Russian numismatic museums. Numismatics Department International Museum of Numismatics

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Let’s not forget that numismatics is also a historical science. And if you add here what brilliant artists and graphic artists consider it an honor to take part in the production of coins, then you should not be surprised that there are large numismatics departments in all any well-known museums in the world, and Russia, of course, is no exception.

The foundation of the first large Russian collections was laid by Peter I, who actively acquired numismatic rarities during his trips abroad. It was then that a series of medals commemorating the events of the reign of Louis XIV in France was acquired, and in 1721 the famous series of antique coins of Lueders was acquired. In the 18th century, Peter’s collection was significantly enriched by rare finds of gold and silver in Siberia. In the end, by the 20s of the 18th century, the so-called “sovereign cabinet” included no less than 29 thousand coins and medals.

The first truly museum of numismatics was opened in Russia in 1719 - the famous “Kunstkamera” in St. Petersburg, where the collection of Peter I was transferred. From the time of Catherine II, the collection was placed under the jurisdiction of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Kunstkamera became the main state repository of coins, which received primarily not only found and purchased coins, but also samples of newly minted ones in the country for internal circulation.

With the formation of a collection of art treasures in the Hermitage, a large numismatic section was also formed there. And in Soviet times, samples of new coins, the state began to send to the Hermitage collection.

In Moscow, the most valuable coins always went first to the Armory Chamber. This is where unique treasures found on the territory of the Kremlin are kept.

But in the capital, quite quickly, as they say, with private donations, a significant collection was formed and State Museum Fine Arts named after. Pushkin on Volkhonka. The basis of this collection was the collection of the “Cabinet of Coins and Medals” of the University. Lomonosov. Both the industrialist Demidov (1803) and the Emperor Alexander I considered it an honor to donate their collections to the University. In 1826, there were already 4 thousand coins, and after significant gifts and purchases of Roman coins by Reichel and Heideken, the collections of Turgenev and Perovsky, the University already had more than than 20 thousand unique exhibits.

The University’s collection was transferred to the museum on Volkhonka in 1912 after its opening. When, after the Revolution, the museum was given state status, the requisitioned valuables of Counts Stroganov and Bobrinsky flowed here like a river. A unique collection of almost one and a half thousand ancient Greek and Roman coins of the famous Russian philosopher and publicist Rozanov was also transferred here.

Today the collection of the Pushkin Museum includes (and this is far from full list, only the most significant):
- Golikov Collection as an independent exhibition - 3019 coins Ancient world, 3062 coins of Western Europe, 3,272 copies of Russian coins and more than 700 coins of the East.
- Collection of archaeologist and numismatist Pakhomov - more than 10,000 coins.
- Gift from the Hermitage - more than 2000 rare coins Ancient Greece and Rome, more than 5,000 coins of the imperial period of the Russian collection, containing all types and variants of silver coinage, rare examples of gold and platinum coins.
- Collection of coins of ancient Greece, Rome and the East, covering the archaic, classical, Hellenic and Roman historical periods from the 7th century. BC according to the 5th century AD
- Collection of the Middle Ages - coins of Byzantium and Western European states, samples from the times from 395 to 1629.

But all the listed museums are of a state nature.

In 2015, a unique event took place in Moscow - the opening of the first independent private museum of numismatics.

In the very center of the capital, at Bolshaya Afanasyevsky Lane, 24, in the building of the Zinoviev-Yusupov Chambers, which are almost 500 years old, a new numismatic, permanent exhibition has opened.

The basis of the created museum was the collection of LUKOIL President Vagit Alekperov. Visitors are offered Russian gold and silver, medieval thalers and gold antique coins - more than 300 pieces. According to many experts, Alekperov’s collection is one of the three largest private collections in Russia. Here and

Golden penny of the “Tsar” Vladislav Zhigimontovich (1610–1612), and,
- gold ducat of 1711 without denomination of mintage of the Kadashevsky Mint, and,
- trial ruble of Elizabeth Petrovna of 1756, and,
- a set of three platinum coins in denominations of 3, 6 and 12 rubles from 1839, and,
- a Bavarian thaler, the design of which served as the basis for the so-called family one and a half ruble minted in 1835.

The museum was created in full accordance with the spirit of the times - powerful computer software and the ability to significantly zoom in on any exhibit for detailed study.

International Numismatic Club, aka, is located in Moscow, in the restored building of the Zinoviev-Yusupov chambers

Founded international numismatic club(MNK) V. Yu. Alekperov- President of Lukoil, it is his collection that is mostly represented in the museum. The club began its existence in October 2015, and later in January 2016 received the “title” of a museum.

Login Vagit Alekperov Numismatic Museum You can’t just walk off the street and buy a ticket. In order to purchase a ticket and visit the exhibition, you must register in advance on the museum’s website http://coinmuseum.ru/about/. Registration is not difficult, you need to enter your last name, first name, patronymic and date of birth, as well as an email to which tickets will be sent to you. By purchasing tickets to the museum, you are signing up for an excursion; you won’t be able to just walk around and look at the coins. One excursion group is a group of up to 10 people, the duration of the excursion is 1 hour. Excursions are conducted 9 times a week: 3 times a day (12:00; 14:00 and 16:00) on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays.

Because Vagit Alekperov Numismatic Museum is located in the very center of Moscow, getting to it is not difficult. There is paid parking near the museum if you prefer personal transport. When choosing public transport, the easiest way to get to the museum is from the Kropotkinskaya or Arbat metro stations (exit to Volkhonka street), then to Old Arbat and follow it until the turn to B. Afanasyevsky lane. (turn left), to house No. 24.

It is advisable to arrive at the place in advance, at least 10 minutes before the start of the excursion. Next, go to the front door and say that you have come for a tour, go to the corner of the building, where security will let you inside. A guide will meet you in the building.

The excursion is quite interesting. The guide talks about the history of this establishment, as well as about the coins presented in the exhibition, as well as old literature (also presented in the display cases). The guide knows his business well and if you have any questions, you will receive answers containing reliable information.

Photo and video shooting in Vagit Alekperov Numismatic Museum without the consent of the administration is prohibited. However, even if the shooting is agreed upon, there are a number of restrictions, for example, you cannot shoot coins close up.

IN numismatic museum antique coins, medieval coins and of course coins are presented Russian Empire. Of course, you won’t be able to touch the coins; they are all on stands, under protective glass. For convenience and detailed study of coins, near each stand and showcase there is an electronic display on which you can enlarge the image and read information about the coin of interest.

For any numismatist visit Vagit Alekperov Numismatic Museum will become an unforgettable experience and a very interesting spectacle. Address: Moscow, Bolshoy Afanasyevsky Lane, building 24.

The department's exhibition features more than thirty private collections received from donors since the 1980s. Currently, the museum collection includes over seven thousand works of Russian and Western European art of the 15th–20th centuries. These are painting, graphics, sculpture, applied art and artistic photography. The collections differ from each other in their focus and structure. They are divided by type of art, among them there are monographic and thematic.

From the practice of large museums around the world, it is known that when private collections enter their collections, they are disbanded and works of various types of art are distributed among several funds. Only the best works are selected for exhibition. Thus, the integrity of a private collection is violated, its originality is lost, the personality of the collector fades into the background, being of interest, as a rule, only to specialists.

The exhibition of the halls of the Department of Personal Collections does not violate the integrity of individual collections and seeks to emphasize the original intention of those who created them over many years. At the same time, special attention is paid to the personality of each collector, his tastes and preferences. According to one of the first authors of the idea of ​​​​creating a museum of personal collections in Russia, Prince Sergei Shcherbatov, such a museum is designed to preserve the “spiritual connection” between the collection and its former owner.

A special place in the collection is given to the collection of the museum’s founder – a famous scientist and cultural figure of the 20th century. I. S. Zilberstein. It contains over two thousand works of painting and graphics, occupying four exhibition halls. These are works of the highest level, executed in various techniques and genres, representing the work of individual masters and various artistic associations, in particular the masters of the “World of Art”. Such collections themselves can be independent museums.

Many collections are valuable due to the preservation of the original intentions of the collector and high artistic quality. These include the collection of Russian realistic painting of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries by S. V. Solovyov, a metal carver, whose example was the work of P. M. Tretyakov; collection of Russian painting of the late 19th - early 20th centuries by Leningrad professor A. N. Ramm; collection of bronze animalistic sculpture by foreign and Russian masters of the 19th century, Colonel of the Veterinary Service E. S. Stepanov.

The museum also introduces visitors to the collections that were collected throughout their lives by representatives of the Russian artistic and scientific intelligentsia. They include not only works of art, but also memorial objects that introduce the personality of the collector. The theme of the artistic environment of a creative personality is embodied in the hall, where paintings and graphic works from the collection of the great musician and pianist Svyatoslav Richter are presented. He was a friend of the Pushkin Museum and the inspirer of the December Evenings music festival, held annually at the museum. Svyatoslav Teofilovich donated to the Department of Personal Collections a collection of paintings and graphics by R. Falk, V. Shukhaev, N. Goncharova, D. Krasnopevtsev and other artists.

Currently, private museums and galleries are opening more and more often, the founders of which make their collections available to the general public. One example is the founding of a numismatic museum in the capital. The great interest of specialists in such an event is evidenced by the fact that a board of trustees was created at the institution, which included heads of museums with large numismatic collections (M. Piotrovsky, E. Gagarina, M. Loshak).

Exhibits of the exhibition

The opening of the International Moscow Numismatic Museum was a landmark event last year. This event attracted not only the Russian but also the international community. The collection, presented to specialists, scientists, and, finally, the interested public, is unique: it contains coins from antiquity to the Soviet period. Among the exhibits are not only rubles, kopecks, chervonets, but also from the Ancient World and the Middle Ages

Numismatics as an auxiliary historical discipline

Numismatics is one of the auxiliary historical disciplines that studies coins: their origin, dating, external features, and so on. This section of science is one of the main ones, along with paleography, chronology, and sphragistics. Study monetary system allows you to analyze not only the economic situation in a particular city, principality, state, but also show the political development of the country, since minting your own coin is an indicator of the wealth and power of the ruler. The study of coins is the object of serious research by domestic and foreign historians. The main source of materials is the excavation of treasures, in which money from various states can be found in abundance.

Exhibitions of the Moscow Museum of Numismatics

Serious scientific interest in monetary units arose in Russia in the 18th century along with the emergence of historical science as an independent discipline. Since then, Russian scientists have accumulated vast experience in studying coins, collecting and processing this most valuable source.

A museum of numismatics opened in Moscow in October 2015 (in the restored Zinoviev-Yusupov chambers of the 17th century), which should be considered as a new stage in the study monetary units various countries. Its founder is V. Alekperov, president of OJSC Lukoil, whose collection formed the basis of the fund. The Museum of Numismatics in Moscow includes not only an exhibition hall, but a library, a conference room, and a Numismatics Club, which allows not only specialists, but also simply interested people to get acquainted with the exhibits and receive all the necessary information.

Coins of antiquity and the Middle Ages in the Moscow Museum of Numismatics

The International Museum of Numismatics in Moscow includes a collection of approximately five thousand items. Alekperov collected them for fourteen years, so you can see a lot of interesting things in the new museum. At the exhibition it is worth paying attention to coins from antiquity: Ancient Greece, as well as Byzantine Empire(about three hundred in total). The Middle Ages are represented here by thalers, Russian history- five hundred coins as well as the period. The oldest example is a hectae with the image of a rooster from the city of Phocaea, dating back to the 5th century BC. e.

The Numismatics Museum in Moscow houses medieval thalers. The most interesting of them are Bavarian coins.

Russian moneyXVII- XVIIIcenturies in the numismatic museum

Of the Russian coins, one should highlight the gold penny of Vladislav Zhigimontovich, the son of the Polish king Sigismund III, who, according to the treaty near Smolensk on February 4, 1610, was supposed to convert to Orthodoxy and become the Russian Tsar. After the deposition of Vasily Shuisky in the summer of the same year, the Moscow government - the Seven Boyars - recognized Vladislav as king and even issued a coin in his name. The above-mentioned golden penny of the Polish prince testifies to Poland's claims to Muscovite Rus'.

The Museum of Numismatics in Moscow also keeps curious chervonets minted in the 1700s. This was the time of the reign of Peter I, who was interested in updating the economic system in Russia. New coins from the beginning of his reign are an example of the king’s concern for the country’s finances. There is also a trial ruble of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna from 1756.

Coins of the Tsarist period in the Moscow Museum of Numismatics

In addition to the above images, the collection includes a set of coins from the 19th century. The Numismatics Museum in Moscow stores platinum coins from the reign of Nicholas I (1825-1855). The samples date back to 1839 - the time of the reforms of the Minister of Finance E.F. Kankrin. The presented denominations - three, six and twelve rubles - are a valuable source of the history of monetary reform in the empire at the end of 1839-1843.

Undoubtedly, such an exhibition of the collection will attract not only specialist scientists, but also the general public. The fact that private individuals are collecting antiquities and presenting them as exhibits indicates that historical science is gaining popularity in Russian society.

This is what the Numismatics Museum in Moscow is like. Address: building 24. The institution holds lectures at which scientists talk about the exhibits, and the Numismatists Club proves the development of interest in coins among non-professionals.