The name of the event is Lake Baikal. Extracurricular activity "in the living room by Lake Baikal"
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MOTTO:
"Observe, study, explore"
- introduce Lake Baikal, the unusual and mysterious phenomena of the life of the lake, the only river flowing from Lake Baikal - the Angara and the rivers flowing into Baikal, with its inhabitants (seal and fish);
- teach to understand beauty, cultivate an ecological culture, a sense of responsibility for the fate of the lake, a humane attitude towards animals;
- promote a shared experience of success, joy from the ability to work collectively and achieve the desired result.
Equipment:
- geographical map of Lake Baikal;
- toy - boat, audio recording of the sound of waves;
- pebbles from the lake shore, student work,
- presentation.
Stages of the project:
Stage 1:
Students are divided into three groups, each of which works with additional literature. If necessary, seek advice and help from the teacher and parents.
- Group 1: "Pathfinders";
- Group 2: “Nature lovers”;
- Group 3: "Livestock breeders".
Stage 2:
The collected information is summarized.
Progress of the lesson
Dear guys, today we are going on a trip by ship.
(Children sit around a geographical map of Lake Baikal.)
The first group makes the following messages:
First, let's look at the geographic map.
On the map, Baikal has the shape of a young moon. This is how it is seen from space. The lake is located in Russia, on the territory of the Baikal Territory and the Buryat Republic. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world, it is the planet’s well with clean drinking water.
If all sources of drinking water on Earth suddenly disappeared, and only Baikal remained, then all the people of the globe, using its water, could live for almost half a century.
The sea tempered and healed.
My strong grandfather
From any trouble
In Tuesk, like a conspiracy against illness,
Baikal brought me water.
A. Rumyantsev
Who knows why Baikal is called that?
All the peoples who inhabited the shores of Baikal - Buryats, Kirghiz, Mongols, Evenks, Russians - called the lake in their own way. This name was probably translated from some other language. But from which one? Scientists suggest that the name of the lake was given by Turkic-speaking peoples - KURYKANS.
BAIKAL is a Turkic word from BAYKYUL, which means RICH LAKE.
So, the command "Gathering!"
(A toy - a boat is put on a card.)
Great. Close your eyes and imagine that our ship is sailing on the sea, rocking on the waves.
(Audio recording of wave noise sounds .)
Baikal is surrounded on all sides by mountains and highlands, sometimes they come close to the water itself, sometimes they move 10 - 20 km away from the shores.
Along west bank The Primorsky ridge stretches to the southern part of Baikal. Further to the north it gives way to the Baikal ridge. The Barguzinsky ridge stretches from the northeastern tip of Baikal, the Ulan-Burgasy ridge stretches along the eastern shore, and the Ikatsky ridge to the north of it. Along the eastern shore is the Khamar-Daban mountain range.
Thus, the guys told us where Baikal is.
What mountains and ranges surround it.
Let's rest now.
Phys. just a minute:
We rest peacefully and fall asleep in a magical sleep. Inhale - exhale, inhale - exhale, inhale - exhale. I hear the sound of the sea, the breaking waves and the rustling of coastal waves. The wave talks to me and says: “Relax, calm down, rest. Feel the clean air of the sea: Warmth and light caress the body. Relax and listen to the silence.
It's good for us to rest, but it's time to get up. Clench your fists tighter and raise them higher. Stretch, smile, open your eyes and wake up.
SECOND GROUP REPORT:
The journey continues.
There is the Angara River. It originates in the southwestern part of Baikal, cutting through the low Primorsky ridge. The total length of the Angara is 1826 km.
The Angara has a fast current and clear water. It freezes late and opens early.
Angara - river,
The waters are clean,
The islands along it are all wooded,
The islands along it are all covered in currants,
There is no more beautiful than my homeland.
Scarlet dawns are burning above you,
Angara - river - daughter of Baikalov.
M. Trofimov
Teacher: Shaman - a stone - is it just a pebble?
It is located in the middle of the sea from Irkutsk.
The myth of the Shaman stone.
In the old days, mighty Baikal was cheerful and kind. He deeply loved his only daughter Angara. There was no more beautiful woman on Earth.
During the day it is bright - brighter than the sky, at night - darker than a cloud. And no matter who drove past the Angara, everyone admired it, everyone praised it. Even migratory birds - geese, swans, cranes - descended low, but the Angaras rarely landed on the water. They said: “Is it possible to blacken something light?”
Old man Baikal took care of his daughter more than his heart.
One day, when Baikal fell asleep, Angara rushed to run to her lover, the handsome Yenisei.
The father woke up and splashed his waves angrily. A terrible storm arose, the mountains began to weep, forests fell, the sky turned black from grief, animals scattered in fear all over the earth, fish dived to the very bottom, birds flew away to the sun. Only the wind howled and the lake raged - the hero. The mighty Baikal hit the gray mountain, broke off a rock from it and threw it after the fleeing daughter.
The rock fell on the very throat of the beauty. Blue-eyed Angara begged, gasping and sobbing, and began to ask: “Father, I’m dying of thirst, forgive me and give me at least one drop of water:”
Baikal shouted angrily: “I can only give you my tears!”
For hundreds of years, the Angara has flowed into the Yenisei as water - a tear, and the gray, lonely Baikal has become gloomy and scary. People called the rock that Baikal threw after his daughter SHAMAN - STONE. Rich sacrifices were brought there. People said: “Baikal will be angry, it will tear off the SHAMAN STONE, the water will gush and flood the whole earth.”
Yes, Baikal can be different - harsh and inhospitable, when stormy winds carry cold and large number precipitation in the form of rain and snow; calm and majestic when in calm weather the sun plays in the Baikal wave.
Baikal is beautiful at any time of the year, especially in summer. Summer on Baikal - best time when the water heats up and colorful hills rage, when fish play generously near the shore to the cries of seagulls, and at every step along the road you encounter either raspberries or honeysuckle. Summer on Baikal is joy!
Physical exercise.
Baikal is unique; it is not for nothing that Siberians call it not a lake, but a sea.
Look at the map.
What large rivers flow into Baikal? (Selenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Turka, Snezhnaya). Well done.
336 rivers flow into Baikal, but only one flows out - the Angara.
Do the rivers that flow near our city flow into the lake?
Let's follow up:
The Mykyrt River into the Balyaga River, Balyaga into the Khilok River, Khilok into the Chikoy River and Chikoy into the Selenga. And Selenga? To Lake Baikal.
THIS MEANS that our small rivers carry their waters into a huge lake. Therefore, they should not be clogged.
Neither a fish nor a whale.
Who is she - go and find out!
He catches fish and is silent.
Did you guess it? (this is a seal)
THE REPORT IS MADE BY THE THIRD GROUP.
The most important resident of the lake is the seal.
The seal lives in the waters of Lake Baikal. The seal is closest to the terrestrial predators of the bear family, but is adapted to water. The seal belongs to the order of pinnipeds (teacher's explanation). And she is named so because her forelimbs have transformed into flippers, which serve her for movement. The seal's tail is short and there are no ears at all. In mid-March, a seal calf, a squirrel, is born on the ice in a snowy lair. The squirrel is 60 - 80 cm long and weighs 3 - 3.5 kg, its fur is white. The cub is so white that only two large black eyes stand out against the background of snow. The seal feeds on fish that it catches in the water. You can stay under water for 20 - 25 minutes. In calm weather, the seal swims around Lake Baikal and sleeps with its muzzle out of the water and its flippers spread to the sides. In winter, the seal does not come to the surface of the ice; it breathes through a hole that it makes in the thin ice. The Baikal seal is listed in the Red Book.
Seals are trainable. They obey the trainer, for which they receive a treat - a long-winged goby (fish). They know how to breakdance, sing, laugh and blow their mustaches noisily.
There are a lot of fish in Baikal. Currently, there are 58 species of fish in the lake, the most famous among them are omul, grayling, and whitefish. Sturgeon has become very rare. There is much less of it than sorog, perch, and ide, which are found in the bays of Baikal.
Our journey ends.
We will make a panel from the works that you have prepared.
(The names of ridges, rivers, and inhabitants of the lake appear on the map of Baikal).
Literature.
- Children's encyclopedia (various years of production and publication)
- N.I. Esipenok "Baikal - lake of fairy tales" Irkutsk
Watch the presentation "Sacred Baikal".
Olga Rybak
Ecological holiday “Glorious Sea - Sacred Baikal”
Target: develop environmental initiatives
Tasks:
Expand children's understanding of nature conservation; cultivate a caring attitude, desire and ability to provide all possible assistance to her;
To educate children's moral and aesthetic feelings:
love of nature native land, desire to know more about him natural resources, the ability to understand its beauty, to capture the mood caused by this or that picture of nature, to establish the relationship between different types of art that reflect the same pictures of nature;
- music: develop an idea of the visual capabilities of music, its ability to reflect natural phenomena; perceive the image of a mighty, menacing sea, distinguish and note the change in dynamic shades that convey the movement of waves, now intensifying, now subsiding; speak out about the nature of music; improve performing abilities and creative expressions.
- literature: to introduce to the world of poetry, to form the desire and ability to listen to a literary text, to highlight its figurative sound, to feel the beauty, to experience the joy of perceiving a poetic image; using literature to develop speech, enrich vocabulary, influence the formation of imagery and expressiveness of speech; develop imagination in the process of perceiving literary works, memorizing them and reading them by heart; encourage, when observing objects and natural phenomena, to recall familiar poems.
- visual activity: to form the need to convey the beauty of nature in fine art; involve in organizing exhibitions of creative works on nature themes; to form the rudiments of artistic taste when perceiving and depicting the beauty of nature.
- ecology: to encourage the desire and desire to admire objects and natural phenomena, to evoke a feeling of pleasure from contemplating its beauty; encourage to notice and name as many aesthetic properties and qualities of objects and natural phenomena as possible; consolidate knowledge of the rules of behavior in nature, involving in hard work.
PROCEDURE OF THE HOLIDAY:
Hall festively decorated. There is a throne near the central wall. To the music of the song "Blue Water" N. Lukonina children enter the hall and take their seats.
Presenter - Lake Baikal... There are many legends, songs, tales about him.
After all, this lake is the largest, deepest, most ancient,
characterized by great biodiversity. Our story is about him.
There are so many lakes in the world,
Baikal more beautiful than all of them!
The water is clean and your wind is fresh,
There's a whisper of centuries-old pines
(M. Pavlov)
Children 1 - Baikal- the blue eye of Russia,
Baikal - the blue eye of the earth,
Nature itself blessed
The place where you appeared.
2 - You are more and more every year,
You are beautiful in summer, wonderful in winter,
Rocks and mountains surround you,
The taiga next to you is huge.
3 - The most delicious omul is in your waters,
There are grayling, whitefish, golomyanka,
And the cool air here is so fresh and clean,
It’s as if not in life, but in a fairy tale.
(L. Mandrygina)
SONG « GLORIOUS SEA – SACRED BAIKAL»
Presenter - Today we have an extraordinary holiday, dedicated
lake Baikal. But what kind holiday without Father Baikal?
What should we do? Shouldn't we send a messenger?
(The presenter chooses a messenger (child).
Have a nice trip, come back quickly! In the meantime, we are waiting for news
from our messenger, guess the aunt's riddles Tamara:
Collects water from the mountains
Under the murmuring conversation,
She gives her daughter water day and night.
The one with the handsome Yenisei
Runs briskly away.
(Baikal, Angara)
Small island in small sea,
City of seagulls on... (Edore).
The island is a natural monument,
The waters are deep and clear.
The winds stroke and bite,
They tear it off piece by piece.
Ant capital,
Snakes and birds live there.
Bewitched by someone's will
There is a bear chained to a mountain.
(Olkhon Island)
(A knock is heard. A messenger appears, father Baikal(adult).
Baikal- I am a very formidable ruler,
Lord of fish and seals.
Why did you call me?
And tore you from sleep?
Presenter - My gloomy and gray Baikal,
Why are you angry, you’re not yourself?
Why aren’t you cheerful, hanging your head?
Baikal - Ran away from me
My daughter Angara.
Host - Terrible Father Baikal,
Don't be angry with us.
A song about your water
We'll sing now.
(Baikal sits on the throne.)
SONG "ABOUT VODITA" (music and lyrics by E. Kravkl):
1. Favorite fairy tales have two pages.
I ask you to remember them quickly,
It's very simple living water there
Suddenly he revives the heroes.
Chorus: And this is a miracle, and this is a mystery,
And it’s not nonsense!
And, of course, it is no coincidence
What brings life to the whole world is water!
2. A wave splashed onto the wild shore -
And the stone came to life and sparkled,
Birds arose, animals arose -
And the gray-haired man smiled Baikal.
Chorus:
(Baikal smiles.)
Baikal- I am pleased with your song
I'll chase away the remnants of sleep:
I'll invite smart guys
On a trip to Baikal!
(Baikal invites children to answer the questions of the quiz “Did you know
Baikal?»)
1. What does the word mean? Baikal?
2. What kind of winds are there? Baikal?
3. What is the most numerous fish in Baikal?
4. How old is the lake? Baikal?
5. Which Russian folk song mentions the omul barrel?
(Baikal praises children)
Dance "Fish"
Baikal - Songs sang, danced,
But you haven't played yet.
SIBERIAN GAME "STREAMS AND LAKES":
(Players stand in 5-7 columns with the same number of players in different
parts of the hall are streams. On signal “The streams started running!” everyone is running after each other
home, without leaving the stream. On signal "Lakes!" children stop and take up
hands and build circles-lakes. Those who build the circle the fastest win.)
Presenter - Na We live in Baikal,
We chew dried biscuits and gingerbread.
We know a lot of ditties
And now we’ll sing them.
DITTS:
On We walked in Baikal -
They threw stones.
We noticed beauty -
The garbage was removed.
On We love to go to Baikal,
Let's tell everyone in the world.
What do we live on? Baikal-
We are proud of it!
Presenter - Handsome Baikal at any time of the year!
Winter and summer, autumn is beautiful!
It was not in vain that Mother Nature tried,
Combining all the miracles into one!
(S. Shishmarev)
Children 1 - When they tell me « Baikal»
I see ships, piers,
I see the sky, I see the mountains,
All around Baikal expanses.
2 - I’ve been there more than once.
Baikal attracts me so much
There's a sparkling diamond of stars,
And the clarity of the waters, and the Shaman-stone.
3 - Baikal is illuminated by sunset,
In the evening it sparkles so much.
And in the morning the scarlet dawn...
Children (together)- We weren’t here in vain!
(A. Chabanenko)
CHOREOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION "WAVES"
Baikal- In a painted stroller
A fairy tale has arrived
Yes about the lake Baikal,
Along the Sayan pass,
Yes, along the rainbow-arc,
Yes, along the Solzan River.
(T. Dolbunova)
(Baikal invites children to listen to Becky Gray's fairy tale "Who will save the lake?"
("Siberian" No. 2/96). The fairy tale ends words: "What can you do
are you there to help?” Baikal talks to children, conducts the game “What Baikal
ok, so what Baikal is bad»)
Children - Baikal is our pearl!
Baikal - the lungs of the planet!
Live, Baikal!
(Baikal says goodbye to children, leaves the hall. Holiday the excursion ends
this on Baikal)
Literature:
1. “Visual aids in musical education of preschool children” L. N. Komissarova, E. P. Kostina.
2. "Our Motherland" N. F. Vinogradova, S. A. Kozlava.
3. "Nature and Music" O. P. Radynova.
4. “Aesthetic education program for children 2-7 years old” ("Beauty. Joy. Creation") T. S. Komarova, A. V. Antonova, M. B. Zatsepina.
5. "Siberian" №5 / 95.
6. "Siberian" №2 / 96 .
7. "The amazing journey of the Siberian Baikal» (little encyclopedia of Siberian) S. N. Aslamova, S. M. Sergienko.
8. "Four Seasons" S. A. Veretennikova, A. A. Klykov.
HOLIDAY SCENARIO,
DEDICATE
BAIKAL DAY
"PEARL OF SIBERIA"
Baikal Day Scenario
Bolshoye Goloustnoe village.
Before the start of the holiday there is cheerful music, stand decorations,
exhibition of arts and crafts of residents
Goloustnensky municipal district.
The melody of the song “Glorious Sea, Sacred Baikal” sounds -
This is the signal for the start of the holiday.
Sounds phonogram and everyone sings a song
“Glorious sea, sacred Baikal” (1 verse and 1 chorus).
1 ved: I love sacred lake
Transparent sea Baikal
He is very powerful, wide
Spread among the rocks.
2 leads: If minor anxieties have disappeared from your soul after meeting an ordinary earthly miracle, it means that you have met Baikal.
And you and I have gathered to experience tenderness and pride in our unique, inimitable land.
The floor for congratulations goes to the deputy head of the Goloustnensky municipal formation, Olga Mikhailovna Zhukova.
1 ved: The Motherland begins with memory,
From honoring our origins
From the coat of arms, anthem, Russian banner
With respect for the covenants of the saints.
2 leads: Today is an unusual day; today the streets of our country look more elegant than ever. Because today Russia celebrates National Flag Day! All countries of the world, all states existing on earth, have their own flags. They are a distinctive sign. National flag- this is the history of the country and its present day. A symbol of the unity of the country and the independence of our people. The national flag is raised during ceremonial events, holidays and the Anthem is always played at this time. Russian Federation. And now, under the banner of the Russian Federation, SMIRONO!
(The child solemnly carries out the flag.)
After this, the Anthem of the Russian Federation is played.
1 ved: We have many guests at the holiday. The floor for congratulations goes to the chairman of the Irkutsk regional public organization “All-Russian Society for Nature Conservation” Vera Mikhailovna Shlenova.
The floor is given ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 ved: Bells are ringing, floating over Russia
This chime gives us no peace
It conquers the soul and makes you think.
The floor for congratulations is given to priest Sergius, rector of the Church of St. Nicholas in the village of Bolshoye Goloustnoye.
2 leads: Holy sea!
Dear Baikal!
There is no equal to you
You have sunk into my soul.
1 ved: You look around - and your soul is light
And in the heart there is a song
So, freely, widely
And a sweet song about the native land is sung
And the blood boils and the heart beats proudly,
And you joyfully listen to the sound of the words:
“I was Baikal’s daughter,
This is the land of my fathers."
The folk ensemble “Baikal - Dalai” is invited to the stage!
(A song about Baikal sounds).
2 leads: Dear Baikal, I live only by you,
I draw strength from you,
I breathe only you.
(The song “Thunder Baikal” plays.
Music by Knyazev. Words by Korchagin).
1 ved: The sun laughs tenderly
Shines brighter, hotter
And from the stage the song flows
About my side.
(Song plays ___________________________________).
2 ved : There is just a temple
There is a temple of science
And there is also a temple of nature -
With scaffolding reaching out
Towards the sun and winds.
He mixed at any time of the day,
Open to us in hot and cold weather.
Come here, be a little hearty,
Do not desecrate her shrines.
1 ved: What can each of you do?
2 leads: Firstly, do not pollute the environment.
1 ved: Antoine de Saint-Exupéry has this rule: “You got up in the morning, washed your face, put yourself in order, immediately put your planet in order.”
2 leads: (cleaning up the shore of Lake Baikal)________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We would like to express our gratitude for participation in project activities to protect the nature of Lake Baikal: These are Faina Petrovna Mangaskina, Lyudmila Pavlovna Kozlova, Olga Anatolyevna Zvonova, Larisa Glebovna Chikalina. Thank you for devoting a lot of time to protecting Lake Baikal and instilling in our children a responsible attitude towards nature.
Faina Petrovna Mangaskina gives the floor.
2 leads: Our children study the secrets of the nature of the Baikal region in the lessons of “Baikal Studies” and “Ecological Tourism”. The school pays a lot of attention to environmental issues. The guys write projects, participate in various competitions and promotions.
The floor is given to the deputy head of the Goloustnensky municipal formation, Olga Mikhailovna Zhukova.
(Presents gratitude to the school director).
1 ved: Lake Baikal - the joy of the whole Earth
It's better not to find beauty in the world,
This is a mirror of happiness, love
Please take care of him!
Don't let anyone offend him
Even to your best friend
Protect him like your own mother,
And love it like it’s a dear place.
Baikal will remain in our hearts forever.
With its beauty it will captivate people forever.
Second part.
"War in People's Memory."
(The melody of war songs sounds).
2 leads: Today is a holiday on Lake Baikal,
And my soul is light, but for this day to come
The people living here had to work hard.
1 ved: During the Great Patriotic War
132 soldiers stood up to defend the Motherland,
56 gave their lives for her.
(The melody “REQUIEM” plays).
1 ved: It is not true that from that war,
All that remains are the burial mounds,
She is alive as long as we are alive.
And twenty years have passed
And forty years have passed,
And seventy have passed,
But we didn’t warm up from that war
She and I are united in memory and heart.
2 leads: And of course, on this holiday we cannot help but congratulate our veteran Vasily Andreevich Belozertsev. Dear Vasily Andreevich, good health to you and peaceful skies above your head!
1 ved: There was no war here
To burn bread and huts,
There was no war here.
Where would the soldiers fall?
But there was a war here
No easier than that bloody one.
But there was a war here
Where women mowed down
But there was a war here
But there was a war here
Where the boys plowed
But there was a war here
Where they also died.
2 leads: The labor front helped forge Great Victory. And we would like to note the merits and congratulate our home front workers and widows of the Great Patriotic War. This:
Arefieva Pelageya Andreevna
Barkhokova Ulyana Vasilievna
Burzaeva Ustinya Buzaevna
Bardanova Pelageya Petrovna
Bardanova Alexandra Butukhanovna
Bortosova Olga Buzaevna
Belozertseva Agrafena Mikhailovna
Bortosova Ulyana Ivanovna
Bakhaeva Tatyana Trofimovna
Bakhaev Pyotr Alekseevich
Grigorieva Maria Egorovna
Galkin Alexey Ivanovich
Mikhailova Vera Iosifovna
Manzheev Nikolay Prokopyevich
Petcheev Egor Alekseevich
Putilova Tamara Ivanovna
Strekalovskaya Raisa Petrovna
Bortosova Dora Alekseevna
Imideeva Fedora Prokopyevna.
1 ved: Please accept a musical number from us in honor of the Baikal Day holiday.
Third part
« good people live on Baikal."
(The melody “My Village” sounds).
1 ved: Good people live on Baikal.
They decorate it with their deeds,
I'll walk around the village, what's not a house is a toy.
2 leads: The owner and the hostess are trying
They are going to the competition.
The floor to sum up the results of the competitions “Best Estate”, “Best Palisade” is given to the deputy head of the Goloustnensky municipal formation Olga Mikhailovna Zhukova (1. Certificates for the Best Estate; 2. Certificates for the Best Palisade; 3. Gratitude to sponsors; 4. Gratitude for participation in exhibitions of bouquets, crafts, newspapers and photographs).
Amateur arts block.
Musical numbers.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The fourth part.
"Sports"
1 ved: The land of Baikal is famous for its heroes!
We invite the heroes to measure their strength.
2 leads: The “Baikal Hero” competition is announced. What is a holiday without national wrestling (The venue is announced, the judge and participants are introduced. Then competitions are held in weight lifting, tug of war, arm wrestling (male and female), volleyball).
The jury sums up the results and awards the participants.
Fifth part.
“Flash – mob “Yokhor”.
« Lake Baikal"
Prepared and carried out:
M.A. Akopyan - biology teacher
Subject: « Lake Baikal».
Goals:- introduce students to Lake Baikal, show its uniqueness,
introduce the fauna of the lake, give some historical
knowledge about Baikal;
Develop students’ speech, memory, broaden their horizons, enrich
vocabulary;
To cultivate love for the Motherland, for nature, and a caring attitude.
Today at our event we will get acquainted with one of the great lakes of planet Earth - Lake Baikal ( sl. No. 1,2,3).
Baikal is too big and mysterious. First, let's look at the geographic map.
This is what Baikal is like! From space, Baikal has the shape of a young moon (sl. No. 4).
The ancient Baikal is visible from space,
Its crescent is azure.
He gained fame on the planet,
Sung by our turbulent times.
How beautiful you are, our Father Baikal!
Among forests, sand dunes and rocks.
You stand, not knowing sorrows and troubles
Already a quarter of a hundred million years.
Baikal is one of the oldest lakes on the planet.
And here is some more information about this lake: (sl. No. 5)
Baikal is on the border Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. The width of Lake Baikal ranges from 24 to 79 km. The bottom of Lake Baikal is 1167 meters below the level of the World Ocean. In terms of area, Baikal ranks sixth among the largest lakes in the world. Length coastline 2100 km.
The depth of Baikal is 1631 m.
In terms of depth, Baikal ranks first among lakes on the globe.
(sl. No. 6).
The average depth of the lake is 745 m, the maximum depth of the lake is 1642 m
But such depth is not everywhere.
Baikal is not only the deepest lake on Earth, but also the largest storage facility fresh water- it contains about 19% of the world's reserves (sl. No. 7).
Among the mountain ranges, near the hills and rocks
The lake-sea spreads out,
Siberian pearl - ancient Baikal,
Whose waves roar in the open space.
Baikal has no equal lakes on Earth -
It is the deepest and purest!
Beautiful in the morning, in the evening dawn,
In the snow and under the radiant sun.
On average, 336 rivers and streams flow into Baikal, and one outflow is the Angara, a tributary of the Yenisei. The largest river Selenga (sl. No. 8,9).
Why do you think Baikal is called Baikal? (sl. No. 10).
Origin of the name Bai-Kul (Turkic) - rich lake
Baigaal - Dalai (mong) - rich fire
Bei-Hai (Chinese) - northern sea
Baikal is one of the oldest lakes on the planet; its age is estimated at 25-30 million years. Most lakes, especially those of the Ice Age, live for 10-15 thousand years, and then fill with sediment and disappear from the face of the Earth. There are no signs of aging on Baikal, like many lakes in the world ( sl. No. 11).
On the contrary, research in recent years has allowed geophysicists to hypothesize that Baikal is an incipient ocean. This is confirmed by the fact that its shores diverge up to 2 cm per year, just as the continents of Africa and South America diverge.
Legend of Baikal.(sl. No. 12). There is a legend that Father Baikal had 336 son rivers and one daughter, the Angara, all of which flowed into their father in order to replenish its waters. But then his daughter fell in love with the handsome young man Yenisei and went against the will of her father, who wanted to marry her to an old Irkutsk man. She fell in love with the Yenisei River and began to bring her father’s water to her beloved. In response to this, Father Baikal threw a huge piece of rock at his daughter and cursed her. This rock, called the Shaman Stone, is located at the source of the Angara and is considered its beginning.
Baikal is beautiful at any time of the year! (sl. No. 13,14,15,16). Enormous depth, amazing purity and transparency of the water, the harsh, fabulous beauty of the shores. High waves crash against the rocks with noise and roar, the sound of powerful surf carries far away (sl. No. 17).
Our yacht is approaching big island Baikal - Olkhon Island.
There are 27 islands on Lake Baikal, of which the largest is Olkhon. (sl. No. 18)
In Buryat myths and legends, Olkhon is called the abode of the formidable spirits of Lake Baikal (sl. No. 19). According to legend, the chief of the khans, Khaan-Khute-baabai, sent to Earth by the highest gods, descended from heaven here. Here lives in the form of a bald eagle - a golden eagle - his son named Khan Shubu, who was the first to receive the shamanic gift.
Let's dive into the underwater kingdom of the lake.
How tempting it is to see with your own eyes who lives in this crystal chamber. ( sl. No. 20).
Depth 100 m (layer No. 21,22)
Gobies and grayling are found at this depth. Grayling is one of the most colorful and beautiful fish in Russia. Its weight reaches from 500 to 1500 grams. It lives not only in the lake, but also in the rivers of Siberia.
Depth - 150 m. (layer No. 23)
The omul spends quite a lot of time at this depth. The largest size of omul is 50 cm, weight up to 5 kg. The omul lives up to 25 years. Out of 100 omul eggs, one fish survives. How long the omul will survive depends on the purity of the water in Lake Baikal.
Omul is a large commercial fish weighing up to 3 kg. It feeds on large benthic crustaceans, juvenile fish, and small zooplankton.
Depth 200 m (layer No. 24)
A sturgeon swims past us - this is the king fish of Baikal. Sturgeon live in Baikal for 50-60 years or more, reaching 100-130 kg in weight. This fish grows very slowly. Predatory fishing for sturgeon has greatly undermined the reserves of Baikal’s most valuable fish. Now the sturgeon is listed in the Red Book.
Depth 380 m (layer No. 25, 26)
Here she is! This is the Golomyanka.
The golomyanka is a viviparous fish; it does not lay eggs, but live young, which die at temperatures above + 10 C. There is so much fat in the golomyanka that when dead it does not sink, but floats on the surface. In the past, residents of the Baikal coast collected dead golomyanka and rendered the fat from it, which was used for lighting and as a medicinal remedy.
More than 70% of the inhabitants of Lake Baikal are not found in other bodies of water on the planet. These species include the golomyanka, a pinkish-white, translucent, scaleless fish.
Depth 500 m (layer No. 27)
Behind the porthole are silver golomyankas and planarians. Very beautiful.
Not only the fish resources of Baikal, but also the fur riches of the Baikal region and Transbaikalia have long attracted settlers here.
Barguzin sable skins are the most valuable fur in Siberia (sl. No. 28). He deservedly enjoys worldwide fame.
Bush-tailed squirrels are common in the taiga - another object of the fur trade (sl. No. 29).
We say goodbye to Olkhon Island.
The peoples who inhabited the shores of the lake called the lake Baikul, which means “rich lake”. And Baikal is really rich. Rich in its flora and fauna. Currently, 1550 species and varieties of animals, 1085 plant organisms are known (sl. No. 30,31).
According to the Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there are 2630 species of plants and animals in the lake. This abundance of the organic world is explained by the large amount of oxygen in the water.
The lake and coastal areas are distinguished by a unique diversity of flora and fauna. Their inhabitants are 2/3 endemic (i.e. unique), that is, they live only in this body of water.
Baikal is freshwater, with clear water,
And there are a lot of living creatures in the waters:
Sturgeon, golomyanka, taimen with roach,
Whitefish and omul are endemic to Lake Baikal.
The Baikal seal lives in those waters,
And the shore is a nesting place for birds,
You will see eagles and seagulls in flight.
Bears come to feed.
A musk deer lives in the mountains of the Baikal region -
Deer, the smallest in the world,
And the slopes around are covered with taiga,
Rich flora of Siberia.
A little about coastal nature. The taiga comes close to Lake Baikal and is therefore diverse fauna. Of course, the main game animal is the sable (sl. No. 32).
In open, grassy areas of the mountains, bears also find an abundant table - various types of umbellifers and legumes. It is in these landscapes and only during strictly certain periods of the year that such a large number of bears can be observed. The northern shores of Baikal are unique and the only ones in this regard . (sl. No. 33)
The appearance of a bear on the shores of Lake Baikal is a massive, regularly recurring phenomenon. They can be seen here from the 2nd decade of June, depending on when the ice on Lake Baikal disappears and the caddis fly season begins. Baikal attracts bears with a variety of different foods; the lake throws out beetles, dragonflies, mollusks, dead gobies, golomyankas, and sometimes young seals.
In a wide strip of the Baikal coast, on the verge of two elements - land and water, inhabitants whose lives are closely connected with both water and land find shelter. The white-tailed eagle, osprey, black kite, several species of gulls nesting on the islands are the main species of birds without which the shores of Lake Baikal are difficult to imagine (sl. No. 34,35,36,37,38).
The only representative of Baikal's mammals is the seal or Baikal seal, which has a common ancestor with the northern seal (sl. No. 39). Scientists suggest that the seal entered Baikal from the Arctic Ocean along the Yenisei and Angara during the Ice Age. Its current population is about 60 thousand heads. The seal lives for more than 55-56 years; during its life, a female can give birth to up to 2 dozen cubs. . The limbs of the seal are flippers. The front flippers are well developed, with sharp claws.
When Baikal is covered with ice, the powerful front flippers are the tool with which the seal makes an opening in the ice to emerge and inhale air.
Most seals appear in mid-March; they are born on ice, in a snowy den, and while they are feeding on their mother’s milk, they do not dive into the water. Cubs have white fur - this is their protective coloring (sl. No. 40). With the transition to feeding on fish, their color changes: silver-gray in 2-3 month olds, brown-brown in older ones.
The seal is one of the three freshwater seals in the world. These animals are very curious, often swim up to ships and stare at them for a long time. (sl. No. 41).
Of course, you can’t count all the animals. There are many of them and they all need protection (sl. No. 42,43,44,45).
Another feature of the lake is its transparency - up to 40 meters. No body of water on Earth has such high water transparency
(sl. No. 46,47,48).
And now about the sad thing.
Baikal - unique lake, but like anyone natural object it has its own environmental problems. In 1996, the lake was included in the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites (sl. No. 49).
Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. In 1966, the BPPM began operating. As a result, the surrounding areas of the lake began to degrade. The taiga is drying out (sl. No. 50).
In September 2008, the plant had to be shut down. However, in January 2010, a resolution was adopted that actually allowed the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill to discharge industrial wastewater into Lake Baikal, burn and store any waste on its shores (sl. No. 51).
March 10, 2010 public organizations Russia announced the creation of a coalition “For Baikal” and the start of collecting signatures for an appeal to UNESCO.
(sl. No. 52,53).
Eastern oil pipeline. (sl. No. 54). The Transneft company is constructing the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean", taking place in the Baikal region. As a result, an oil spill would damage the entire unique ecosystem of the lake. On March 18, 2006, a rally took place in Irkutsk against the construction of an oil pipeline. As a result, V.V. Putin banned this project on April 26, 2006. IN given time The oil pipeline is being built outside the Baikal catchment area.
In 1956, the lake was used for hydroelectric power. It became an integral part of the Irkutsk reservoir. As a result, the water level rose by 1 m ( sl. No. 55).
In addition to industrial enterprises, the lake is polluted by household waste. There are regular raids to clean it up, but unfortunately it’s not getting smaller ( sl. No. 56,57,58).
Baikal attracts tourists from all over the world (sl. No. 59). 70 km from Irkutsk is the village of Listvyanka - the most popular tourism destination on Lake Baikal. Most cruises on the lake originate from here. The Great Baikal Trail passes through various sections around the lake.
Baikal is the only one on the entire planet,
There is simply no other option...
We are all yours, my Baikal, children,
And we are destined to live with you!
Why are you sad, beloved Baikal,
What is your surf sighing about?
Or someone evil, unforgiving
Does he sometimes mock you?
And Baikal sighed in response to me:
“I have lived in the world for thousands of years...
Nobody offended me
On the contrary, everyone respected...
But over the past half century...
I don't recognize the man!
It's like pure water
He will never need it..."
And people need to take care of it!
It had been under siege for a long time.
For what we will leave to posterity...
Baikal and its neighboring ridges are increasingly being used for recreation by the population. Tourist centers and holiday homes are being created along the shores of the lake. (sl. No. 60).
Baikal is a miracle, a living organism,
And people need to take care of it!
Factories, villages, “wild tourism” -
It had been under siege for a long time.
Holy Baikal is raging and making noise
And the waves throw at us, crumpled,
It’s as if Baikal’s soul hurts
For what we will leave to posterity...
Don't offend the sea, people!
Baikal also wants to live:
Play with the waves, arguing with the winds
And serve people faithfully!
Protecting Baikal is a sacred matter:
His fate is in our hands!
Nature itself told us
May our dear Baikal live for centuries!
And I believe: Baikal will be
Glory to Russia to grow!
And our descendants will not forget us
Give it its due.
The file will be here: /data/edu/files/i1452781907.ppt (presentation "Lake Baikal")
Lake Baikal Day in 2017 is celebrated on September 3 (the first Sunday in September). For this date, specialists from the Irkutsk Regional Children's Library named after Mark Sergeev have prepared various interesting events for children: environmental educational hours with a demonstration of photos and videos about Lake Baikal, an environmental quiz “The Kingdom of Glorious Baikal”, a literary trip “News from the Shores of Baikal” with a display of fragments domestic films. In addition, book exhibitions “Baikal Mysterious and Many-Faced” and “Baikal – the Pearl of Siberia” have been launched.
On September 6, an ecological educational hour “Baikal - a miracle of nature” was held in the library’s reading room, which was attended by second-grade students of the Orthodox Women’s Gymnasium in the city of Irkutsk.
The event opened with an expressive reading of a poem about Lake Baikal by Mark Sergeev “What is this?” Showing slides with picturesque views of the lake, the librarian told the audience what makes it unique, emphasized that Baikal is a record holder among all the lakes on the planet, and brought interesting facts and numbers.
Having examined the geographical location of Lake Baikal on the map, the schoolgirls looked with interest at the slides about the endemics of the lake, its flora and fauna, and reinforced these concepts with examples. With great attention, the children listened to the legend about the old man Baikal, his daughter Angara, the young man Yenisei and the Shaman Stone, and then played, vying with each other to answer riddles about the fish of the lake.
The children were also told about the problem of the disappearance of many rare species animal and flora Baikal region, about the importance of caring for nature. Young readers were keenly interested in the causes of environmental disasters and discussed options for solving some problems for the protection of Lake Baikal and the environment.
At the end of the event, the children shared their impressions of trips to Lake Baikal, where they were able to see birds and representatives of the lake’s fauna in natural conditions: gulls, eagles, seals, crustaceans and others. The children were once again reminded of the need to preserve this unique monument nature, about the importance of caring for Lake Baikal, especially while on vacation on the shores of the lake.
After the event, schoolgirls were able to get acquainted with the thematic book exhibition displayed in the reading room.
For reference:
In 1996, Baikal was included in the List of objects World Heritage UNESCO. Baikal is translated from Turkic as “rich lake”. This is the most deep lake in the world. Its average depth is about 730 meters. The greatest known depth of Lake Baikal is 1637 meters.
