Religious monuments of Altai. Cultural and historical sights of the Altai region
There are almost 2,000 thousand historical monuments on the territory of the Altai Territory. These include:
1. Military - revolutionary monuments - historical objects related to the events of the Civil War and the formation of Soviet power in Altai - the graves of the Red partisans and underground fighters, battle sites, buildings where the first state bodies of Soviet power were located.
Grave of the Red Partisans
2. Monuments of the period of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) are represented by separate monuments and memorials to soldiers - fellow countrymen who died on the war fronts, buildings in which hospitals for the wounded were located, mass graves of those who died from wounds, graves of Heroes of the Soviet Union who died after the war, buildings where war heroes lived or studied.
3. Memorable objects associated with the life and work of representatives of science, technology, culture, and public figures.
4. Monuments of mining and metallurgical production of the 28th - 19th centuries. represented by mines and the remains of factory complexes (Barnaul, Pavlovsky, Verkh-Aleysky plants, Kolyvan grinding factory).
Obelisk of Mining Production in Altai
5. A few monuments of military engineering art of the 18th century. – the remains of the defensive structures of the Kolyvano-Kuznetsk fortified line (Tigiretsky, Beloretsky, Verkh-Aleysky outposts, Klyuchevskoy lighthouse).
Sanatorium and resort complexes of the Altai Territory
Large sanatoriums are CJSC Belokurikha Resort, CJSC Sanatorium Rossiya, OJSC Sanatorium Altai-West.
Balneological Belokurikha resort, located on unique healing springs, is rightfully considered the pearl of Siberia. The main riches of the Belokurikha resort are the famous thermal waters containing radon, beneficial mountain air, healing mineral water, and, of course, the nature of the Altai Territory, unique in its beauty and positive energy. The climate is dry, moderate continental: early spring, moderately hot summer, fairly warm and dry autumn and windless, sunny winter.
Winter Belokurikha, both for local residents and guests, is a prestigious ski resort. Snowboard lovers and fans of alpine skiing come here. Celebrate Christmas and New Year in these places it has become a glorious tradition for many.
Sanatorium "Altai-West" - The best health resort of Altai and Russia
Sanatorium "Altai-West" is a modern resort complex in Belokurikha, located in close proximity to unique thermal springs.
Sanatorium Altai-West with a capacity of 607 people began operations in 1963 and is located in the center of the Belokurikha resort. On the territory of the sanatorium there is a park area near the river with alleys, gazebos, health paths, a children's playground, and a sports ground.
Nutrition
Included in the price of the tour.
Three meals a day. Breakfast - buffet; lunch and dinner according to a custom menu. The dietary menu is represented by diets No. 1,2,5,6,8,9,10,15.
In the sanatorium dining room (450 seats), the Budapest restaurant (56 seats) or the Altai restaurant (52 seats).
Orders are accepted for banquets, buffets, coffee breaks, and room service.
Lobby bar and coffee shop open
Services
24-hour reception, taxi call, luggage delivery. Storage of valuables (safe at reception); laundry services; minor clothing repairs; wake up order.
Hairdresser, minimarket, kiosk of periodicals; Sberbank branch; servicing Sbercard, Visa, Visa Electron, MasterCard Electronic, MasterCard Maestro cards; At the reception you can pay for services using the terminal.
Free Internet access.
Doctor on duty/medical post.
Leisure
Discos, music and entertainment programs, musical evenings around the fire, holiday concert programs, shows, performances by artists, film screenings.
Excursions to the Church of St. Panteleimon the Healer, around the resort area (Mount Tserkovka, Old Mill, Mount Four Brothers, Mount Round, Century Pine, Mount Grace).
Active routes provided by travel agencies: horseback riding, hiking, mountain, cycling, rafting; excursions to a breeding horse farm in the village. Altai, where you can see horses of purebred riding and Akhal-Teke breeds.
Infrastructure
For relaxation: a cinema and concert hall (500 people), a library (fund 15,000 copies), a billiards club with a cozy bar, nightclub“Relaxation” (show programs, discos).
For sports: gym, table tennis, equipment rental (roller skates, bicycles, skateboards, scooters); in winter – skates, skis.
For a wellness holiday: indoor pool, heated summer pool, solarium.
For children: children's playroom (computer games, videos, construction sets, toys); children's playground.
Games room
The Altai Republic is a beautiful and picturesque region located in Western Siberia. It has a long and difficult history. What is she famous for? What nationalities inhabit it? What historical and cultural monuments of the Altai Republic have survived to this day? Let's find out about everything in order.
Brief historical excursion
The history of Altai begins in ancient times - the first settlers settled in this territory back in the 3rd - 2nd centuries. B.C. This was followed by centuries of rule by the Mongols, Turks, Tibetans and other peoples who inhabited China. Basically, these were nomads, conquerors who liked the local lands, so they founded their camps and settlements here. The map of the Altai Republic has been changed many times.
Only around the 17th century did the territory of the current Altai Republic become part of the Russian state. The transformation process took more than three hundred years, and the names of this region changed several times.
Altai on the map of Russia
Looking at the borders of the republic on the map, you can understand that the neighboring countries are Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, and in the inner part there is the autonomy of Khakassia, Tyva, the Kemerovo region and the Altai Territory. For many centuries, Altai experienced territorial changes, and only in 1992 the territory acquired permanence.
The abundance of neighbors explains the multinationality of this region and the huge layer of diverse cultural heritage. These places are of interest to both archaeologists and connoisseurs of high art. The map of the Altai Republic is rich. Clean air and magnificent scenery make these places ideal for ecotourism.
A look through the centuries: the historical transformation of Altai
The history of the republic dates back several thousand years. During this period, many cultures and nationalities inhabited the territory of the modern republic. There are a large number of archaeological monuments of antiquity left here, which are still of interest to both archaeologists and lovers of antiquity. Altai is an inexhaustible source for research. history and culture of the Altai Republic - mounds, caves, burial grounds, “stone women”, rock writings - and now attract the attention of numerous scientists.
For example, rock writings that can be seen on rocks, stones, sculptures of sanctuaries, inscriptions, or as scientists correctly call them - petroglyphs, are a symbiosis of letters and drawings similar to Chinese characters - all this wealth attracts tourists from all over the world.
Looking at the cultural monuments of the Altai Republic, pictures from the past appear before your eyes. The study and deciphering of these ancient messages provide insight into the life of people in ancient times, their beliefs, conquests and other events. Excavations of settlements in Altai provide the opportunity to observe many important finds that reflect the life and culture of different historical eras. Currently, archaeological research and scientific expeditions continue on the territory of the republic.
Formation of the republic
Among the Altai Republic there are many familiar, familiar monuments to eminent personalities: V.I. Lenin, A.S. Pushkin, as well as the tragic events that the Soviet people experienced: memorials and obelisks to the heroic soldiers of the Great Patriotic War, soldiers of Afghanistan, victims of repression and Holodomor.
The largest part of the attractions belongs to tracts, mounds, burial grounds and caves, the number of which is impossible to count. These monuments receive traditional names, which depend on the location or the name of the archaeologist who found the monument.
Let's consider the most famous monuments and attractions of the Altai Territory: p. Barangol, the Vaskin Log tract, the Biryulinskoe settlement, the village of Urlu-Aspak, the coast of the Kutash River, the village of Kyzyk-Ozek, the village of Maima, the village of Manzherok, the right bank of the Ulalushki River, the village of Urlu-Aspak, the village of Chultukov and others. This list is constantly updated and expanded, since the lands of Altai store in their depths an endless number of ancient relics.
Cultural monuments of Altai
When studying the past of the Altai Republic, a connection is traced between historical events and the appearance of monuments. The culture of the Altai people was formed and developed under the influence of other civilizations and nationalities that inhabited the territory of the republic at different periods of time, and the states that included Altai. Most of these monuments are not only historical and cultural monuments of the Altai Republic, they are monuments of national and international significance. For example, there are numerous statues called stone women.
General concept of stone women
Stone women represent a valuable cultural heritage that has been preserved and has ancient history. There are more than 250 such statues in the Altai Republic. Stone sculptures are a magnificent and unprecedented art for modern man. Stone blocks are silhouettes of human bodies of different shapes and sizes. On average, their height ranges from 1.5 m to 4 m. Stone women are located in groups in different territories, tracts and villages. Their origin is associated with what is happening on the territory of the republic.
The similarity of the sculptures can be seen in the nature of the depiction of human facial features. At the same time, other features inherent in the human body are poorly visible - arms, torso and legs. Women are a relative concept; in fact, they are men - strong and brave warriors. These monuments left a big mark on the history of mankind and the culture of the Altai Republic.
Gorno-Altaisk - the capital of the Altai Republic
One of the main attractions of the Altai Republic is its capital, Gorno-Altaisk. Due to historical events, this is the only city in the Altai Republic. Gorno-Altaisk is a fairly young city, which appeared less than a hundred years ago. The appearance of the capital of the Altai Territory is tied to 1928; during its short history, Gorno-Altaisk was renamed in 1948 to Oirot-Tura. The status of the capital of the Altai Republic was assigned to Gorno-Altaisk in 1992.
Sights and monuments of Gorno-Altaisk
Gorno-Altaisk - small town, which features a number of attractions. This is a large number of monuments, a square of stones, the Palace of Justice, the square named after. Lenin, an ancient fountain, Victory Park and the National Museum. IN National Museum them. A.V. Anokhin presents more than 50,000 exhibits of archaeological, ethnological, paleontological and other finds; it stores finds and relics of world scale, for example, the mummy of Princess Ukoka. The cultural landmark of Gorno-Altaisk is the Temple of Macarius of Altai and the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord.
Every year the city grows and develops, the population increases and the territory expands. But it cannot be called a cramped and noisy metropolis, despite the fact that Gorno-Altaisk is, in fact, the only scientific, cultural and industrially developed center of the republic.
Gorny Altai: history and features
Gorny Altai deserves special attention. This is what the Altai Republic itself was previously called, but now this name refers to the part of the Altai Mountains that is located on the territory of the republic. This area is truly picturesque. The mountainous terrain - massifs, intermountain plateaus, winding rivers - contains historical monuments of the republic called golden, information about them can even be found in the UNESCO cultural heritage list. Within the mountain range there are also places of worship and archaeological monuments of Altai, for example, the Ak-Alah burial mound, located on the Ukok plateau.
Another attraction of the Altai region, which has more than 155 archaeological monuments belonging to different time periods. The value of these sites is very important to scientists, due to the fact that archaeological finds were stored in stunning conditions of cold and ice. The frozen state made it possible to preserve many valuable mementos, even substances of organic origin: food, mummies and bodies of people, their hair, nails. And now, using knowledge in the field of genetics, scientists are deciphering the picture of the life and way of life of ancient people.
Tourism in Altai
Undoubtedly, the historical and cultural monuments of the Altai Republic attract the attention of a large number of people. First of all, these are people closely associated with the sciences - history, archeology, paleontology, ethnography, as well as specialists - experts in religion, culture, and military affairs. On the territory Altai Republic The magnificent nature captivates the eye: mountain air, clean rivers and lakes, plains rich in vegetation.
Due to the underdevelopment of the industrial sector, the natural beauty remains untouched and pristine. Therefore, people tired of city noise, bustle, soot and smog from factories and cars come to this region. They come to admire the beauty of nature, see cults and ancient monuments, touch the relics of history, and recharge with energy and inspiration. And tourism, in turn, gives development to the Altai Republic itself. Currently, many tourist centers have been built here, providing a varied range of services. Among them are excursions to historical places, a review of interesting and significant archaeological finds: ancient sites, burials, burial grounds. Also popular are visits to the Bolshoi Chulchinsky Waterfall, Lake Teletskoye, and the Edelweiss Valley.
The value of the Altai Republic
The Altai Republic on the map of Russia is unique place. The land here is not paved railways and endless pipelines. There are no mineral mines, gold or diamond deposits here. There are no oil and gas wells. But there is something that other localities and regions sorely lack - fabulous nature, unsurpassed landscape, terrain, historical, cultural monuments and attractions. Monuments of history and archeology on the territory of the Altai Republic are of world significance. Therefore, many of them are included in the list of objects protected by the state.
It is impossible to tell about all the charms and attractions of Altai. It is also difficult to convey in words how beautiful Altai appears to its visitors. Anyone who visits the republic will not remain indifferent to the unprecedented beauty, picturesque terrain and pictures of the antiquity of this region.
The Altai Territory has a huge number of diverse monuments. The site presents the most significant and interesting monuments of the Altai Territory.
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One of the Central places of Barnaul is Demidov Square, in the center of which the Demidov Pillar is located. This obelisk was erected in honor of the 100th anniversary of mining in the Altai region. Construction of the monument began in 1825 with the laying of the first stone; the completion date was 1839. The height of the obelisk is about 14 meters; it was erected from 12 granite blocks; 4 cast-iron supports lying on a pedestal were used as the base.
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In 2010, a monument to Peter I was unveiled in Biysk. It is he who is considered the founder of the city, since more than three centuries ago he issued a decree on the construction of the first outpost on this site. In the heart of the so-called merchant Biysk, namely in Garkavoy Park, the bronze horseman fits perfectly.
With a proposal to create a monument to the founder of the city, the authorities approached several craftsmen from all over the country. As a result, the author of another Biysk monument - St. Macarius, Rostov master - Sergei Isakov, got down to business. According to the artist’s design, the emperor is seated on a horse, which is mounted on a three-meter pedestal.
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In the city of Barnaul there is the only monument to the outstanding writer, director, writer and actor, Vasily Shukshin. The history of the creation of this monument is quite interesting. Nikolai Zvonkov, a man who has absolutely nothing to do with the art of sculpture, decided to make a similar monument to his fellow countryman. He is an ordinary miller, studying sculpture in the studio at the Transmash Cultural Center. Zvonkov had been nurturing this idea of creating a monument for a long time. She was immediately supported by the boss and director of the plant where the self-taught sculptor worked. It took a year and a half to implement the idea.
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In Russia there are only two monuments to the leader and founder of the USSR Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, where he is depicted in a hat with earflaps, one is in Rybinsk (Yaroslavl region), the other is in Biysk. Socialist realism dictated the rules that this person had to be either without a headdress or wearing a cap. However, the Siberians decided to bring Lenin closer to culture and local color. Moreover, the leader had never been to this city during his reign. The monument to Lenin in Biysk was opened in 1983. The author of the project was Christopher Gevorkyan. The sculpture of Vladimir Ilyich, performed by master Gevorkyan, was cast in Minsk. During transportation, the figure was transported in a carriage by rail.
Altai is a subject Russian Federation, the republic within it. The Altai Republic is part of the Russian Federation, but at the same time borders on Kazakhstan and Mongolia. She doesn't count tourist place or a popular place to visit in Russia, like seaside resorts, For example. But this is a magnificent place, consisting of the most magnificent mountain ranges and flowering fields. If you see the wildlife of Altai, you will never forget it and will simply fall in love. The number of mountain ranges is impressive; Belukha, the highest mountain in Siberia (4509 meters), is located on its territory.
Moreover, their contrast with the huge river valleys is impressive. The climate change in the Altai region looks especially colorful; in the landscape of mountains and rivers you can see not only the colorful and bright summer season, when everything around blooms and shimmers. But also to experience severe cold and harsh winter. But at any time, Gorny Altai impresses with its picturesque splendor. Of course, Western Siberia is famous not only for its beauty, but also for its culture. This beautiful area is filled with monuments and memories of its own culture, whose history you will certainly enjoy learning about, especially through historical artifacts. It has a past full of mysteries, which are not so easy to solve, but very interesting to study.
The first settlements appeared in Altai in the 2nd-3rd centuries. B.C. In ancient times, the Mongols reigned there, and then other peoples of China and Central Asia, and the original peoples of Altai are considered to be the Mongols, Turks and Tibetans, who settled there as nomads and later formed settlements there. Thus, the nomadism and diversity of color of the neighbors of this region make this territory interesting for archaeology.
Historical and cultural monuments of Altai
Stone women
One of the most memorable finds is the creations of the Altai peoples depicting warriors. The strangest thing is that they eventually acquired such a name. And when heard, it is misleading, because it concerns the depiction of warriors and men. More than 200 such stone blocks were found in the Altai region, and some were transported to the central cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. They date back to the 8th-9th century AD. Not one image is like the other, so to speak, they are all made in a different style, although they represent the same thing. This is a large stone, sometimes made to resemble a person's silhouette with the image of a man or his face. Usually each of them has a straight, wide-eyed look. Everyone has some kind of distinctive sign that shows their status.
In the lowered hand there is usually a saber or a dagger, possibly on the belt. They are dressed in warrior robes and hold a bowl or goblet of drink in their hand. It is believed that this cup in the hand is a symbol of the participation of the soul in the burial. These stone sculptures attract with some kind of magical aura, reminiscent of something distant and sacred. They only resemble people from a distance; they serve rather as a description of them. The height of the statues varies from 1.5 m to 4 m. Sometimes they are located in groups near some ancient villages. They belong to the same time and are associated with a historical event. They are closely connected with the history of Altai and are considered its heritage. These amazing stone blocks are the image of strong and brave men who once lived like this.
Balbaly
This is a subject of discussion among archaeologists. This is also considered the property of Altai and represents a large number of stone blocks installed close to each other. There are several versions of the explanation for this phenomenon, or rather, their purpose. After all, this is a question of why someone once installed a large number of stones in one place away from the village, they must have some meaning. Their role in the funeral ritual is generally accepted, but it is the meaning of this arrangement that is important. These are definitely not the tombstones of the dead, because not a single bone was found near the burial. But at that time the corpses were burned. However, looking at the history and legends about these lands, some believe that it is directly related to tales of wars.
In ancient stories, it is said that when some glorious warrior or commander died, as many stones were placed next to his burial as the number of enemies he killed. True, even for that period it is very difficult to imagine that a person killed about a hundred people. And they are usually in large quantities. Therefore, this is more of a legend, albeit interesting, but dubious. In another version, these funeral stones are also considered a kind of cemetery; they said that soldiers and stones were buried there - this is a sign of recognition of the one who came to honor him. But, on the other hand, they could bury women and children, and then the stones would also be respected by the people who came to see off their soul.
In another version, they put forward the theory that these are not just stones, but hitching posts that nomadic peoples usually placed near their houses towards the east. And it is possible that when the burial ceremony took place, people brought hitching posts to this place, as a sign of respect or as a stay there. Perhaps they had a deeper meaning as a sign of attention to the human soul, so that he could know that this person remembers him. Therefore, such places in Balbala are still a controversial cultural monument. Everyone agrees that they have a ritual significance, but what remains to be seen. While they are impressive with their multiplicity and location among the rocks, they resemble a kind of cemetery, and on these stones you can even find inscriptions, like some kind of messages to the deceased.
Denisova Cave
Altai is full of mountains and ranges, very amazing in their beauty. And of course there are a lot of different caves there. But these names contain not only the spirit of the people, but also historical significance. The cave itself is called “Bear Stone” among the people, because according to legend, a dark Shaman used to live there, who terrorized neighboring settlements and forced them to pay him. He himself could turn into a huge bear and sculpt a boulder that rolled into the villages, and where his road lay, then it always rained and spoiled the crops. Only the highest deity, to whom the locals prayed, could defeat him.
He destroyed the shaman and pushed the thunderous boulder deep into the cave. Now there are many archaeologists there, and neighboring settlements scold them for this. After all, they believe that if they break off even a piece from the stone, the rain will fall on their houses again. But they are unlikely to leave this place alone, because it was this cave that became the source of the cultural find. Namely, it was found in it that confirmation was found that in this part of the continent, people began to settle not from the 1st century. AD, but already from 2-3, and this had more influence.
Of course, the question then arises, why is it called Deonisova? It acquired this name due to the fact that he lived there for some time in the 18th century. hermit Dionysius. For the Old Believers who lived there, he was a shepherd. Believers came to his cave for blessings and advice. That’s why the cave is now marked that way.
Ukok princess
This unexpected and amazing find fell into the hands of researchers of a mound on the Ukok plateau. In 1993, she found the burial of a man with two knives and a couple of horses, which was quite expected for this place. But then something truly amazing was discovered under this burial. They discovered an entire burial room, with the body of a young woman encased in ice, who is now called the Ukok Princess. The room was decorated with various skins, and 6 horses were also buried there, which speaks of its status, because only the royal family could have owned so many horses.
Altai region
Officially. Altai Territory is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, 3419 km from Moscow. Territory 168,000 square km.
Informally. The Altai region is very large and diverse. The topography changes as you move through the area. He seems to be a growing bear, at first quiet and calm, then huge and majestic. This is how steppes and plains grow into foothills and mountains.
Officially. The climate is temperate continental, formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses.
Unofficially. The four seasons have many variations, and come back each year to see a different perspective. You can come in the hot summer, or you can come in the cool and rainy weather. Give me variety! - this is the main rule of Altai weather.
Summer and Altai Mountains
Officially: The Altai Mountains are a complex system of the highest ridges in Siberia, which are separated by deep valleys of mountain rivers and vast basins located inside the mountains.
Informally: The nature of Altai is amazing. Tourists from all over the globe rush to these places to enjoy the beautiful views. high mountains, mountain rivers, mysterious caves and deserted spaces. Immerse yourself in the tranquility and beauty of these places.
The settlement of the Altai Territory has begun
in the 18th century
Young Russia needed metal to produce weapons and coins. The Ural factory owner Akinfiy Demidov founded the first metallurgical plant in 1729 - Kolyvano-Voskresensky. The depths of Altai were also rich in silver. In 1744, Demidov began producing silver. The result of Akinfiy Demidov’s activities in the Altai region was the establishment of a feudal mining industry based on the serf labor of assigned peasants and artisans.
Event tourism in the Altai region
Creation and development of bright, interesting events in the business, cultural, sports life of the Altai Territory became the basis for development in the region event tourism. The region annually hosts more than a dozen festivals, forums, and holidays that can attract thousands of tourists from various regions of Russia and from abroad. These are the International Tourism Forum “VISIT ALTAI”, the festival “Blossoming of the Maralberry”, the drinks festival “Altaifest”, the Day of Russia at the “Turquoise Katun”, the festival “Shukshin Days in Altai”, the International Youth Forum of the Asia-Pacific Region, the SCO Forum, the Siberian International Forum on Health and medical tourism, the Altai Wintering holiday and many others.
Beauty and health
Officially. Useful flora region has 1184 plant species. The largest group of drugs, including about 100 types widely used in official medicine.
Informally. Decoction, herbal teas, berry fruit drinks - this is what everyone who comes to the Altai Territory should try. Spas, health and wellness centers use products made from Altai herbs.
