Capital cities of European countries in alphabetical order. Foreign Europe - countries and capitals Political map of Europe with country names in Russian

Europe is a part of the world that, together with another part of the world, Asia, forms a single continent - Eurasia. Its vast territory contains 44 independent states. But not all of them are part of Foreign Europe.

Foreign Europe

In 1991 it was created international organization CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States). Today it includes the following states: Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. In relation to them, the countries of Foreign Europe are distinguished. There are 40 of them. This figure does not include dependent states - possessions of a particular state that are not formally its territory: Akrotil and Dhekelia (Great Britain), Aland (Finland), Guernsey (Great Britain), Gibraltar (Great Britain), Jersey (Great Britain) ), Isle of Man (UK), Faroe Islands(Denmark), Spitsbergen (Norway), Jan Mayen (Norway).

In addition, this list does not include unrecognized countries: Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand.

Rice. 1 Map of Foreign Europe

Geographical location

The countries of Foreign Europe occupy a relatively small area - 5.4 km2. The length of their lands from north to south is 5,000 km, and from west to east - more than 3,000 km. extreme point to the north is the island of Spitsbergen, and to the south is the island of Crete. This region surrounded by seas on three sides. In the west and south it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Geographically, Foreign Europe is divided into regions:

• Western : Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, France, Switzerland;
• Northern : Denmark, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Estonia;
• South : Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican City, Greece, Spain, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro;
• Eastern : Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic.

From ancient times to the present day, the development of Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, and the Netherlands is inextricably linked with the sea. In the west it is difficult to find a place that would be more than 480 km away from the water, and in the east - 600 km.

General characteristics

Foreign European countries vary in size. Among them there are large, medium, small and “dwarf” states. The latter include the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta. As for the population, you can mainly observe countries with a small number of citizens - about 10 million people. By shape government the vast majority of countries are republics. In second place are constitutional monarchies: Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, Monaco, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain, Andorra, Belgium. And at the last stage in the singular - theocratic monarchy: the Vatican. The administrative-territorial structure is also heterogeneous. The majority are unitary states. Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Montenegro, Germany, Austria, Belgium are countries with a federal structure.

Rice. 2 Developed countries of Europe and their capitals

Socio-economic classification

In 1993, the idea of ​​European unification received a new lease of life: that year the treaty establishing the European Union was signed. At the first stage, some countries opposed joining the ranks of such an association (Norway, Sweden, Austria, Finland). The total number of countries included in the modern EU is 28. They are united not only by their name. First of all, they “profess” a common economy (a single currency), a common domestic and foreign policy, as well as a security policy. But within this alliance, not everything is so smooth and homogeneous. It has its own leaders - Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. They account for about 70% of the total GDP and more than half of the population of the European Union. The following are small countries, which are divided into subgroups:

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• First : Austria, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden;
• Second : Greece, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Malta, Cyprus;
• Third (developing countries): Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

In 2016, a referendum was held in Great Britain on whether the country should leave the EU. The majority (52%) were in favor. So, the state is on the threshold of a difficult process of leaving the large “European family”.

Rice. 3 Rome - the capital of Italy

Foreign Europe: countries and capitals

The following table provides a list of countries and capitals of Overseas Europe in alphabetical order:

What have we learned?

In this article we talked about the countries and main cities of Foreign Europe. Overseas Europe is a region of Europe. What does it contain? It includes all countries located in the European part of Eurasia, except for states belonging to the CIS. The European Union operates on the territory of Foreign Europe, which has united 28 states under its roof.

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How many European capitals can an adult name? Without preliminary preparation, perhaps no more than twenty. Full list Not everyone can provide the capitals of European states orally. There are forty-four in total. This article presents the capitals of European countries in alphabetical order.

A short introduction

Before naming the capital of a European state, which ranks first on our list, it is worth saying that cities can be classified according to various criteria. And by area, and by population, and by age. But in this article we will not give preference to any city. All of them will be named exclusively in alphabetical order. There is a lot that can be said about the capitals of European cities, but only brief information is presented below.

On "A"

Amsterdam is the capital of the European state of the Netherlands. The exact date of foundation is unknown, but the first information about the city dates back to the beginning of the 13th century. In the 14th century, Amsterdam became a major trading center.

Andorra la Vella- the main and most large city country called Andorra. Just over 20 thousand people live here and there are interesting architectural monuments created back in the Middle Ages.

Which city is the capital of Greece? Even a child can answer this question. Athens is the city where the government of the country sits, which, according to legend, has everything.

On "B"

Belgrade is the capital of a European state, founded earlier than Berlin, Paris and other famous cities. It was first mentioned under its modern name in the ninth century.

There are many European states and their capitals. But there is a city whose history contains an incredible fact. For several decades it was divided into two parts by a high wall. This is the city of Berlin.

What is the name of the capital of the state that produces the best chocolate and cheese? Berne! And this is perhaps one of the most picturesque cities in the world. However, the one named below is not inferior to it in the beauty of city landscapes.

In the center of Europe is a city that was once the capital of Hungary, but today it leads Slovakia. This is Bratislava.

Capital of Belgium - small town with a difficult history - Brussels. About 150 thousand people live here. At the same time, ethnically the population is quite diverse.

Budapest was founded at the end of the 19th century. It is the largest city in Hungary.

The main events in the cultural and economic life of Romania take place in Bucharest. Its population is 180 thousand people.

On "B"

There is a very tiny country in Europe where they speak exclusively German. It gained independence in the sixties of the 19th century. The capital of this state, Vaduz, is home to only five and a half thousand people.

Valletta is the economic and political center of Malta.

Warsaw - ancient European city which was almost completely destroyed during the worst war of the 20th century.

The name of which capital is similar to the name of the state in which it is located? Of course, the Vatican.

Which city hosts the most famous music festivals? Of course, in the Austrian capital - Vienna.

And finally, which Baltic city begins with "B"? There are many such people who can be named. But only one of them is the capital. This is Vilnius.

From "G" to "L"

The largest city located on the island of Ireland is Dublin. And the largest in Croatia is Zagreb. The ancient and majestic Kyiv lies on the picturesque banks of the Dnieper. And on the Byk River, which flows into the Dniester, there is Chisinau. The cultural, governmental and economic center of Denmark is Copenhagen. The capital of Portugal is Lisbon.

Even schoolchildren, for whom geography is the most hated subject, know that the main city in the country, so often called Foggy Albion, is London. But they are unlikely to be able to answer the question of where the main political and economic institutions of Slovenia are located. And they are all concentrated in Ljubljana. Another capital whose name coincides with the name of the state is Luxembourg.

From "M" to "O"

Madrid is located in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula. main city countries of bullfighting and flamenco. And on southeastern slope of the Minsk Upland stands Minsk, founded in the tenth century. The next item on this long list is the capital of the largest state in the world. It is sometimes called White Stone, although in architectural ensemble, located in the very center, completely different shades predominate. Like Rome, it stands on seven hills. Of course, this is Moscow. And after it on our list comes the largest Norwegian city - Oslo.

From "P" to "X"

The Eiffel Tower, the Champ de Mars, the Seine River - all these are symbols of Paris. What associations do people have when they hear the name of the Montenegrin capital? If he has been to Podgorica, he may remember the Cathedral Church or the palace complex of King Nicholas I Petrovic-Njegos. But the symbols of Prague are considered to be St. Vitus Cathedral, Charles Bridge and the Powder Tower.

Among the European capitals there is one whose name in Russian can be translated as “smoking bay”. This is Reykjavik, a city located on the Seltjadnarnes peninsula. The political center of Latvia is Riga. And the capital of Italy bears the name of the once powerful empire, the birthplace of Julius Caesar: Rome.

San Marino is the capital of the state of the same name. Sarajevo is the political and economic center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Skopje is the birthplace of the famous Mother Teresa and the capital of Macedonia. What can you say about the Swedish capital? Several decades ago, most of the residents of our country associated this city with the self-confident Carlson. Today, Russian citizens have a deeper knowledge of the culture of Stockholm.

Our list has come to an end. There are only three cities left to name. We are talking about the capitals of Estonia, Albania and Finland. Political, economic and cultural centers these states are Tallinn, Tirana and Helsinki respectively.

If we do not take into account dependent regions and incompletely recognized states, then Europe in 2017 covers 44 powers. Each of them has a capital, in which not only its administration is located, but also the highest authority, that is, the government of the state.

European countries

The territory of Europe extends from east to west for more than 3 thousand kilometers, and from south to north (from the island of Crete to the island of Spitsbergen) for 5 thousand kilometers. The majority of European powers are relatively small. With such small sizes of territories and good transport accessibility, these states either closely border each other or are separated by very short distances.

The European continent is divided territorially into parts:

• western;
• eastern;
• northern;
• southern

All powers, located on the European continent, belong to one of these territories.

• There are 11 countries in the western region.
• In the east - 10 (including Russia).
• In the north - 8.
• In the south - 15.

We list all European countries and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.

Western

List of states belonging to Western Europe, with a list of main cities:

The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by the currents of the Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula they border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean. In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they stand out as an unfavorable demographic situation. This is a low birth rate and a low level of natural increase in population. In Germany there is even a population decline. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a subregion in the global system of population migration; it turned into the main center of labor immigration.

Eastern

List of states located in the eastern zone of the European continent and their capitals:

Eastern European countries have a lower level of economic development than their western neighbors. However, they better preserved their cultural and ethnic identity. Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be classified as the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographic center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.

Northern

The list of states included in northern Europe, including capitals, looks like this:

The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Spitsbergen and Iceland are included in the northern part of Europe. The population of these regions makes up only 4% of the entire European population. Most big country Eight is Sweden, and the smallest is Iceland. The population density in these lands is lower in Europe - 22 people/m2, and in Iceland - only 3 people/m2. This is due to the harsh conditions of the climatic zone. But economic development indicators highlight northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.

South

And finally, the most numerous list of territories located in the southern part and the capitals of European states:

The Balkan and Iberian peninsulas are occupied by these southern European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The countries are rich in mineral resources. IN agriculture main efforts aimed at growing food products such as:

• grape;
• olives;
• pomegranate;
• dates.

It is known that Spain is the world's leading olive harvesting country. It is here that 45% of all olive oil in the world is produced. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró.

European Union

The idea of ​​​​creating a single community of European powers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, or more precisely after the Second World War. The official unification of the countries of the European Union (EU) occurred only in 1992, when this union was sealed by the legal consent of the parties. Over time, the membership of the European Union has expanded and now includes 28 allies. And states that want to join these prosperous countries will have to prove their compliance with European foundations and EU principles, such as:

• protection of citizens' rights;
• democracy;
• freedom of trade in a developed economy.

EU Members

The European Union in 2017 includes the following states:

Today there are also candidate countries to join this foreign community. These include:

1. Albania.
2. Serbia.
3. Macedonia.
4. Montenegro.
5. Türkiye.

On the map of the European Union you can clearly see its geography, European countries and their capitals.

Regulations and prerogatives of EU partners

The EU has a customs policy under which its members can trade with each other without tariffs and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the accepted customs tariff applies. Having common laws, the EU countries created a single market and introduced a single monetary currency- euro. Many EU member countries are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely throughout the territory of all allies.

The European Union has governing bodies common to its member countries, which include:

• European Court.
• European Parliament.
• European Commission.
• The audit community that controls the EU budget.

Despite the unity, European states that have joined the community have complete independence and state sovereignty. Each country uses its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But there are certain criteria for all participants, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.

It should be noted that since its founding, only one power has left the European community. This was the Danish autonomy - Greenland. In 1985, she was outraged by the low quotas imposed by the European Union on fishing. You can also recall the sensational events of 2016 referendum in Great Britain, when the population voted for the country to leave the European Union. This suggests that even in such an influential and seemingly stable community, serious problems are brewing.