Virtual trip to Luanda, the capital of Angola. Luanda is the capital of which country Which country has the capital Luanda

Population 2584 thousand people (2009). Ras-po-lo-na on the coastal bay of Lu-an-da At-lan-ti-che-skogo ocean. The starting point of the Lu-an-da - Ma-lan-zhe railway; av-do-ro-ga-mi with-edi-not-on with the large cities of the country, as well as the cities of the west ny (Ma-ta-di, Kin-sha-sa) and south-eastern (Kol-ve-zi, Li-ka-si, Lu-bum-ba-shi) districts of De-mo- Kra-tichesky Res-pub-li-ki Kon-go. Large seaport. Inter-people's airport “4 Feb-ra-la”.

Os-no-va-na in 1575 port-tu-gal-tsem P. Dia-shem di No-vai-shem under the name San-Pau-lu-di-Lu-an-da. Since 1627, the re-zi-den-tion of the co-lo-ni-al-noy ad-mi-ni-st-ra-tion and the main support base of the Port-Tugal ex-pan-siya in An-go -le. In the 17th - mid-19th centuries, the center of ra-bo-tra-gov-li. In 1844, the port of Luanda was opened to foreigners; With mid-19th century, one of the largest ports in the Port-Tugal states. In the 1960-1970s, the center of the nationalist movement. Since 1975, the modern name, hundred-li-tsa ne-za-vi-si-my An-go-ly.

The center of Luanda is divided into two parts - the Lower and Upper cities; built according to the type of Port-Tugal pro-provincial cities, from-ra-zha-et in its architectural appearance mainly the transition from the ba- rock-co to class-si-ciz-mu. The lower city is located along the coastline, bordered from the south by Fort San Mi-gel (1575), with -ve-ra - seaport; The upper city is at an elevation to the south and east of the Lower city. The following churches were preserved: Ye-zu-it-skaya (1636); Ma-don-ny Na-za-ret-skoy (1664); No-sa-Sen-o-ra-dush-Re-me-di-ush (1679); No-sa-Sen-o-ra-du-Kar-mu (1662-1689). In the 17th century, the forts of San Ped-ru-da-Bar-com and San Fer-nan-do-di-Pe-ne-dash were built. In the 1950-1970s, Luanda was built in a semicircular manner deep into the ma-te-ri-ka. Among the buildings of the 2nd half of the 20th century is the building of the National Bank of An-go-ly; mo-nu-ment na-ro-dam Af-ri-ki. At the beginning of the 21st century, high-rise buildings are being built.

Luanda is the center of science, education and culture of An-go-ly. Among the scientific institutions are scientific research institutes: hydro-me-teo-ro-log-gy and geo-physics (1879), geo-lo-gy gical services (1914), National Center to-ku-men-ta-tion and historical research (1933), medical research (1955), ve-te-ri-nar- Research Studies (1965), Cotton Center (1970), Institute for the Study of African and Foreign Languages ​​(1978), Pedagogical and Social Sciences -al-studies (1980). State University named after A. Neto (1962); Among the non-go-su-dar-st-ven-nyh universities are the Catholic University (opened in 1999), the University named after J. Piat (2000), the University named after G. Se-me-do (2003), Ne-za-vi-si-my University of An-go-ly (2004), University named after O. Ri-ba-sha (2007), Technical University (2007).

Capital of Angola

Mu-ni-tsi-pal-naya (1873) and na-tsio-nal-naya (1968) bib-lio-te-ki. National museums: natural history (1938), an-tro-po-lo-gi-che-sky (1976), slave-st-va (1997). Theatrical and dance troupes: “Elin-ga”, “Dan-sart”, “Da-da-is-mo”, etc. Since 2008, the dit-xia Inter-folk fest-ti-val te-at-ra and arts.

The main business and industrial center of the country. In Luanda the headquarters of the largest national companies are located (including tele-com-mu-ni-ka-tsi-on -noy “Angola Tele-com”, “Unitel” - whether-de-ra in the pre-do-s-tav-le-nii us-luga with-to-voy communication, al-ma-zo-do-by- cabbage industry "Endiama", oil company "Sonangol", airline company "Linhas Aéreas de Angola"). The seaport specializes mainly in the ex-port of oil (total cargo turnover is about 30 million tons per year, incl. non-oil cargo 6.6 million tons per year). The center of the agricultural region (the main production is sugar cane, coffee, cotton, oil crops, palm oil and kernel; In Luanda, more than 1/2 of the production of An-go-ly industry is produced. Food industry enterprises; production of clothing, footwear, cigarettes, plastic and metal products. Auto-assembled, cement (1.2 million tons of cement and 540 thousand tons of wedge-kera per year) and oil-te-re-ra- ba-you-vayu-shiy (capacity 40 thousand barrels/day) water plant. Vos-sta-nav-li-va-et-sya hundred-le-li-tey plant (2010, with the participation of the Chinese Chung Fong Holding Company). The city's electricity supply is being implemented by the Cam-bambe hydroelectric power station on the Kwan-za River (50 thousand kW).

Near Luanda there are oil production facilities.

Great Russian Encyclopedia (BRE)

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Tarasyutina Evgeniya Valerievna

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Luanda— (port. Luanda) the capital of Angola, the largest political, cultural, financial and industrial center of the state.

Luanda occupies an advantageous position on the Atlantic coast, at the confluence of the Kwanza River. The climate in this zone is tropical, the average annual precipitation is 250-500 mm, with most of it falling in February-March. Most warm month year - March, at this time the mercury column of the thermometer rises to +30 degrees, in July the temperature drops to +16, which is largely due to the cooling influence of the Bengal Current.

In the vicinity of Luanda, grassy and shrubby savannas have been preserved in almost their original form; numerous palm trees grow here, the groves of which are becoming thinner to the south of the capital. Outside the city limits you can find such wild animals as elephants, lions, leopards, zebras, antelopes, and monkeys, but their populations have sharply declined in recent years due to human poaching. The coastal waters are home to various representatives of aquatic fauna: whales, turtles, shellfish, and several species of fish.

Luanda- most large city Angola, its population (with suburbs) is about 4.5 million.

Which country's capital is Luanda?

Human. Ethnic composition The capital is quite diverse: representatives of the African peoples of Orimbundu, Mbanda, Bakongo, Lunda, Chokiye, Ngantuela, Kuanyama and others live here, as well as Europeans and a mixed African-European population. Residents of the capital of African descent use Portuguese for official negotiations, and among themselves, as a rule, in the Bantu languages ​​(Kimbundu, Umbundu, Kikongo). Angolans, who are of European and mixed descent, speak Portuguese as the official language. Many residents of Luanda adhere to traditional local beliefs, and there are also Christians - Catholics and Protestants (Baptists, Methodists and Congregationalists).

The modern capital of Angola was founded by the Portuguese colonialist P. Dias de Novais in 1575 and was named São Paulo de Luanda (renamed Luanda in 1975). At the same time, the fortifications of San Miguel were erected on the rocky cape overlooking the city. Already at the end of the 16th century. new city became the center of the Portuguese colonial administration and the main base of expansionist forces in Angola. In 1641, the Portuguese were forced to cede their outpost on the Atlantic coast to the Dutch, and 7 years later they returned their territories. In the period from the 17th to the 19th centuries, Luanda was one of the largest centers of the slave trade; about 3,000,000 blacks were taken from the territories controlled by the Portuguese through the port. In the 20th century, Luanda became the center of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Angola; clashes between workers and Portuguese troops often took place here. In 1961, the leadership of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) organized the workers of Luanda to revolt. The armed uprising of the capital's residents served as a signal for the start of the liberation war.

In April 1974, after a series of revolutionary uprisings, the Portuguese government agreed to grant independence to Angola. In November 1975 at political map A new state appeared in the world - the People's Republic of Angola (since August 1992 - the Republic of Angola), the capital of which was Luanda. Since 1978 the largest settlements Angola was repeatedly subjected to armed attacks by South Africa, which sought to prevent the spread of communist influence in the region and supported the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). In 1991, an agreement on a peaceful resolution of the conflict was signed between representatives of the Angolan government and the opposing UNITA group in Lisbon. However, the political situation in the region remains unstable, which hinders the rapid development of Angolan cities, including Luanda.

Republic of Angola

Luanda - history, attractions, map, photos. Luanda today.

Luanda is the capital of Angola and one of the largest cities in the country. Luanda is located on the Atlantic coast. Population: 2,825,311 people (2012). Time zone: UTC+1. Coordinates: 8°50′00″ S w. 13°14′00″ E. d

The city was founded in 1575 by colonialist Paulo Dias de Novais. Initially, the city was called Sao Paulo di Luanda. At the end of the 16th century, the city was the center of the colonial administration of Portugal. In 1641, the Dutch ousted the Portuguese from their outpost on the Atlantic coast for seven years.

In the 17th–19th centuries, Luanda was a major center of the slave trade. About three million blacks were transported through the port. In the twentieth century, the city became the center of the national liberation movement for the country's independence.

In 1961, civil war began in Luanda. In 1975, Angola gained independence. It was decided to simplify the name of the capital, so the name São Paulo de Luanda was shortened to Luanda.

Luanda is the largest political, cultural, financial and industrial center of the state. In 2008, the capital of Angola was recognized as the most expensive city in the world. Two movie tickets here will cost about 26 dollars, and the rent of a two-room apartment will cost 7 thousand dollars. The city's economy is developing rapidly, new hotels of the same level as the Riviera Anapa hotel in Russia are being built. The main export item is Robusta coffee beans.

Luanda is a port city. Almost all goods available in the capital are imported. On the territory of the capital there is international airport. Getting around the city is provided by buses and taxis.

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Sights of Luanda
Luanda is a picturesque capital divided into two parts: the Upper and Lower Towns. Most of the local attractions are concentrated in the Lower Town. Fort San Miguel is a colonial monument. Today the building houses historical museum. Not far from the fort there are such ancient churches as: the temple of the Madonna of Nazareth (1664), the Church of the Carmelites (1638), the Jesuit church (XVI century). In the Lower Town, even the city sidewalks paved with mosaics deserve attention.

The parliament is located in Upper Luanda, Cathedral, palace of the president and bishop.

The city's attractions include local beaches.

Luanda - Capital of Angola

Belash, Mussulu, Korimba, Ile are especially popular.

Literature lovers will undoubtedly be delighted by the collections of books collected in the National and Municipal Libraries.

Luanda has several interesting markets: Roque Santeiro and Benfica, specializing in African art.

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Angola
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More information: Angola

Angola

Geographical location and nature of Angola.

State in southwest Africa.

The country with the most expensive city in the world: Angola on the map

In the south it borders with Namibia (border length - 1,376 km), in the east - with Zaire (2,511 km) and Zambia (1,110 km), in the north - with Congo (201 km). In the west, Angola is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. The total length of the border is 5,198 km, length coastline— 1,600 km. Area - 1,246,700 km2. The main part of the country is occupied by the vast Angolan plateau with an average altitude above sea level of 1,000-1,500 m. high point plateau - Mount Moko (2,620 m). The western edge of the Angolan plateau descends with steep ledges to a narrow coastal lowland. The width of the coastal plain is small - 50-100 km. The rivers of Angola, such as the Congo, Zambezi, Kasai and others, originate in the mountains, forming numerous picturesque waterfalls. The country's subsoil is rich in oil, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, gold, and uranium.

Population of Angola.

The population is 10,069,501 people (1995), with an average of about 9 people per km2. The country is home to 11 people's political groups belonging to two main ethnic groups: Banngo and Western Bantu. State language Portuguese, various Bantu dialects are strange. Almost half of the population (47%) are adherents of pagan cults and religions, 38% are Catholics, 15% are Protestants. Birth rate - 45 newborns per 1,000 people (1995). Mortality -18.1 deaths per 1,000 people (infant mortality rate - 142 deaths per 1,000 births). Average duration life: men - 44 years, women - 48 years (1995). The working-age population is 2,783,000 people.

Climate of Angola.

The climate in the interior of the country is equatorial-monsoon, on the coast - dry, tropical trade wind. Precipitation is unevenly distributed: from 50 mm per year in the south to 1,500 mm per year in the central plateau, the rainy season lasts from May to August.

Flora of Angola.

The desert vegetation characteristic of the extreme south of the country is replaced to the north, first by a strip of savannas, and then by dense tropical forests. Palm trees grow in abundance along the Atlantic coast.

Wildlife of Angola.

Angola has almost all types of large animals found on the African continent: elephant, giraffe, rhinoceros, zebra, antelope, lion, hippopotamus, etc. A variety of bird species nest in the country.

State structure, political parties Angola.

Full name: Republic of Angola. State system- republic. The country is divided into 18 provinces. The capital is Luanda. Angola received independence on November 11, 1975 from Portugal. The Constitution, adopted on November 11, 1975, was revised on January 7, 1978, August 11, 1980 and March 6, 1991. The legislation is based on the Portuguese civil law system and traditional laws. The national holiday is celebrated on November 11 - Independence Day. Executive power belongs to the president (head of state) and prime minister. The unicameral parliament is the National Assembly. More than 30 parties are registered, the most influential political parties being the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).

Economy, transport communications Angola.

Agriculture is the main means of subsistence for the vast majority of the country's population. The most important industry is oil production, which accounts for about 60% of GNP (in 1994 it was $6.1 billion, GNP per capita was $620). Currency-new kwanzaa (1 new kwanzaa is equal to 100 leva). The main export items of income in the country's budget are oil, liquefied gas, diamonds, coffee, fish and fish products. The main trading partners are the USA, CIS countries, Cuba, Portugal, Brazil. Such industries as oil, diamond, mining, food, tobacco, and sugar are developed. IN agriculture Much space is devoted to export crops: coffee, sisal, grains, cotton, sugar cane, cassava, tobacco. Total length railways- 3,189 km, roads have a total length of 73,828 km (8,577 km of paved roads). The main ports of the country: Luanda, Ngenza Kabolo, Lobitu, Cabinda.

History of Angola.

Angola was discovered by the Portuguese in 1482, and by 1484 Portugal began to own the entire coast of the country. The expansion of Portugal's influence into the interior of the country began only in the 19th century. The Portuguese traveler Serpa Pinto, who explored the area between the Zambezi and Congo rivers and became the governor of Mozambique in 1889, made a number of unsuccessful attempts to annex Angola to Mozambique. At the beginning of the 20th century. Angola became a Portuguese colony, an overseas territory in 1951, and a province of Portugal in 1955. In 1961, a national liberation war began in the country, which led to the declaration of independence in 1975 People's Republic Angola. The confrontation between the ruling Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola, supported by the USSR, and the UNITA organization, which found support from the United States, led to a civil war in which both South Africa and Cuba. In 1991, a peace agreement was signed between the warring parties, but after the victory of Dos Santos in the presidential elections, civil war broke out again in the country.

Sights of Angola.

Among the monuments of the architectural heritage of the past, one can highlight the 16th century fort. in the city of Benguela, fortress of the 17th century. San Miguel in Luanda. The capital also houses the Angola Museum.

Angola's participation in international organizations.

AfDB, TCC, ECA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, MNTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAP, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO UNIDO, UPU, CGT, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO , WTO.

*This information is valid until 2010.

Luanda- the capital of Angola, the most big city countries. Luanda is one of the largest African cities, its population is 4.5 million people.

Luanda is located on the Atlantic coast, it is one of major ports on the Atlantic coast of Africa.

The city is located in the Southern Hemisphere, 900 km south of the equator.

Map

Attractions

There are many attractions in Luanda; it is an interesting city.

Former residence of the Portuguese Governor General - This luxurious palace, which is located in the center of the Angolan capital. It is always open to visitors, where you can get acquainted with the interior of the palace. The interior has been preserved since the Portuguese colonization.

Mausoleum of Augustinho Neto – one of the leaders of the uprising for Angolan independence is buried here.

Football stadium - accommodates 60 thousand spectators, football in the capital of Angola is the most popular sport.

Fortress-fort San Miguel – it houses a historical museum, which was discussed above in this article. Luanda was founded here by the Portuguese.

National Library - one of the places cultural recreation residents of the capital of Angola.

Luanda center– built up with one-story houses in a typical Portuguese colonial style. There are many medieval narrow streets, many shops, cafes, restaurants, there are always a lot of tourists here.

Museums

There are many interesting museums in Luanda.

Historical Museum – is located on the territory of the fortress of San Miguel, the place where the Portuguese founded their colony. The museum details the history of Angola and the struggle of the Angolan people for independence from Portuguese oppression. There are many interesting historical photographs and documents.

Museum Armed Forces Angola – tells visitors about the main periods of formation and development of the Angolan army. Here are the weapons that the Angolan army has.

Slavery Museum – interesting museum, whose exhibitions are dedicated to the slave trade on the African continent.

Natural History Museum – talks about geological structure territory of Angola, about the minerals that are mined in the country.

Anthropological Museum – tells about the history of the settlement of the territory of Angola by ancient people.

Story

The capital of Angola was founded by the Portuguese conquistador Paulo Dias de Novais in 1575. The city was named Sao Paulo di Luanda. The city bore this name until 1975, when it received its modern name - Luanda.

In 1641, the city and the entire territory of modern Angola were captured by the Dutch, but their rule was short-lived - only 7 years. In 1648, the Portuguese regained control of São Paulo de Luanda.

During the Portuguese colonization, Sao Paulo di Luanda became the largest center for the trade of dark-skinned slaves in Africa. The slave trade lasted from the 17th to the 19th centuries; during this period, 3 million black slaves were exported from Africa through the port of Luanda.

In the 20th century, a national liberation movement for independence from Portugal unfolded in Luanda.

A civil war broke out in 1961 and ended in 1974 with Portugal granting independence to Angola. Luanda becomes the capital of the new independent state.

The new government of Angola set a course for building communism, and, starting in 1978, the territory of Angola, including Luanda, was repeatedly attacked by South Africa, where apartheid policies were being pursued at that time. The country was ruled by the separatist group UNITA.

In 1991, an agreement was signed between the Angolan government and the UNITA group on a ceasefire and peaceful settlement of the conflict.

Luanda is today one of the most expensive capitals in the world, and in 2008, the capital of Angola ranked first in the world in terms of the high cost of living.

Monuments

Luanda's most famous monument is the Peace Monument. This sculptural composition, consisting of a plywood pigeon and a real infantry fighting vehicle.

Religious buildings

Luanda is home to many ancient churches:

- Jesuit church;

- Temple of the Carmelites;

— Church of the Virgin Mary of Nazareth;

- Church of Nossa Senhora do Cabo;

— Cathedral;

- Church of Nossa Senhora de Nazaré;

- Church of Nossa Senhora do Carmo;

- Church of Nossa Senhora de Remedios;

- Church of Mercy;

- Church of Jesus.

All churches in Luanda are Catholic.

Parks

70 km from Luanda is the Kissama Park - a park that consists of untouched tropical forest.

Stations

Luanda has a train station and passenger service. By train from the capital of Angola you can get to the city of Malanje, which is located in the center of Angola.

Climate

Luanda's climate is tropical. There are no seasons, summer reigns all year round. You can swim in the Atlantic Ocean in the Luanda area all year round. A distinctive feature of Luanda's climate is low humidity. There is little rain here.

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Luanda lies on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, at the confluence of the Kwanza River, in the north-west of Angola. Beyond the urban area, grassy and shrubby savannas begin - a world of wildlife where elephants, lions, leopards, zebras, antelopes, and monkeys live in their natural environment. Despite active opposition to poaching by government organizations, the number of wild fauna is declining.

History of the city

The history of Luanda goes back more than 400 years. Before the arrival of European colonialists in the territory modern city there was no permanent settlement, only temporary camps of nomadic herders.
The city of Luanda was founded in 1575 by the Portuguese explorer and first captain-governor of Portuguese Angola, Paulo Dias de Novais (circa 1510 - 1589). He also gave the name to the new city - Sao Paulo da Assumpcio de Luanda. The name combines the name of Dias de Novais himself and the word “Luanda,” which the aborigines used to designate the location of the settlement. “Luanda” in the languages ​​of local tribes meant the name of the cowrie shell, which was collected on the island opposite the new city and which from ancient times until the beginning of the 20th century. served as the local currency.
Immediately after the founding of the city, the Portuguese began building a fortress: on a rocky cape they erected forts, one of which, San Miguel, has survived better than others to this day and was turned into the Museum of the Angolan Armed Forces.
At first, a hundred immigrant families and four hundred soldiers of the fort garrison settled in the city. Luanda quickly became a springboard for Portuguese colonial expansion in southern Africa.
In 1641, the Portuguese authorities were forced to cede Luanda to the Dutch, who renamed it Fort Aardenburg, but seven years later the Portuguese regained the city.
For three centuries (from 1550 to 1836) Luanda was largest center slave trade in southern Africa, and through it about 3 million Africans were exported to Brazil. In addition, the future capital of Angola until the 19th century. remained the largest base of Portuguese expansion in the region.
The influence of the Brazilians was so strong in Luanda that informally the city could be called a colony of Brazil, which itself was a Portuguese colony and gained independence only in 1822.
In 1836, the slave trade in Luanda was banned, but the city did not suffer economic collapse. In 1844, a seaport opened here, and the export of palm and nut oil, precious wood, coffee, cotton and cocoa was gradually established. The city began to produce flour, tobacco, and corned beef.
The Portuguese Colonial War (1961-1974), provoked by the national liberation movement in the African colonies, practically did not affect Luanda. After the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974, when a bloodless military coup was carried out in Portugal, Angola gained independence, after which a long-term civil war began in the country. The development of the city has practically stopped, the port is frozen. Most of the white Portuguese left the city.
After the end of the civil war in 2002, Luanda's economy began to skyrocket through the oil and diamond trade.
Nowadays, Luanda is developing thanks to the efforts of people who have made a fortune through the trade in diamonds and oil.
Modern Luanda is not only the administrative center of Angola. As a result of centuries-long conversion of the local population to Catholicism, Luanda became the Archdiocese of Rome catholic church in Angola.
According to economic indicators, Luanda is far from a poor city. Bring reliable income natural resources region: Luanda exports diamonds, oil and fish. The main import item remains food: in Luanda almost all food products are imported.
Local industry is engaged in the processing of agricultural products, producing soft drinks, tobacco and construction materials.
In terms of plan, Luanda is divided into two parts: Baja de Luanda (lower city) - on the flat shore of a wide bay, protected from the surf by a sand spit (there is a port and business district), and Cidada Alta ( upper city) - on a high terrace where the seat of government, the palaces of the archbishop and the former governor-general, and old residential areas with buildings in the Portuguese colonial style are located. Since the 1950s. Luanda expands in a semicircle inland. The city center is built up with houses of wealthy citizens, the suburbs - which in Luanda are called "musekesh" - are a chaotic squatter development.
Currently, the city is actively being built up with new buildings that belong to the “new Angolans” - those who managed to get rich in trade natural resources: oil (mined on the coastal shelf near Luanda) and diamonds.
In 2008, Luanda was recognized as the most expensive city in the world, beating even Tokyo, which firmly held the title of the most expensive city world for many years. The reason is that Luanda is incredible high prices for goods and services, and the infrastructure has still not been put in order after thirty years of civil war. Most residents of the outskirts of Luanda struggle to make ends meet.
Luanda has suffered greatly from recent military conflicts. Nevertheless, some colonial-style buildings and sidewalks decorated with mosaics have survived here.

Population

Although much of the city still recalls the civil war, Luanda has relatively better living conditions than elsewhere in Angola, and the local population has grown significantly in recent years. Modern residents of the capital are mainly representatives of the Bantu peoples, but in communicating with each other they use Portuguese, which remains the state language in Angola and is gradually replacing other languages. Young people in Luanda speak predominantly Portuguese.
Luanda has preserved traditions of musical culture and dance, in which there is a clear connection with the musical traditions of Brazil and the islands Caribbean. The “Victory Carnival” and folklore competitions are very popular in the city.

General information

Location: South West Africa.

Capital and largest city of the Republic of Angola, administrative center of the province of Luanda.

Languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu languages ​​(Kimbundu, Umbundu, Kikongo).

Ethnic composition: Orimbundu, Mbanda, Bakongo, Lunda, Chokwe, Ngantuela, Kuanyama, Europeans, mestizos.

Religions: Catholicism, Protestantism (Baptists, Methodists and Congregationalists), animism.
Currency: Kwanzaa.
Major airport: Luanda-Cuatro de Fevereiro International Airport.

Numbers

Area: 113 km 2 (agglomeration - 2418 km 2).

Population: 2,825,311 people (agglomerations - more than 5 million) (2012).
Population density: 25,002.8 people/km 2 (agglomeration - 2068 people/km 2).

Poverty rate: 53%.

Height above level: 6 m.

Climate and weather

Tropical. The influence of the cold Benguela current.

Average January temperature: +25.5°C.

Average temperature in July: +21°С.

Average annual precipitation: 323 mm.
Rainy season: March - April.
Relative humidity: 78,5%.

Economy

The administrative, commercial, industrial and transport center of Angola.

Minerals: oil and diamonds.

Industry: oil refining, food, tobacco, textile, production of building materials.

Seaport.

Fishing.
Service sector: tourism, transport, trade.

Attractions

■ Historical: Fort San Miguel (Museum of the Angolan Armed Forces, 17th century), forts of San Pedro de Barcom and San Fernando de Penedas (XVI-XVII centuries), mausoleum of Antonio Agostinho Neto.
■ Cult: Jesuit Church (XVI century), Temple of the Carmelites (circa 1638), Church of the Madonna of Nazareth (1664), Cathedral.
■ Cultural: Agostinho Neto University, Monument to the Peoples of Africa Fighting for Freedom, Museum of Angola, Dundu Museum (ethnographic), National Library, Municipal Library, Academy of Music, Institute of Education and Sociology of Angola, Monument to Peace, Museum of Slavery, Museum of San Pedro da Barra, National Anthropological Museum, National Museum natural history.
■ Architectural: former residence of the Governor General, Archbishop's Palace, embankment.
■ Others: Mussulu, Ile, Belash, Korimba beaches, Bibala County resort, city stadium.

Curious facts

In the building of Fort San Miguel, the Museum of the Angolan Armed Forces was opened, the decision to create which was made back in 1975, after the country gained independence.
In the halls of the museum there are tanks, planes and other weapons that were used during the War of Independence.

Fort São Francisco do Pinedo in Luanda, built in 1765-1766, is listed as a UNESCO protected site.

Luanda's artisans traditionally make ceremonial masks, figurines from various materials (ivory, stone, bronze, ceramics, wood), as well as dishes (straw, clay, wooden dishes, jugs, plates, vases).

The Peace Monument in Luanda is a well-worn infantry fighting vehicle with a huge white dove of peace mounted on it.

The word "Luanda" also means "tribute", "tax", "to give". The indigenous inhabitants of the Luanda lands paid tribute to local leaders with the same cowrie shells.

The mausoleum of Angola's first president, Antonio Agostinho Neto (1922-1979), resembles a rocket about to take off and is mounted on a tomb with a hexagonal roof. The mausoleum is located on the ocean coast. Work to prepare the body for its stay in the Angolan mausoleum was carried out in the laboratory at the Moscow mausoleum for three months.
In 1992, at the request of the family of the deceased, the remains of the president were buried, but the construction of the mausoleum was never completed.

In Luanda, the old Angolan tradition of making mushimbu - wind instruments from huge sea shells - has been preserved.

The Republic of Angola is a country in southwest Africa. The capital is Luanda. This city ranks third in the world in terms of the number of people who speak Portuguese. The first two places are occupied by the South American cities of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The capital of Angola is located on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean.

Luanda is over four hundred years old. The year of its foundation is considered to be 1575. The founder of the city is the Portuguese Paulo Dias de Novais, who named it Sao Paulo da Assumpcio de Luanda. Translated as “cowrie shell”. It was the local currency of Angola until the beginning of the twentieth century.

In the mid-seventeenth century, the Portuguese ceded Luanda to Holland, but after 7 years the city returned to Portugal. From the 16th to the early 19th century, the capital of Algeria was considered one of the centers of the slave trade in South Africa.

What is the capital of Angola

Towards the mid-nineteenth century, the slave trade was prohibited, but the city's economy did not suffer, since a seaport was soon established here, which was used for export. Exported:

• palm oil
• nut butter
• coffee beans
• cotton
• cocoa

In 1974, Portugal changed its government through a bloodless coup. After the change of the Portuguese government, Angola, whose capital always remained Luanda, became an independent country. However, immediately after gaining independence, a terrible civil war began in the country, which dragged on for many years. The development of Luanda stopped, the port ceased to function. Many Portuguese left the country.

This city appeared 4 centuries ago and was called “São Paulo li Luanda”; it received its current name - Luanda - only in 1975. Initially, it was a settlement founded by the Portuguese colonialist; later it was given the status of a city and began to be used as a base for the colonial administration. The current capital of Angola became a kind of bridge through which blacks were transported outside the country.

Life in Luanda has changed radically in the last century. This city became the center of concentration of the main forces of the local population, who began an active struggle against Portuguese oppression. As soon as Angola gained independence, Luanda immediately became its capital. Today here you will meet representatives of different races, states and cultures. Of course, the majority of the population is made up of African peoples, but there are also quite a lot of descendants of the Portuguese colonialists and Europeans here. The same applies to languages ​​– there are quite a lot of them. Portuguese is the official language, but along with it you will often hear European languages ​​and Bantu.

Why the capital of Angola attracts tourists

Firstly, the tourism sector in Luanda is well developed. Many are accustomed to thinking that in Africa everything is somehow chaotic, visitors entertain themselves. But this is not always the case. It is enough to remember about, in which a huge number of exciting excursions are organized for tourists both in the city itself and beyond. At the same time, you can spend your time peacefully, enjoying the beautiful pictures of nature. If the “Navel of the Earth” is located nearby - one of the main attractions of Africa, which everyone advises to look at, then near the capital of Angola you will find a real little corner of paradise.

The island of Mussulo offers you to wander along beautiful beaches and enjoy solitude.

Also near Luanda there is an ancient fort, national park and coffee plantations, also of interest to tourists.

Nature, of course, deserves special attention. The capital of Angola boasts a neighborhood of shrubby and grassy savannas. There are also quite a few palm groves here. Walking along the coastline, you may well see shellfish and turtles, but if you go out to sea and dive to greater depths, you will see a whale.

Luanda and its attractions

The first thing that catches the eye of any visitor to this city is the variety of architectural styles. It is especially interesting to look at the buildings designed in the colonial style, most of them are built from stone, wood and clay.

Many buildings contain elements of African culture - ornaments, African masks, images of animals. If you are in the capital of Angola, be sure to look at the university building and the San Miguel fortress - these are the main examples of the colonial style.

The central part of Luanda includes the Jesuit Church (XVI century), the Church of the Madonna of Nazareth (2nd half of the XVII century) and the Temple of the Carmelites (mid-XVII century). In addition, tourists usually strive to visit the former residence of the Portuguese governor. Also check out the Palacio de Ferro ("Iron Palace").

This architectural monument, who has survived almost all the troubles of the past. They say that its author was Gustav Eiffel himself, famous throughout the world as the creator of the symbol.

It will also be interesting to just walk around Luanda, because the city sidewalks will certainly evoke an association with the capital of Portugal, in particular with the famous boulevard paved with mosaics.

You can have a great time, take a break from busy excursions in one of the city parks, sunbathe on the beach, or go surfing.

Cultural holiday in the capital of Angola

It is definitely worth a look at the Academy of Music, which has been open since 1956 and offers visitors to get acquainted not only with classical works, but also with melodies by local composers. It should be noted that the capital of Angola is very careful about the traditions of dance and music cultures. Contemporary music is closely intertwined with musical traditions Caribbean Islands and Brazil.

The San Miguel Fortress houses the Museum of Angola, which displays exhibits telling the history of the country and the African people. A visit to the Dundu Museum will complement the general impressions of Luanda and the knowledge gained about the country.

Historical and ethnographic monuments are collected here. Surely many will be interested in visiting the Museum of Slavery; they only read about this phenomenon in books and watched stories on TV, but here there are documented facts. By the way, you can watch films in good quality about the history of the African-American people, listen to interesting lectures even when you are in America (Philadelphia), for this you just need to visit Luanda, but you will also find the Museum of Natural History and the Anthropological Museum.

Do you like to read? Have you tried to get acquainted with the masterpieces of African literature? Perhaps you will be interested in this. Try it, go to the National Library, located in the Angolan capital, and leaf through books by writers such as Arthur Pestana dos Santos or Luandino Vieira. Of course, it will be difficult to understand something, so you can look at modern performances created based on their works.

Do you want to get acquainted with black painting? Go. Yes, you read correctly, one of the quarters of the Cuban capital is an open-air museum of African painting.

And in the end I would like to remind you about things for tourists. Although Luanda does not have a high crime rate, it is worth paying attention to your belongings. Leave valuables in the hotel safe. But be sure to take a bottle with you mineral water, because you can’t drink the local water.

Some places accept dollars as payment, while others accept kwanzaas.

Be calm about document checks by local law enforcement officers and do not take photographs of government agencies! The law prohibits this. Read more about what awaits you because of such carelessness in the article about, I’m sure you will find a lot of useful and interesting things.

Well, now you know that Luanda is the capital of Angola (a country located in Africa). It's quite attractive and interesting place. You will learn even more about him and his coloring from the video.

P.S. I hope you enjoyed your virtual trip to the capital of Angola. Until next time. Don't forget to write comments and click on the social buttons (if you like the post). Thank you!)