first to the fourth rows. Two seats on each side of the fuselage. But the economy class numbering starts with the number seven and ends with the twentieth row.
In this form, the first row of the business with its extreme places B and D will have small disadvantages in the presence of a toilet room behind the partition in front. Noises and unnecessary fuss come from the kitchen counter, as well as a ban on placing carry-on luggage at the feet. The 7th and 14th rows of economy class have the same advantages in additional legroom, being according to the cabin layout the best seats on the Yak-42 .
These days you rarely hear about flying a Yak-42. Now they continue to be used mainly by low-cost domestic carriers and companies engaged in VIP transportation. And if the layout of the cabin of private companies is customized to the customer (or the owner of the aircraft), then the layout of the Yak-42 cabin of other airlines is almost the same.
The development of the aircraft began in 1972 at the suggestion of Aeroflot, which hoped to replace the Il-18 and Tu-134 with this model. However, it failed to cope with its task and was gradually withdrawn from the fleet of the national carrier of the Russian Federation.
History of the Yak-42
The three-engine aircraft was based on the Yak-40 models. Two engines on the sides of the rear fuselage and one on top, including an air intake in the fork. The main empennage was designed in the shape of the letter T, and the tail empennage in the shape of an arrow (swept). The chassis was designed with twin wheels on all supports. The fuselage of the aircraft is all metal, and the aircraft itself can be described as a low-wing aircraft.
The Le Bourget International Aviation Exhibition in 1977 introduced the Yak-42 to all countries. In the same year, mass production began. Aeroflot launched passenger services on the Yak-42 only towards the end of 1980. However, after two years of operation, a disaster occurred, which temporarily closed production. And after the 2011 disaster, about fifteen airlines stopped flying this type
General information about aircraft
Even though the Yak-42 never replaced the Tu-134 as expected, some companies still use it in their flight program.
At a cruising altitude of up to 9 thousand meters, the aircraft can reach a maximum speed of 700 kilometers/h. The height of the vessel is small - 9.8 meters, the length of the Yak-42 is only 36 meters. To control the aircraft, two pilots are required, and the cabin is equipped for one flight mechanic. Passenger cabin capacity starts from 39 people and ends at 120, the same figure is the most common among airlines. A distinctive feature of the passenger compartment is the numbering of seats using Cyrillic letters.
Which airlines operate this type of aircraft?
As of 2017, the Yak-42 is in service with three Russian airlines. KrasAvia owns a Yak-42 fleet of nine aircraft, Saratov Airlines has five, and Izhavia operates 10 aircraft. The total number of Yak-42s among commercial and passenger transport is thirty-five aircraft. Gazprom Avia launched its seven units only two years ago.
Abroad, this type of aircraft is operated by the Chinese Air Force, in the amount of two. The Yak-42 is leased from Iran and Pakistan, as well as owned by the PRC - eight units and Cuba - four.
Diagram of the Yak-42 interior in a single-class layout
All Russian operating companies have this model in the same configurations. The most interesting and distinctive feature of the aircraft is that passengers need to enter it not from the left side of the fuselage, but from the rear. Under the tail is the main emergency exit, also known as the main service door.
According to the layout of the Yak-42 aircraft cabin, a total of 20 rows can be counted. The first row begins in the same way as on other types of aircraft, in the bow. Here, according to reviews, the best seats on the Yak-42, the cabin layout assumes only the presence of a partition in front of the passenger, that is, no one will lower the back of the seat during the flight. There is space to stretch your legs, but it is small due to the wall in front. Although sitting in the first row is much more spacious. The disadvantage of such places is the toilet room, which is located directly behind this wall. Therefore, the extreme places B and D will be very inconvenient, because it is next to them that people will crowd while in line.
The 6th row is completely uncomfortable due to the presence of an emergency exit behind the partition, so the backs of the seats here are fixed in a vertical position throughout the entire flight. In the 7th row according to the cabin layout, the best seats for the Yak-42 are located directly next to the emergency exit. There is plenty of room to stretch your legs, and the reclined seat back won't get in the way in front. But the downside will be the prohibition of placing hand luggage in such a large area, and the view from the window will be partial.
There is also an escape hatch behind the 13th row, so the backrests of this row are locked. But the 14th row has a complete advantage for a comfortable flight and the same disadvantages of the ban on placing hand luggage at the feet. Thus, the seats of the 14th row have the best seats in the Yak-42 according to the interior layout. In the 19th row, the outer seats B and D will be uncomfortable, since the toilet room is in close proximity, and all the sounds of flushing, smells, as well as crowded queues create discomfort for rest.
The worst option for seating is the 20th row, because there is a toilet wall immediately behind, due to which the back of the chair will not recline. Plus, excessive noise in the tail section is created due to the presence of engines.
Yak-42 in a two-class configuration
Of course, comfortable business class seats are the best seats in the Yak-42 cabin. The economy class cabin reserves 100 seats, while the business class accommodates 16 and stretches from the first to the fourth rows. Two seats on each side of the fuselage. But the economy class numbering starts with the number seven and ends with the twentieth row.
In this form, the first row of the business with its extreme places B and D will have small disadvantages in the presence of a toilet room behind the partition in front. Noises and unnecessary fuss come from the kitchen counter, as well as a ban on placing carry-on luggage at the feet. The 7th and 14th rows of economy class have the same advantages in additional legroom, being according to the cabin layout the best seats on the Yak-42 .
The Yak-42 is a Soviet jet passenger aircraft developed by designers of the Yakovlev Design Bureau in the mid-70s. This machine is designed to work on medium-length routes. The Yak-42 made its first flight in 1975, its operation began in 1980, and serial production of the aircraft continued until 2003. During this time, 183 cars were produced. Production was established at the Saratov and Smolensk aviation plants.
The Yak-42 aircraft is still in operation, just like in the former Soviet republics, and in foreign countries: Iran, Cuba, China, Pakistan.
The airliner was created to replace the outdated Tu-134, but this never happened. Tupolev aircraft are still in operation (a total of 853 Tu-134 aircraft were built). However, the reason for the failure was not the shortcomings of the Yak-42, but the collapse of the USSR and a sharp reduction in purchases of domestic aviation technology. In general, the Yak-42 is an excellent machine, with excellent flight characteristics and good handling; this aircraft holds eight world records. During serial production and operation, about ten modifications of the Yak-42 aircraft were developed.
The design of the airliner was very modern (even by world standards) for the early 80s. Engineers paid special attention to the convenience of passengers: the Yak-42 cabin is equipped with large round portholes, comfortable seats for passengers, excellent sound insulation.
Currently, the Sukhoi Superjet 100 project is being promoted as a replacement for the Yak-42, but it can hardly be called successful.
History of creation
In the early 70s, the USSR decided to create a new medium-haul passenger aircraft intended to replace the outdated Tu-134 and Il-18 airliners. The development of the machine was undertaken by the designers of the Yakovlev Design Bureau; during the work, the experience gained during the creation of the Yak-40 aircraft was actively used.
An aircraft layout similar to the Tu-154 and Yak-40 airliners was chosen - with three engines at the rear of the aircraft and a T-shaped tail. Over two years (1974-1976), four prototypes of the new aircraft were created, one of which even had a special parachute for testing recovery from a spin.
The first prototype of the future airliner had a wing sweep of 11°. Initially, the designers planned to almost completely repeat the design of the Yak-40 and install an almost straight wing on the new aircraft. Such a design solution increased the lift of the aircraft, which saved fuel and increased the flight range. However, a wing with greater sweep (especially with more powerful engines) gave the aircraft better speed characteristics.
The sketch was presented to Brezhnev and received approval, which was almost decisive at that time. After approval, the Yakovlev Design Bureau decided to reduce the development time of the new machine by one year. At the end of 1974, an experimental machine was ready, and in March 1975 it took off for the first time.
The tests were carried out as usual, but the speed characteristics of the vehicle were lower than expected - 680 km/h at an altitude of 8 thousand meters. In the Ministry civil aviation they required that the new airliner have a cruising speed of 700-800 km/h. To achieve similar characteristics, the Yakovlev Design Bureau decided to increase the wing sweep.
Changes to the design were made very quickly: within a few months the Yak-42 with a wing new form took part in test flights. The aircraft received excellent reviews from test pilots; they noted the excellent power supply of the new aircraft, its excellent controllability, stability and good aerobatic qualities.
In 1977, the Yak-42 was shown at the international aviation exhibition in France.
Serial production of the new aircraft began in 1977, but it received an airworthiness certificate only in 1980, when its operation began. A serious blow to the project was the 1982 disaster near Mozyr, as a result of which everyone on board died. After this tragedy, production and flights of the Yak-42 were stopped for two years.
In 1988, production began of a new modification of the aircraft - the Yak-42D, which had a longer flight range and increased take-off weight. This machine was exported. Currently, due to the cessation of the activities of the Saratov Aviation Plant, maintenance of Yak-42D aircraft is no longer carried out.
The last Yak-42 was manufactured in 2003. In Russia, the operation of these aircraft continued until the tragedy that occurred on September 7, 2011. On this day, a Yak-42 crashed near Yaroslavl, with the local hockey team Lokomotiv on board. The accident killed 44 people. After these events, Yak-42 flights were suspended.
Description of design
The Yak-42 is a low-wing aircraft with three engines, a semi-monocoque fuselage and a tricycle retractable landing gear. Login passenger compartment is carried out through a retractable ladder at the tail of the aircraft (as on the Yak-40). Such a scheme made access ramps unnecessary, which many third-class airfields did not have at all.
The design of the aircraft used many innovative solutions for its time, which made it possible to achieve characteristics that often contradict each other: the Yak-42 can land and take off from poorly prepared airfields, while the machine has a good cruising speed and excellent efficiency.
At the front of the aircraft's fuselage is the pilot's cabin, as well as a niche for the front landing gear. This is followed by the passenger cabin with a maximum capacity of 120 people.
The Yak-42 is equipped with three D-36 engines with a high bypass ratio (it is equal to 5.4), in addition, they are highly reliable and economical. Two engines are installed in engine nacelles, and another is located in the fuselage, at the base of the fin. The significant thrust-to-weight ratio of the D-36 engine made it possible to take off and land even if one of the engines failed. It should also be noted that D-36 have minimal emissions and comply with international environmental standards.
It should be added that the designers made every effort to reduce their aircraft noise level. Its level fully complies with international standards. The engine nacelles are equipped with a special noise reduction system consisting of perforated inserts made of metal and plastic.
The Yak-42 chassis is tricycle; its retraction and release, as well as braking, are carried out by a hydraulic system. The wheels are unified with those used on the Tu-154.
The aircraft hydraulic system has two subsystems - main and emergency. It is responsible for the operation of the wing mechanization elements, controls the stabilizer and rudder, and extends and retracts the landing gear.
Of all the types of domestic aircraft still in use in civil aviation, the Yak-42 remains in the shadows more than others. Meanwhile, these are unique cars that are worth paying attention to.
Now the largest operator of this type is Saratov Airlines. This is not surprising, given that mass production of the Yak-42 was established in Saratov.
2. The base airport for Saratov Yaks is Saratov, but very often Saratov residents can be met at Domodedovo Airport. The airline has 14 Yak-42 aircraft in its fleet, 4 of which are in storage.
In addition to Saratov Airlines, the Yak-42 is operated by the following domestic airlines:
Izhavia - 8 aircraft, Tulpar-AIR - 7 aircraft, Grozny Avia - 4 aircraft, KrasAvia - 2 aircraft, EMERCOM of the Russian Federation - 2 aircraft. Until recently, Gazprom Avia had several Yak-42s, but the airline abandoned this type. Several aircraft also fly in Iran, China, Pakistan and Cuba. 
3. A little about the history of the Yak-42. This type was developed from 1972 to 1980 to replace the popular but aging Tu-134. In 1988, serial production of a new modification with increased range and maximum take-off weight began - the Yak-42D. 
4. A total of 183 Yak-42 aircraft were produced (two of them for strength tests): 11 at the Smolensk Aviation Plant from 1977 to 1981, most of them - 172 aircraft at the Saratov Aviation Plant. In 2003, the production of Yak-42 aircraft was stopped, the fuselages of unproduced aircraft were cut into scrap metal. 
5. The design of the aircraft was developed for operation at a wide variety of airfields. So the Yak-42 does not require such a long runway as the most common types of aircraft Boeing-737 and Airbus A319. Also, the Yak-42 does not require an airstrip. 
6. Specifications Yak-42:
Manufacturer: OKB A. S. Yakovlev, medium-range, narrow-body type.
Length 36.38 m, wingspan 34.88 m, wing area 150 m².
Cruising speed 700 km/h
Maximum speed 0.75 M (810 km/h)
Flight range 2900 km
Flight altitude 9100 m
Takeoff length 1800 m
Run length 1670 m
Empty weight 33500 kg
Fuel consumption 3100 kg/h
Specific fuel consumption 35.0 g/(pass. km)
Crew: 2 pilots and 1 flight mechanic
Number of passengers (economy) 120
Engines 3 × 63.74 kN Progress D-36
7. Let's get to know the plane better. To do this, let's go into the hangar, where aircraft maintenance and repair are carried out. 
8. The plane is truly unique. 
9. This board of airport equipment is commonly referred to as a “drop”.
After the Saratov aircraft plant stopped producing the Yak-42, and then went completely bankrupt and closed, it became very difficult to maintain this type. It seems that only the love of aviation allows the technicians to keep these planes alive. 
10. It must be said that despite the shortcomings inherent in the Yak-42, among which is primarily low efficiency, the aircraft had prospects for development. Options for replacing engines, new avionics, as well as an extended version of the Yak-42M, designed for 168 passengers, were being explored.
11. Unfortunately, plans to improve the Yak-42 are a thing of the past. 
12. Let's go around the back of the plane and go inside along the boarding ramp. 
13. The salon is quite short, 3+3 layout. 
14. During repair work, the chairs are carefully covered with covers. 
15. Let's look into the cabin. Of course, you won't find a bunch of computers here. Warm analog devices. Engineers are shamanizing in the cockpit. 
16. I wait until the cabin is free and take another shot. 
17. A real metal steering wheel with a chic “Yak-42D” nameplate in the center. 
18. The same letters, but larger, are on the cab door. 
19. Another shot of the Yak-42. We flew to Saratov and back on a more modern and comfortable one, but I still really want to make the same flight on a domestic Yak-42. 
I would like to say a big thank you to the technicians whose golden hands allow the Yaks to still plow the skies.
P.S. Interesting facts about the Yak-42:
1. The engines on the Yak-42 operate without reverse. The plane lands at low speed; the landing gear brakes and wing mechanization are sufficient for braking.
2. In the Georgian city of Rustavi, the Yak-42’s decommissioned brother, the Yak-40, was converted into a kindergarten (photo: www.kulturologia.ru).
3. Domestic pop figure Sergei Minaev sang the following lines in a parody of a song by the Swedish group Yaki-Da:
If planes don’t fly in bad weather, it’s no problem,
“Ilys” cannot, but “Yakis” can.
Considering that Yaks have lower requirements for airfields, this is very similar to reality.
4. There were also projects for transport versions of the Yak-42.
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