A message about Eric the Red. Medieval discoveries (before Columbus): Eric the Red and Torfin Karlsefni

Viking, founder of the first settlement in Greenland.

“The elders at a public meeting in Tursnes sentenced him to exile. Like a mangy dog, he was banished from Iceland for three years. Him and those who were with him when, in a fit of anger, he crushed Ulfsson’s skull with an ax. But the scoundrel dared to insult the memory of his father and abuse the deceased. This is not forgiven! Just thinking about it Eirik the Red clenched his fists. Who cares that his parent, Thorvald Asvaldsson, led a stormy life, that during some skirmish with neighbors he killed a man and, fearing retribution, secretly left Norway and was the first to come here on the coast of Iceland.

In the 10th century, more than twenty thousand Normans left Norway, unable to endure the oppression of King Harald Fairhair any longer. Every year the king oppressed his subjects more and more, set one against the other, and when they began to rebel, he began to introduce increasingly harsh laws. The bravest ones fled from his oppression to a rocky, still deserted island, always shrouded in fog. They called it Iceland.

Following the first daredevils, others followed. Over time, the Vikings became cramped here too. On the rocky island there was not enough space for the ever-arriving migrants who, with their families and all their belongings, left their oppressed homeland. The much-desired freedom was also missing. Severe laws increasingly limited freedom - and it was valued above all else - causing protests, inciting quarrels and squabbles. And for murder, even if honor was being defended, the perpetrators were expelled from Iceland. They were expelled to who knows where. The punishment is more severe than beheading.

It was precisely this kind of exile that the elders of the people’s assembly were sentenced to. Eirik the Red. No one even thought that the exile would survive these years.

Eirik swam by sea, relying on the will of fate. He himself did not know where he was heading, to which shores the wave would wash him, the storm would drive him away - to the north, south, east or west? Or maybe... to those distant shores that old Gunbjorn has so eagerly told everyone about for ten years now? Until the end of his life, the old man could not forgive himself for not landing on them, driven by a storm. He tried more than once to find these shores, but to no avail.

Happiness accompanied the exile. With a handful of loyal friends and a small supply of food, he finally managed, after long wanderings, to land on some unfamiliar shores that suddenly appeared through a veil of fog on the horizon.

Ancient Icelandic sagas from the 11th, 12th and early 13th centuries tell the story of Eirik the Red in detail, glorifying his courage and endurance. They also tell about the unparalleled Viking seafarers who tirelessly plowed the waters of the northern seas on their nimble and fast boats - longships. They were the first Europeans to appear in these waters. The Vikings were fearless to the point of despair and unbridled in their thirst for knowledge.

Eirik the Red did not die in a foreign land. Guided by the unmistakable instinct that led his ancestors through the stormy waters of the polar seas, he found a fjord protected from the wind on the southwestern tip of the land he discovered, where it was warmer than in other areas of the coast. Eirik did not waste any time. Together with his comrades, he wandered through an unfamiliar land, going far into the depths of countless bays and bays. Many seals and walruses lived here, and there were also plenty of polar bears. The Vikings did not starve or freeze - they had plenty of meat and skins. They found no trees here, but the grass grew lushly and it was only a little colder than in Iceland. And all around there is solitude, freedom...

Three years passed unnoticed. The sentence has expired.

Leaving the coast he loved, Eirik the Red decided to return there again. This time
no longer as an exile.

“That distant land overgrown with greenery is beautiful, its meadows are fertile, there is plenty of lush grass and water in the streams for livestock. There is no shortage of wild animals either. I’ll take my family, all my property and return there. Where will I be better than there? I couldn't stand it here for long now. It's crowded, people quarrel, interfere in each other's lives. “Come with me, you won’t regret it,” he persuaded his neighbors. “We’ll be the first there, we’ll build estates wherever anyone likes.” There's enough room for everyone. We will set the laws ourselves, no one will rule us.”

Convinced that everything would be so, Eirik the Red named the land to which he was heading Green-Land, that is, the Green Country, in contrast to the country of white ice he was leaving - Iceland. And since you always feel more confident when surrounded by friends, he found over a thousand hunters who agreed to go with him.

In 985, as the heroic epic “The Saga of the Greenlanders” says, Eirik the Red went a second time to the Green Country. Whole families sailed on twenty-four longships: women, old people, children. Here, herded in a heap, tied and screwed to the masts, there were also animals: cattle, pigs, sheep, horses; Agricultural tools were not forgotten either. The settlers also took with them forest for building estates, bags of barley, oats and feed for livestock.

However, the stormy northern ocean was not equally favorable to everyone. A storm came, scattered the boats, and destroyed part of the supplies and livestock. Only fourteen longships managed to reach the shores of the Green Country; the rest went missing or returned to Iceland after long wanderings.

For centuries, the Vikings, the undivided rulers of the northern seas, knew neither a compass nor astronomical or navigational instruments and yet somehow managed without them. When the sky was cloudless, they navigated by the sun, moon and stars. But the northern seas are sometimes covered with a brown veil of fog for whole weeks, and if there is no fog, then storms rage. How then to swim? Apparently, these fearless sailors had excellent navigation and choice of direction, sensitively reacting to the slightest changes in wind, air humidity and water color. Sometimes they resorted to the help of ravens. This is how the old sagas remember them: “... they released the first one, he turned back and returned. The second one flew up, but then fell to the deck. The third soared high above the stem and flew further - in this direction we should have sailed, and that’s where we usually found land.”

Later in their voyages, the Vikings determined the direction to the north with the help of a “magnetic” stone, which, as the sagas tell, was stored in a wooden box filled with water. But in their first wanderings they did not even have this. The eternal routes of whales, as well as drifting waters, helped them to navigate perfectly. sea ​​currents icebergs. And, of course, that sixth sense - later it will be called the sailor's instinct - which unerringly guided the daredevils through the stormy waters of the Far North.

Humanity today is proud of the expedition of the exiled Viking, the unparalleled courage and scope of activity of the discoverers of the Green Country. Only many centuries later Far North will become an eyewitness to equally daring and numerous expeditions.

Those who arrived safely with Eirik the Red on unfamiliar land liked the new lands. They settled on the shores of fjords, sheltered from the cold winds blowing from the interior of the ice-bound land.”

Tsentkevich A., Tsentkevich Ch., Besieged by the eternal cold, L., “Gidrometeoizdat”, 1975, p. 32-34.

The end of the 10th century in history was marked not only by major military-political conflicts, but also by the colonization of Greenland by Scandinavian settlers. The “Green Country” owes its discovery to the Norwegian Erik the Red (950-1003), who went in search of new lands because he was expelled from Iceland for his violent temper.

Eric Rauda (Red): family, first difficulties

Not much information has been preserved about the discoverer’s childhood and youth. It is known that Eric the Red was born in Norway, not far from Stavanger, on the Jerene farm. His bright sunny hair color did not go unnoticed, and soon the nickname Red was assigned to him. As a teenager, he and his family were forced to leave their homeland due to a blood quarrel between his father and his neighbors. They sailed west and settled on the Hornstrandir peninsula. At this time, migration to Iceland had already ended, so they got far from the most best lands on a rocky shore.

When Eric the Red matured, he tried to escape poverty and constant need. After the death of his father, by hook or by crook he moves to the south of Iceland and marries a girl from a wealthy family in the Haukadal district. It seemed that things were going well: with his wife’s dowry, Eric was able to purchase a plot of land and develop a farm. However, problems were not long in coming.

Hot blood

It should be noted that in fiction Eric the Red, like other Vikings, has a somewhat ennobled image, but in fact his real life was a series of endless skirmishes, including bloodshed and robbery.

Having barely had time to get married, the future navigator was involved in a feud with a neighbor, whose estate was robbed by Eric's slaves. The conflict worsened when one of the relatives of the injured neighbor, unable to bear the resentment for the damage caused, killed Eric's people. But the young warrior did not remain in debt. He committed lynching and killed this relative and his friend. As a result of these actions, he was expelled from the Haukadal district.

After the verdict, leaving the estate in great haste, Eric the Red forgot to take the ancestral carved pillars, which were a sacred value for each family. Torgest (the owner of another neighboring farm) appropriated someone else's goods, which subsequently served as the beginning of new troubles.

Exile

The following winter, the young Viking wandered with his family around the islets of Breidafjord, enduring all the hardships of life as exiles. With the onset of spring, he decides to return to Haukadal to pick up his ancestral pillars and other property that he hastily left behind. But the dishonest neighbor categorically refused to give them up. Eric and his friends were forced to take refuge in the nearby forest, waiting for the time when he would go somewhere on business or hunting. Seizing the moment, they made their way into the estate and returned the pillars, believing that this would be the end of the story. However, in those harsh times, nothing was wasted on anyone. An attempt to recover their property resulted in yet another bloodshed. Torgest, discovering the disappearance of the pillars, rushed in pursuit of Eric. In the ensuing brawl, he lost his sons and followers.

New deaths rocked eminent families. They forced the heads of the districts of Haukadal and Breidafjord to officially declare Erik Thorvaldson (Red) an outlaw. Numerous supporters of Torgest in the spring of 981 took military action against the restless Norwegian. As a result, despite the support and friends, Eric was declared an exile for a period of three years.

Search for land

Sources tell very little about the most epoch-making discovery of the Scandinavian navigator Eric the Red. It is known that, fulfilling the sentence, he says goodbye to his friends and decides to go in search of the land previously discovered by the Norwegian Gunnbjorn, when his ship was thrown to the west by a storm. Taking the same course from the coast of Iceland, Eric moves between 65-66° north latitude, successfully using a tailwind. After four days of travel, he and his men found themselves at east coast unknown land.

After a row unsuccessful attempts to break through the ice to the shore, the sailors moved along coastline to the southwest. Contemplating the lifeless icy deserts and mountainous landscape, they approached southern fjords, and from there they headed across the strait to the west coast. Here the ice cover began to gradually retreat. Tired travelers landed on a small island, where they spent the winter.

Expedition 982

In the summer of 982, Eric the Red with a small team set out on a reconnaissance expedition and discovered a coast to the west, indented by many deep fjords. He enthusiastically noted locations for future farms. Further (according to the modern Canadian prose writer F. Mowat) on some coastal peak the discoverer noticed in a westerly direction high mountains. It is noteworthy that on fine days, beyond Davis Strait, it is quite possible to see the icy peaks of Baffin Island.

Having crossed the strait, the Vikings reached the Cumberland Peninsula, where they were able to explore the mountainous terrain of the entire eastern coast. There they spent most of the summer doing fishing: hunting walruses, storing fat, collecting walrus ivory and narwhal tusks. In the future, it was the discovery of Vestr Obyugdir (“Western Desert Regions”) that would play a significant role in the difficult life of the Greenlandic colonists.

Southwestern coast of Greenland

Based on sources, in the summer of 983 Eric the Red headed from the Northern Arctic Circle to the north, where he discovered the island and Disko Bay, the peninsulas of Nugssuaq and Svartenhoek. He was able to reach Melville Bay (76° north latitude), thus exploring another 1200 km west coast Greenland. This region filled with beauty amazed the Norwegian with the abundance of living creatures: polar bears, reindeer, arctic foxes, whales, walruses, eider ducks, and gyrfalcons.

After persistent research, Eric found several suitable flat places in the southwest, relatively sheltered from the harsh winds of the north and with summer period dense green vegetation. The contrast created between the icy desert and this area was so impressive that the red-haired navigator named the coast “Green Land” (Greenland). Of course, this name did not correspond to a large island, where only 15% of the territory is free from ice cover. Some chronicles claim that Eric intended to attract his compatriots with a beautiful word in order to persuade them to move. However beautiful name originally related only to the picturesque areas of the southwestern coast and only in the 15th century it spread to the entire island.

The first settlers of the "Green Land"

At the end of the established period of exile, Erik the Red returned safely to Iceland (984) and began to convince the local Scandinavians to move to a “blessed paradise.” It should be noted that in those days Iceland was full of dissatisfied people, many of whom were emigrants from the last streams. Such families readily responded to the navigator’s call to go to the “Green Land.”

In June 985, according to the sagas of Eric the Red, 25 ships with settlers on board sailed from the shores of Iceland, but only 14 of them were able to reach South Greenland. The ships were caught in a terrible storm, and some of them, unable to cope with the elements, sank into the sea or were thrown back to Iceland by the storm.

On west bank Islands in the previously noted fjords Erik and his compatriots formed two settlements - Eastern and Western. The reliability of the chronicles is confirmed by the results archaeological finds, which were discovered at the site of the organization of the estate of Eric the Red (now Kassiarsuk).

Life in a harsh land

The colonists settled a narrow strip along the sea; it was pointless for them to move deeper into the island. Under the leadership of Eric, they settled in new places, mainly engaged in fishing and hunting. Their lands also had excellent pastures for livestock brought from Iceland. In the summer season, when the weather was favorable for travel, a call was made among the male population to hunt in Disko Bay, which is beyond the Arctic Circle.

The Greenlanders did not break ties with their homeland, because their lives depended on this communication. They sent furs, blubber and walrus tusks there, and in return received iron, textiles, bread and timber. It was because of the last resource that great difficulties arose on the island. There was a catastrophic shortage of timber. It was available in abundance in Labrador, located near Greenland, but sailing for it in the harsh climate was almost impossible.

Family, faith and the final journey

The biography of Eric the Red does not give a detailed picture of his family life. There is an assumption that during the marriage he had three sons and a daughter. The first-born Leif adopted his father's passion for sea travel. He became the first Viking to visit the land of Vinland in North America, which is near what is now Newfoundland. Other sons also took an active part in various expeditions.

It is known that, having a difficult character, Eric often reproached his wife and his children for the priest brought to the island, who managed to baptize most of the adult population. The navigator himself remained completely faithful to the pagan gods and treated Christianity with outright skepticism.

The discoverer of Greenland spent the last years of his life on the island. The sons called their father to sail, but shortly before the ship departed, he fell from his horse and saw this as a bad sign. Without tempting fate, Erik Thorvaldson remained on land and died in the winter of 1003. Legends tell that people flocked to Cape Geriulva from all over the island to pay their last respects to him. The funeral procession went down to the sea, and on the Viking ship the ashes of Eric the Red were buried in the fire, he made his last journey.

The wave of craft pubs that have covered the capital has led to the fact that the “beer” crowd goes to most of the openings less and less often. And really, what is there to see? New beer? All suppliers are the same. Design? Everyone is already sick and tired of Edison light bulbs sticking out of water pipes. Nevertheless, the opening of the pub-restaurant “Eric the Red” on Old Arbat caused a great stir. In my opinion, everyone who was at least somehow connected with beer came to the opening.

Beer restaurants have been located in this room “since ancient times.” Starting with “Schveik” in the 90s and ending with “Kruzhka” recently. A little further, in the same house in Soviet era there was a store that sold draft kvass year-round (this was a rarity) (and maybe beer, I didn’t pay attention to it then). So it's a place with traditions.

The pub has two floors and a basement. On the first and second there is just a pub with snacks. There is a restaurant in the basement where food is served by waiters. Music can also be played there, which by the way cannot be heard on the upper floors, which is of course a big plus. Some people want to play some music and dance, while others just sit and chat.

The most important thing is that the bars have different beer on all three floors! Keep this in mind. I don’t know how many taps there are. I think about 45-50 in total. Plus a bottle. The choice is worthy. First of all, this is, of course, the assortment of “One Ton” and “Velka Morava”, the beer that they brew and which they import. After all, these breweries own the restaurant. Beer prices are average in Moscow and, of course, cheaper than in most establishments on Arbat.

The main question is where to start, because... this beer was supposed to be the thousandth check-in on untappd.com. Vasily Smirnov suggested - Odin’s Tipple. Imperial stout from the Norwegian brewery Haand Bryggeriet.

Odin's Tipple(Norway, Drammen) - 11% alc. Vasily was right (Vasily will not give bad advice!). The most powerful and at the same time balanced thing! Strong aroma of roasted malt, chocolate and creosote. Moderate sweetness and dry aftertaste complemented, again, by dark chocolate, willow bark and coffee. Definitely "A+".

Then I wanted a domestic manufacturer.

Red Sonja(Russia, Zhukovsky) - 6.2% alc. Ginger IPA. Collaboration with Oleg Edigarov. Soft but noticeable Christmas tree aroma. There is a little ginger in the taste, it burns a little. In the aftertaste, black currant overlays the ginger. It’s the berry, not the “cats pissed.” Plus a soft but noticeable bitterness. Great balance of everything. With age, you begin to appreciate balance, and not the perversion and extremeness of taste :) I’ll also give it “A+”, and let those who disagree name another, better ginger IPA :)

We tried One Ton and moved on to Velka Morava.

Anniversary Baltic Porter(Russia, Moscow) - 7.7% alc. But here’s the bummer, sir. Or sawed in the wrong sequence. It seemed quite watery for 20% density. Burnt flavor is not bad, but it is balanced by sweetness or bitterness. It seems that it has been heavily fermented and there is no body left. Although the burnt food, I repeat, is not bad. Grade “C+”, but need to try separately.

Towards the end we were treated to Urbock 23° in a new can (previously it seemed to only be in bottles). It's not on the menu. Stepan Chunikin brought it.

Urbock 23°(Austria, Worchdorf) - 9.6% alc. This is what I understand as doppelbock! Straight port or maltliquor. Aroma of dried fruits. Sweet, even cloying, but tasty. The alcohol is not felt at all. Caramel, candy, dried fruit and port in the barrel on the finish. Grade "A"

Volodya "Nikshychko" with the largest Chinese shipowners

Eirik the Red is a famous Scandinavian navigator. He is considered the person who founded the first settlement in Greenland, as well as a pioneer. He got his nickname “redhead” for the distinctive color of his beard and hair. His son Leif was the first to set foot on the shores of America, and he is considered its main pre-Columbian discoverer.

Biography of a Scandinavian

It is reliably known that Eirik the Red was born in Norway. At that time, there was a king named and his father was Thorvald Asvaldson. Torvald could not control his emotions well, so one day he decided to kill. For this crime, he and his family were expelled from the country. The Asvaldsons had to settle in Iceland.

But even in the new place, his violent temper made it difficult to get along with others. In addition, his son Eirik the Red also adopted his excessive emotionality. Around 980, he himself was sentenced to three years of exile for two murders. First, he took the life of a neighbor who would not give up a borrowed boat, and then took revenge for his slaves, who were killed by another Viking.

Obeying the sentence, Eirik decided to sail west to get to the land, which was visible in clear weather from mountain peaks in the west of Iceland. As it turned out, she was located about three hundred kilometers from the coast. Sagas have been preserved in Norwegian folklore, according to which another famous Norwegian Viking, whose name was Gunbjorn, sailed there about a century ago.

Eirik's Journey

Eirik Ryzhik set sail in 982. He took his entire family with him, as well as livestock and servants. At first he was prevented from landing ashore for a long time floating ice. Therefore, he had to go around the island from the south and go ashore in the area of ​​​​the modern Greenlandic town of Qaqortoq. This was Greenland.

The hero of our article spent three years on the island, without meeting a single person during this time. Although he repeatedly made attempts to find someone. He explored almost the entire coastline, even reaching Disko Island on his boat, which is located northwest of the southern tip of Greenland.

In 986 his exile from Iceland expired. He returned and began to convince local residents move to new lands. Now you know which island was discovered by Eirik the Red. Moreover, he gave it its name. Literally translated from Norwegian, Greenland means “Green Land”.

Disputes about how appropriate this name is still continue to this day. Some scientists put forward hypotheses based on the fact that in the Middle Ages the climate in these places was milder. That's why coastal areas, located in the southwest of the island, could indeed be covered with dense green grassy vegetation. Others are convinced that this name was some kind of advertising gimmick of the Scandinavian navigator. Thus, he simply tried to attract as many settlers as possible with him.

If you believe the sagas that can be found in Norwegian folklore, 30 ships that sailed from Iceland set off on the journey for the hero of our article. The fate of most of them was not as successful as Eric Thorvaldson himself. Only 14 ships, carrying 350 settlers, reached the shore. Together with him, Eirik founded the first settlement in Greenland. It was called the Eastern Settlement.

Archaeological finds subjected to radiocarbon analysis suggest that the residence of Eirik the Red himself was located not far from modern city Narsarssuaq. The discovered objects date back to approximately 1000.

Discoverer Family

When Eirik himself had already retired, his sons continued his work. He instilled in them a passion for research. As a result, it was (the son of Eirik) who discovered Vinland around the year 1000. This is the territory where it is located today North America. Other sons of the hero of our article, Thorstein and Torvald, also made long-distance expeditions to another continent.

In addition, it is known that Leif Eriksson brought a priest directly from Norway who baptized Greenland. But in the biography of Eirik the Red, there is no mention of the fact that he converted to Christianity. Most likely, he remained a pagan, unlike his wife and sons. Information has reached that new religion He treated his fellow tribesmen as skeptically as possible.

Greenland

Today Greenland is the most big island on Earth. The rights to it belong to Denmark, it is an autonomous unit of Denmark.

From the history of this island it is known that before its discovery by the Vikings, Greenland was inhabited by Arctic peoples. But long before the Norwegians arrived, the island was completely deserted. The ancestors of modern Inuit began to settle here only in the 13th century.

The Danes began colonizing it in the 18th century. Only during the Second World War did Greenland manage to separate from the Danish kingdom, moving closer to Canada and the United States. But after the victory over fascism, the Danes again regained control of Greenland. The largest island on Earth was proclaimed an integral part of the kingdom.

In 1979, Greenland received broad autonomy. Now she even has her own football team, which competes in tournaments under the auspices of FIFA and UEFA.

Viking Campaigns

In the era of the Great geographical discoveries Eirik the Red became one of the first who was drawn to distant, unexplored places.

In which spanned the 9th-11th centuries, the Scandinavians actively traveled in different directions. They sailed to both Ireland and Rus'. Usually along the way they were engaged in hunting, trading and robbery. It is known that Iceland was discovered around 860, establishing a number of colonies there. At the same time, the Vikings often sailed to the West. Therefore, modern science believes that they were the first Europeans to reach the shores of America. It was then that the first genetic contact with the indigenous inhabitants of North America occurred.

First trip to America

It is believed that the Norwegian Viking Gunnbjorn was the first to reach the shores of Novaya Zemlya around 900. During the voyage, he lost his course; the travelers were saved only by the fact that they noticed Greenland on the horizon. This discovery inspired his other tribesmen to new expeditions and discoveries.

So Eirik the Red used exile to discover new lands and expand horizons. The climate of Greenland, to which he sailed, was very harsh, but he still convinced some of his fellow tribesmen to follow him and establish a settlement in a new place almost from scratch.

Eirik's sons in America

Officially, the first Viking to set foot on the American shore was Eirik's son, Leif. He visited the country of the Valans, as Helluland was called, around the year 1000. Markland (“forest country”) and Vinland (“wine country,” presumably Newfoundland or New England) were also discovered. His expedition spent the whole winter there and then returned to Greenland.

His brother Thorvald founded the first Viking settlement in America in 1002. But they didn't last long there. Soon the Norwegians were attacked by local Indians, who were called Skraelings. Torvald was killed in battle, his comrades returned home.

The descendants of Eirik the Red made two more attempts to colonize America. One of them involved his daughter-in-law named Gudrid. In America, she even managed to establish trade with the local Indians, but still did not stay long.

Eirika's daughter Freydis took part in another voyage. She failed to establish contact with the Indians, and the Vikings had to retreat. In total, the Norwegian settlement in Vinland lasted for several decades.

Evidence of the discovery of America by the Vikings

Interestingly, the hypothesis about the discovery of America by the Vikings existed for many years, but it did not find clear evidence. Although the Norwegians were found to have a map of the northeastern coast of America, it was considered a fake. It was only in 1960 that the remains of a Norwegian settlement were discovered on the territory of Canadian Newfoundland.

The founders of the Moscow brewery Velka Morava, Sergei Novak and Vladimir Semenov, as well as the founder of the One Ton brewery, Alexander Belkov, opened the pub-restaurant “Erik Ryzhiy” on Arbat. Representatives of the establishment told The Village about this.

The owners decided to open the pub after traveling together in Northern Europe. To launch the project, Kirill Eremeev, who has 18 years of experience in the restaurant business, was appointed manager. He has participated in the opening of Tatyana Kurbatskaya’s “Pallacio Ducale” restaurants, Arkady Novikov’s “A Club” and “Pavilion” projects, as well as “Fish” of the restaurant syndicate of Kirill Gusev and the pilot restaurant of the “T Bon” chain.

The brand and bar manager for the project is Stanislav Obraztsov, who is responsible for everything related to beer, its assortment, and advertising. Obraztsov is known for his work at the 1516 brewery and the Craft rePUBlic bar. The assortment of the new pub on Arbat includes 54 varieties of draft beer and more than 300 bottled craft beers and ciders from Russian and foreign small breweries, such as Nøgne Ø, De Molen, BrewDog, To Øl, Hornbeer, Haand, 7Fjell, Emelisse. Obraztsov notes that it is unlikely that anywhere else in Russia you can find beer from these breweries on tap at the same time. In addition, the pub supplies craft beers produced at the breweries of the owners Velka Morava and One Ton. Prices for draft beer range from 170 to 290 rubles, for bottled beer - from 180 to 1,500 rubles.

A young chef from Yalta, Arseniy Zinchenko, is in charge of the kitchen at Eric the Red. Among appetizers and salads, the menu includes home-salted Norwegian herring (300 rubles), chicken wings (380 rubles), salad with grilled mackerel fillet, mini potatoes and fresh radishes (420 rubles). They also offer soups: Norwegian fish soup made from sockeye salmon, pike perch and trout with cream and shrimp bisque sauce (290 rubles) and goulash soup with beef (290 rubles). For main course, you can order grilled mackerel with mini potatoes and baked cherry tomatoes (420 rubles), Wiener schnitzel (400 rubles) or beef rib with crispy eggplant in soy-honey sauce (550 rubles). For dessert - homemade cheese cake (250 rubles) and apple roll (250 rubles).

Eric the Red has three floors. Each of them has its own selection of draft beer and cider. Visitors who value “intimacy and quiet relaxation” are offered accommodation on the lower ground floor under brick arched vaults of the 19th century. For those who value a pub atmosphere more, there are places on the first and second floors.