Open left menu Lincoln. The city of Lincoln in England: its history and local attractions Central England - Midlands

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Lincoln located in the eastern part, along the banks of the River Witham. It represents small town, area 36 sq. km with a population of just over 80,000 people. Two millennia ago, these places were the military fortification of the legendary IX Roman Legion, and in the Middle Ages Lincoln was part of the territory called Danelaw, formed during the Viking Age. During the reign of William the Conqueror, the city served as an important trading center in the east of the country, and was also famous for its coinage and its crafts. Then the great monarch ordered to build a castle here, on one of the hills, and surround it with a fortress wall. In those fierce years, when wars for the conquest of territories were fought throughout Europe, William's defensive structure was of enormous importance for the security of these lands.

Today, the administrative center of Lincolnshire plays an important cultural and economic role in modern life. There are many unique historical attractions, monuments, museums, cultural and educational institutions. Abundance of parks and green spaces, is also an integral feature of urban landscapes, which have an extremely attractive appearance and characterize the current image of the ancient city.

One of its central objects that attracts the close attention of numerous tourists is Lincoln Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, built in 1311 in a distinctly Gothic style, although the first structure was born about two centuries earlier, it was completely destroyed by an earthquake. For a long time the temple was the most tall building in the world thanks to the 160-meter central spire that towered over the city. However, in 1549 it collapsed, and the cathedral changed its appearance somewhat. However, it is still one of the largest shrines in Great Britain, and its Gothic architectural contours are clearly visible from any area of ​​the city. The main historical asset of the cathedral is a collection of unique medieval manuscripts and literary works, including several thousand volumes belonging to the famous English mathematician and architect of the 17th - 18th centuries, Christopher Wren, who took a direct part in the construction of the cathedral library. The temple is also well known in the world for its organists, among whom the famous British musician of the Middle Ages, William Bird, who lived a century earlier than Christopher Wren, stands out. Today, Lincoln Cathedral of the Virgin Mary is visited annually by tens of thousands of pilgrims from all over and it is undoubtedly the main religious building in the entire county of Lincolnshire.

Traditionally, the ancient Lincoln Castle, built during the era of William the Conqueror. In its interior there is a museum-prison, where you can see in what conditions the prisoners of the castle were kept and how harsh the laws of the Middle Ages were. In order to admire the surroundings of Lincoln and admire the picturesque landscapes of the region, you should climb the stairs to observation deck observatory tower, which is open to visitors throughout the year at different times. Fans of historical artifacts should visit the Asher Gallery, located in the museum under the specific name “Collection”. Hundreds of thousands of exhibits related to different times Lincoln's existence, from the Roman era to the present day. The museum's halls are replenished monthly, so interest in it does not fade. An ideal place for walks is the Visby nature reserve with its beautiful alleys, broad-leaved green trees and neatly trimmed lawns. In addition, it is considered an excellent place to relax from the bustle of the city. Hartsholme Park. For those who prefer a more lively pastime, we recommend Cadwell Park, as well as areas adjacent to Waddington and Scampton airfields. The main shopping centers and all kinds of shops.

Lincoln is divided into Upper and Lower Towns. The upper one stretches along the slopes of the Lincoln Range and has major architectural attractions, including Lincoln Castle, the Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, the Bishop's Palace and other historical sites. The lower city is mainly represented by residential areas and numerous shopping and entertainment establishments. At the same time, real estate and the cost of hotel accommodation Upper Town noticeably higher than in Nizhny, which is due to the high cultural significance and noticeable tourist activity. As elsewhere in the country, Lincoln has a huge number of pubs, restaurants, cafes and eateries, where much attention is paid to traditional English cuisine and all kinds of drinks, including beer and wines of various types. To move around the city, it is better to use a bicycle or public transport, because the local streets are not very convenient for cars.

The region is dominated by a mild temperate climate, with abundant rainfall and unstable air temperatures. In winter, the thermometer usually fluctuates between +3 and - +5, but there are often sudden changes accompanied by showers and strong winds. In the period from May to September, the air temperature is more stable and is characterized by an average temperature of +19 – +22. Moreover, during this time period there is much more sunny days, and although there are rains, they are not as long as at any other time of the year. has a large number of small provincial towns, each of which is unique in its own way. Among them is Lincoln, which has a lot of advantages and has an inimitable, typically English charm, so loved by its guests who regularly visit the banks of the River Witham.

Welcome to the United States of America!

Full name: Lincoln
State:
Year founded: 1856
Population (with surrounding areas): 300 thousand people
Square: 195 sq. km.

The city of Lincoln is located in the north-central United States and serves as the county seat and capital of Lancaster County. It is inhabited by more than two hundred twenty-five thousand people. Lincoln has the second largest population in the state.

Photos of the city of Lincoln

In one thousand eight hundred fifty-six on the spot modern city a settlement called Lancaster arose, which became the capital of the district of the same name three years later. After Nebraska joined the United States on March 1, 1867, the city was renamed Lincoln and became the capital of the state.

The University of Nebraska is located on the territory of Lincoln, which became the founder of several large museums, including the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, a large collection of sculpture, the Museum of Natural History and concert hall. The largest library in Nebraska is the library of this university. The University of Nebraska was founded in one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine. Nowadays, about thirty thousand students study there.

The city is surrounded on all sides by agricultural land. In principle, Lincoln boasts both typically urban landscapes and rural views. On the one hand, these places contain all the advantages of a large city. On the other hand, in Lincoln there are practically no such problems. major cities, like air pollution, traffic jams or crime.

The city fully retains the charm and friendliness inherent in this province since ancient times. There are many parks, squares and other places where citizens can relax a little. The United States' only unicameral legislature meets in the Capitol Building, which serves as one of America's four skyscraper capitols.

The city received its name in honor. Large quantity settlers began to move here after the federal and state governments began distributing free plots of land in the area and the construction of the Union Pacific and Burlington railroads. The city's population grew markedly due to government land policies and an influx of immigrants who moved west along the Mormon and Oregon roads. Lincoln gradually developed into an important political, cultural and educational center.

Nebraska- 37th US state. It is part of the northwest central states group. The state has an area of ​​more than 200 thousand km and is home to 1.8 million people. The administrative center of Nebraska is the city of Lincoln, the second largest city in the state with a population of two hundred and a half thousand people. The largest cities in Nebraska, besides the capital: Omaha, Grand Island and Bellevue. The name of the state comes from the language of the indigenous Indian population of these lands. Today, whites make up the majority of Nebraska's population. Native Indians make up just over 1%, African Americans - about 5%. In the east of the state the climate is continental, humid, in the west it is arid. The relief is represented by plains in the west, turning into gentle hills in the eastern part. Three large rivers flow through the state: the Republican, a tributary of the Kansas River, and two tributaries of the Missouri, the Niobrara and Platte rivers. On the banks of the Niobrara River in the northwestern part of the state is National Park“Aegetan fossil deposits”, with an area of ​​12 million km2. In the park you can visit the James Cook Ranch, where fossil remains of ancient animals were discovered. Another national park, Chimney Rock, is famous for its museum dedicated to the history of migration and land development in the north and west.

The main attractions of the state are located in large cities - the capital Lincoln and the largest city in Nebraska Omaha. Lincoln is home to the University of Nebraska, founded in 1869, which houses the Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, several museums, a concert hall, the largest library in the state, and a collection of sculptures. About 30 thousand students study at the university, so they can safely watch films at their leisure, for example comedies like at kinoleto.com/smotret-komediya-online. It will also be interesting to look at the 121 m high Capitol, built in 1922–1932. It is the second tallest in the United States after the Louisiana Capitol. There is even a Museum of the History of Russian Germans in the USA in Lincoln.

The city of Omaha is famous not only for its large number of millionaires, but also for its rich cultural life. Here is one of the largest theatrical communities in the United States, the Omaha Community Playhouse, has its own Opera, several Drama theaters, the Dutch Arts Center, as well as a Children's Museum, where children can, while having fun, learn science in special laboratories and the arts in art studios. Another notable museum is El Latino, one of the first museums to introduce Latin American culture. The Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha is one of the most famous in the country. 17,000 animals live here, for which natural natural conditions. On the territory of the zoo there is also a Botanical Garden, divided into several gardens of different themes, displaying the flora of the Japanese and English gardens or harsh prairies.

They call Nebraska the state of antelopes, the tree-planting state, the black water state, and even the grasshopper-eating state! We advise you not to go by the names; the main reason you should go to Nebraska is the nature and high level of culture of its small towns.

The state capital is Lincoln.

How to get there

You can get to Omaha - a large city in Nebraska - from Moscow only by plane, or rather by two. The most convenient route is with one change in New York. A ticket for one passenger will cost approximately 88,000 RUB. There is another option, basically identical in price: first fly to Europe - Stockholm or Warsaw, and from there to New York and Omaha. Prices on the page are as of June 2016.

Weather in Nebraska

Nebraska has a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters, wetter in the east and drier in the west of the state. In Omaha, the average temperature in January ranges from −10 °C to +1 °C, in July - from +19 °C to +31 °C. Nebraska is located in Tornado Alley and is prone to severe thunderstorms and tornadoes in the spring and summer.

Popular hotels in Nebraska

Nebraska Attractions, Activities and Excursions

The main cultural attractions of Nebraska are, naturally, in the cities of Omaha and Lincoln. But the nature of the state also deserves special attention, because Nebraska is home to several national natural parks: Chimney Rock, Niobrara River Valley, Homestead and Egetae Fossil Deposits.

Aegetan Fossils National Park

This park is located in the northwest of the state, on the banks of the Niobrara River. With the surrounding prairie areas, it occupies 3 thousand acres, in other words, 12 million square meters! Among the interesting things: here you can visit the ranch of Captain James Cook, where the remains of fossil mammals of the Miocene era were found. See an interesting collection of artifacts collected by them reflecting the life of the American Indians.

Chimney Rock

On the plains of Nebraska there are outliers, these are rock formations that survived the destruction of rock masses. In the 19th century, they served as landmarks for settlers traveling west along the Oregon Trail. Now these stone pillars are part of Nebraska history. And one of them - Chimney Rock, or Chimney, which means chimney rock, has the status of National historical monument USA. The height of the rock above the surrounding valley is more than 90 meters, and above sea level - 1288 meters. Previously, this unusual “stone spire” was even higher, but winds and frequent lightning strikes are gradually destroying it.

Scotts Bluff

Scotts Bluff National Monument is also well known and popular with tourists. It consists of five rocks towering above the prairie. Their height is more than 330 meters!

Omaha

Omaha is famous, first of all, for the fact that it lives here. large number millionaires. And only then its high cultural level: the largest theatrical community in the United States, the Omaha Community Playhouse, is located here, a symphony orchestra, an Opera, several drama theaters and the Dutch Arts Center are also based here. Worth visiting the center contemporary arts Bemis, Children's Museum and Durham Museum.

Be sure to visit the huge botanical garden, which is spread over an area of ​​more than 400 thousand square meters. And the steam locomotive museum, it is located on railway station. There is also an interesting bridge in Omaha, crossing which you will find yourself in the state of Iowa!

Lincoln

The state capital, named after President Abraham Lincoln, boasts both typical urban landscapes and rural views. All the advantages of a large city are collected here, but there are no urban problems - dirty air, traffic jams, crime. Well, almost not. There are many parks and squares in Lincoln where you can relax and listen to the city orchestra or music school students for free.

Photography enthusiasts will certainly be interested in the Capitol, built in 1922–1932; its height is 121 meters. It is the second highest of the Capitols in the United States, after Louisiana (137 m).

Currently, Lincoln in England is a city with city status and the administrative center in the county of Lincolnshire. Its history has seen both major upswings in the development of the city and extremely decadent times. The city of Lincoln is not popular tourist destination, however, there are objects worth seeing here too.

History of the city

The city was founded on the site of a former Roman fortification called Lindum Colonia, and before that, Celtic settlements were located on these lands. The English who settled here changed the name to Lincylene, which is similar to the current name of the city.

In the 10th century, Lincoln was a center of trade and quite big city, although the Viking raids certainly did not contribute to its development. In those days, Lincoln even issued its own coin.

In 1068, a castle was built in Lincoln by order of William the Conqueror. This castle is still considered one of the main historical attractions of the city. In 1092, the construction of the local cathedral was completed, but it was badly damaged, first by fires and then by an earthquake, which is generally a very rare occurrence for England. Lincoln Cathedral was rebuilt in the Middle Ages, crowning its chapel with the tallest spire in the world at that time (160 m).

Lincoln in the Middle Ages was recognized as one of the richest English cities. The local episcopate was the largest, which determined the huge number of monasteries in Lincolnshire. There were more of them here than outside the county. The economic situation was determined by the textile industry - woolen fabrics were produced and traded here.

Lincoln's economy declined in the 16th century following the closure of numerous cathedrals. A symbol of complete decline was the picture of the cathedral’s rotten and fallen spire, which they decided not to restore.

Lincoln was able to flourish again during the Industrial Revolution, as enterprises for the production of heavy equipment, railway locomotives, and diesel engines were organized in the city. Also made in Lincoln military equipment: planes, tanks, ammunition, etc.

Main attractions

Lincoln is a very picturesque town, perched high on the banks of the Witham. Beautiful geographical location noticed by those who decided to found a settlement here, and then a city. Cars in modern Lincoln drive into an arch that has been preserved since Roman times. During archaeological excavations, ancient cemeteries, ovens, baths and a fountain were found here.

One of the most famous local attractions is Lincoln Castle. By the way, it still houses one of the surviving copies of the Magna Carta. The castle has preserved walls surrounded by a moat, towers, and gates. The observatory tower offers magnificent views of the surrounding area. Also of interest to travelers is the prison museum.

Another significant object and architectural landmark was the Lincoln Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, which is recognized as the purest embodiment of English Gothic.

Next to it, a building has been preserved - the chapter house, which was built in the 13th century at the same time as the temple. This is the oldest example of such construction in the whole of Great Britain.

The cathedral library is famous for its huge collection of medieval manuscripts. The construction of the library was carried out by Christopher Wren, who donated more than 5 thousand of his own books to its benefit. Lincoln Cathedral is one of the top three large temples in England.

Rising high into the sky from the top of a steep hill, the triple towers of the mighty Lincoln Cathedral are visible for miles from the surrounding farmland. This prominent site was first fortified by the Celts, who named their settlement Lindon, "hill fort by the lake", referring to the pools formed by the River Witham in the marshy ground below. In 47 AD, the Romans occupied Lindon and built a fortified city, which later became Colonia Lindum, one of the four regional capitals of Rome.

Today only fragments of the Roman city remain, most of them the ruins of the 3rd-century city wall, but these too have been replaced by memories of Lincoln's golden age, which began during the reign of William the Conqueror with the construction of the castle and cathedral. Lincoln flourished primarily as a Norman military base, and then as a center for the wool trade with Flanders until 1369, when the wool market was moved to the neighboring one. It took another five hundred years before it came to life again, restoration based on the production of agricultural machinery and drainage equipment for the neighboring Fenlands.

As the city spread south in the 19th century, down the hill, and along the old Roman road, Fosse Way, Lincoln became a place with clear class boundaries: the area of ​​"Uphill", "at the top of the hill", spreading north of the cathedral, became synonymous with the respectable middle class, and Downhill, "down the hill", with the proletariat. This distinction persists - local appliance and furniture retailers still put the word "Uphill" in quotation marks to denote a better quality product.

Both Lincoln Station, on St Mary's Street, and the bus station near Melville Street are located in Downhill, in the city centre. From both you can walk to the cathedral (15 minutes) or you can take Walk and Ride buses (Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.00; Sunday noon - 17.00; 3 times an hour, £1 one way, £2.5 per ticket for all day). The nearest bus stop and train station is on the High Street, on the corner of Silver Street.

There are two travel agencies (Monday-Thursday 9.30-17.30; Friday 9.30-17.00; Saturday 10.00-17.00), one on the corner of Cornhill and High Street, the other at 9 Castle Hill, between the cathedral and the castle (open also on Sundays 10.00-17.00). Both can book a hotel room and a guided tour of the city in advance for you. Lincoln has a good selection of hotels and bed and breakfasts with competitive prices. Best place– “Uphill”, there you will find all the places listed below, except for the youth hostel.

• Accommodation in Lincoln

1). Carline Guest House– One of the best Bed and Breakfast in the city. Clean and tidy Edwardian house about ten minutes' walk from the cathedral - walk down Drewry Lane from the front of the castle, still in the same direction. The breakfasts are first class, the rooms are cozy and tastefully decorated. Credit cards are not accepted. Location: 1-3 Carline Road;

2). Edward King House– This Bed and Breakfast is different from the others, it is located directly below the cathedral in the former seat of the Bishops of Lincoln. Some rooms offer charming views of the Bishop's Palace. Location: The Old Palace, Minster Yard;

3). Hillcrest Hotel– A traditional English hotel in a large red brick house that was originally a Victorian vicarage. Sixteen comfortable rooms with all amenities plus a large garden on the slope. About a ten minute walk from the cathedral. Location: 15 Lindum Terrace;

4). Saint Clements Lodge– Set in a lively, modern building within easy walking distance of the cathedral, this is a comfortable and very welcoming Bed and Breakfast. Homemade breakfasts - excellent haddock (or cod) and smoked salmon. Credit cards are not accepted. Location: 21 Langworth Gate;

5). White Hart establishment– An old inn for coachmen, with charming living rooms, with secluded corners and places. The rooms are quite ordinary, but quite comfortable, many overlooking the cathedral. Superb location in Uphill. Weekend deals may lower prices. Location: Bailgate.

Lincoln sights

For the visitor, almost everything interesting is concentrated in the “Uphill” part of the city, grouped around the Cathedral and Lincoln Castle.

• Lincoln Cathedral

Not a hill at all, charming Castle Hill is a wide, short, cobbled street that connects the castle and the cathedral. Its eastern part is marked by the arches of the medieval Exchequer, behind which rises the proud western facade of Lincoln Cathedral (May-September Monday-Friday 7.15-20.00, Saturday and Sunday 7.15.00-18.00; October-April Monday-Saturday 7.15.00-18.00; Sunday 15.00-17.00; access limited during services; £4, including guided tour), a real mountain cliff with blind arcades filled with decorative carvings. Most striking is an extraordinary band of 12th-century carved panels depicting scenes with biblical themes, which were inspired by the same frieze in Modena Cathedral in .

However, the apparent uniformity of the western facade is deceptive, and closer inspection reveals two phases of construction - the small stones and thick layers of mortar of most of the façade belong to the original church, completed in 1092, while the longer stones and thinner layers of mortar date from the beginning of XIII century. These were strengthening works because in 1185 an earthquake brought down many of the Norman churches, which were rebuilt under the patronage of Bishop Hugh of Avalon, who is responsible for much of the cathedral today, with the notable exception of the 14th-century central tower.

The cavernous interior is an elegant example of early English architecture, with nave columns following the same general plan but slightly different: stripes of dark Parbeck marble contrast with the grainy oolitic limestone, the main building material. If you look behind the nave from under the central tower you can see a large medieval kink in the roof: Bishop Hugh's roof is not in line with the earlier west elevation and the point where all the irregular angles meet.

Other differences can be noticed - the columns have bases of different heights, there are ten windows on the north side of the nave and nine on the south side, but these are arbitrary features reflecting the medieval aversion to the vanity of symmetry. Another striking feature of medieval art is the use of pre-Christian images, especially in the upper part of the nave, where there are demons and gargoyles that protrude from the foliage.

Behind the crucifix you will see Saint Hugh's Choir, his 14th-century monastic refectory, which contains eccentric carvings of scenes from the lives of Alexander the Great and King Arthur, mixed with biblical characters and folklore. Next is the open Angel Choir, completed in 1280. It contains stone tombstones, and its roof is decorated with dozens of exquisitely carved figurines, including a small Lincoln "Imp". Finally, a corridor from the north wing of the choir leads to the timber-roofed galleries and polygonal chapter house where Edward I and Edward II held meetings that prefigured the English Parliament.

• Bishop's Palace in Lincoln

The ruins of what was once the city's most impressive building are hidden behind a gated wall, immediately south of the cathedral in Minster Yard. Medieval Palace Bishop's Palace (April-October daily 10.00-17.00; November-March Monday and Thursday-Sunday 10.00-16.00; £3.60) used to consist of two huge halls, a stunning chapel, kitchens and luxurious private rooms, but today it is better All that remains is the broken and destroyed Alnwick Tower - the entrance is there.

The damage was caused during the civil war, when the Redneck regiments occupied the palace and remained there until they themselves were forced to leave the place after hurricane fire. However, the ruins are quite well preserved and offer wonderful views of the surrounding fields. The adjoining gardens are immaculate and end in a raised terrace containing one of the northernmost vineyards in Europe.

• Lincoln Castle

From the cathedral's west front it is a short walk across Castle Hill to Lincoln Castle (April-September Monday-Saturday 9.30-17.30; Sunday 11.00-17.30; October-March Monday-Saturday 9.30-16.00; £3.90). Untouched and forbidden, protected, the castle walls include fragments and pieces from the 12th to the 19th centuries, passing through the wall provides stunning views of the city. The earliest remains are Lucy Tower, built on a steep grassy hill to the left of the main entrance, and originally the site of Norman Grove. The castle was turned into a prison in the 1820s.

Some captives were buried unceremoniously here, inside the city wall, on top of a hill - a sad and lonely place, if there was anything there, especially since the graves could only be marked with the initials of the captives. The castle wall borders a wide central courtyard, part of which is occupied by the old prison, an austere red brick building containing one of the four surviving copies of the Magna Carta, as well as a truly remarkable prison chapel. In it, prisoners were placed in cubic pens with high walls, from which they could see the priest and his pulpit, but not their fellows.

The approach to chapel visits was the same: prisoners were in constant isolation at all times, and had to wear masks if they went into the yard for exercise. This system was based on a pseudoscientific theory that believed crime was a contagious disease, but unfortunately for the theorists, their so-called Pentonville system of "Separation and Silence", which was introduced in 1846, made so many prisoners insane that it was abandoned through thirty years. Since then, no one has thought to dismantle the chapel.

• Rest of Lincoln

The rest of Lincoln's Uphill is dotted with historical remains, such as several pieces of Roman wall, the most remarkable of which is the 2nd century Newport Arch, which spans widely over the Bailgate, which used to be the main northern gateway to the city. There is also a collection of medieval stone houses, the most notable on and around Steep Hill, where it slopes down from the cathedral towards the city centre. In particular, look out for the carefully restored Jew's House, which is a reminder of the Jewish community that flourished in medieval Lincoln. A rare and fine example of domestic Norman architecture, it is now home to Jew's House Restaurant.

Spanning Daingate beneath the Bishop's Palace, The Collection (daily 10am-5pm; free) occupies two buildings - a striking modern structure built to house the city's extensive collection of archaeological objects, from prehistory to the present day, and a beautiful 1920s building , also known as the Usher Gallery, houses mainly contemporary works of fine art. The art collection includes some fascinating images of the cathedral and its surroundings, the best by William Logsdale (1859-1944) and Lowry's view of Lincoln.

The gallery also has an eclectic collection of coins, porcelain and various wristwatches. The 17th-century objects were donated to the gallery by its benefactor, James Ward Ussher, a local jeweler and watchmaker who made his fortune with Lincoln's "imp" by telling the legend for the first time in the 1880s and subsequently selling small images and souvenirs in such quantities and with such success that the imp became a symbol of the city. In his story, a pair of little imps hopped around a cathedral until one of them turned to stone to try to communicate with the angels carved on the roof of the "choir of angels." His friend hastily retreated on the back of the witch, but the wind is believed to have lurked in the cathedral, awaiting their return.

Food and drink in Lincoln

Lincoln's cafes and restaurants are a mixed bag. But there are a couple of great places in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral. Your first stop might be Browns Pie Shop a few yards from the cathedral at 33 Steep Hall.

This is not a shop that sells pies at all, but an excellent restaurant. Its creative menu emphasizes British ingredients. A hot meal will cost you around £12. The second place worth recommending is the cozy but expensive Jew's House restaurant, located right at the foot of Steep Hill, at 15 Be Straight.

As for pubs, there are a couple of pleasant and traditional local establishments near the cathedral - the Bull and Chain, located on Langworthgate, and the Morning Star, near Greetwellgate. The former has its own garden, while the latter offers real ales. If you want to find more lively places, go to Bailgate.